HR Assignment essay writing study on: Motivation

Motivation has been regarded as a psychological feature which would be aroused within an individual so as to fulfill the desired goal, control within the organization. Motivation refers to driving force which would incite the individuals working within the, to work towards the fulfillment of the desired organizational goal. There are various types of approaches involved within motivation. They are social, cognitive, physiological and behavioral.  Motivation is referred to as a basic need which would help to minimize the pain as well as maximize the pleasure for a desired object. Based upon the various researches it has been regarded that motivation is related to & distinct from the concept of emotion. Based upon the dictionary meaning, motivation refers to the force inside the individual which would force the individual to act as per the action. It shall be seen that, motivation always some from within keeping in mind the goals, thoughts, beliefs & ambition. Motivation refers to a force which makes the things happen and in turn satisfy the individual once they have completed their tasks. The needs of the individuals also vary from person to person & these needs motivate the individual to perform some critical tasks. Based upon the levels of motivation, the individuals would work out the amount of effort which would be utilized to perform a particular task. Determining the levels effort for the completion of the task would act as an inspiration for the employees in the organization to perform the same. The needs vary from person to person which motivates them to work for the accomplishment of the desired goal. The level of motivation will help to increase the effectiveness along with the standard of the output as a whole.It shall be taken into consideration that when we talk about motivation in an organization, some employees think in terms of money. Therefore, it shall be taken into consideration that motivation within employees can be in monetary terms or non monetary terms. Most of the employees in an organization need to be motivated with a reasonable hike in their package. Hence, the way with which one can be motivated varies from person to person totally based upon his/her characteristics.

Motivation within an organization will help to increase the levels of effectiveness & efficiency within the same. Motivation within the enterprise will take into consideration both quantities as well as quality of the output which might be reaped within the business entity. It has been seen that, within an organization employee motivation is the central problem for all the managers & leaders. It has been seen that, the non-motivated employees are likely not to spend much of their time in working productively as well as put in the same amount of effort as compared to that of a motivated employee. The motivated employees on the other hand, would feel fresh & take up various challenges to produce high quality work.

Some of the relevant theories which have been discussed in this section of the essay are firstly, Herzberg two factor theory, secondly; Maslow’s theory & lastly; McGregor Theory of X and Y.

Herzberg’s two-factor theory:Motivation at work place plays a key role in order to keep the employees working in the organization happy as well as content. Much research has been conducted in the areas of leadership, team management, performance management, ethics, decision making & its importance. The Herzberg theory of motivation states that, there are two types of key indicators such as Hygiene & Motivational factors (Bandura, 2007). In order to portray a positive attitude in the workplace, various other theories have been adopted. This would help in order to enhance the productivity as well as the efficiency of the organization as a whole.

This HRM theory which would motivate the individuals is the Frederick Herzberg two factor theories which put forward a different structure for understanding the impulse implications amongst the working environment (Hyde, 2004).

The theory of Herzberg’s two factor theory states the following two factors which would helps an individual in order to get motivated at the work place. They are as under:

Þ    Hygiene factors would include job security, salary, working conditions, technical quality of supervision & organizational policies. Although, the factors mentioned above do not inspire the employees, but can definitely cause disappointment/ unhappiness when missing. It must be noted that presence of such factors which not increase the satisfaction level amongst the employees (Hyde, 2004).

Þ    Satisfiers or motivators would include the following i.e. achievement, growth opportunities, responsibility, & feelings of recognition, are some of the basic motivators which would lead to satisfaction & create sense of motivation (Hyde, 2004).The weakness & the potential pitfalls to the implementation of Herzberg Two Factor Theory have been discussed in this section of the report. It has been stated that, the two factors associated in this theory i.e.        Satisfiers & the hygiene factors are no longer considered to be exist within over the separate scales. In addition to this, it has also been noticed that the differences between the individual factors such as personality traits, etc will not have an affect over the overall unique responses of the same. Based upon the various types of theirs, it has been seen that there are different inadequacies which are attached along this theory. Furthermore, one of the major criticism attached with this theory is that it is been based upon the fact, the workforce who is highly motivated or satisfied will be able to produce more (Bandura, 2007). Another problem attached along with this theory is that, to study the levels satisfaction the two factors i.e. motivators & hygiene factors will not be enough. These two factors will be unable to decide whether the employee is satisfied or dissatisfied (Cropanzano & Rupp, 2006).

Some of the thoughts or weaknesses which are attached and are of no more importance is that job enrichment refer to a strategy which leads to an increase in the levels of motivation. The main strategy which is attached with the enrichment of job refers to the strategy involved for the change of job (Allport, 2004). The second weakness which is attached with the implementation of Herzberg theory of motivation refers to the publicity attached with the enrichment of jobs. Publicity along with fanfare provides the workers with an expectation to improve in the future which might not be possible to achieve in the years to come. Some of the other weaknesses which have been attached along this motivational theory refer to the fact that, training of the personnel would provide high levels of effectiveness along with efficiency. Management would be able to create high levels of motivational jobs which might satisfy the all the levels of the organization (Bandura, 2007).

Theory of X and Y:

Douglas McGregor’s Theory X & Theory Y are the theories which leads to human motivation, have been used in various organizations. The theory can be described with two different attitudes headed towards personnel’s motivation.

Theory X:

Theory X refers to the first component of this theory. This theory states that there are certain employees in the organization who are lazy, always try to avoid work, and dislikes the work.

It must be noted that if the organization wants its goals as well as objectives to e met then, they should avoid relying on the employees having some traits of theory X. The HR managers should take into consideration such type of traits whenever they want to allocate some work to its employees (Magloff, 2012).

The HR manager should see that the employees with theory X traits would always try to escape from its responsibilities.

Theory Y:

The theory Y refers to the second component of McGregor’s theory of X and Y. this theory assumes that the employees of the organization are highly ambitious & motivated to work whole heartedly (Magloff, 2012). This means that, if any organization wants to get its work done then they should rely on such type of employees. Workers/ employees within the organization are highly motivated & want to work towards the accomplishment of the goal, objective being laid down by the top officials (Magloff, 2012).Such type of workers would help the enterprise to have a great future ahead as these employees would be able to solve the problems & take up all the responsibilities.

It is one of the most crucial aspects of HRM. Theory Y refers to a type of trait which should be made available in each & every organization which would help them to be at the top & have a competitive edge over others (Magloff, 2012).

This type of theory i.e. Theory Y is the best management style to be practiced across any organization.

Abraham Maslow Need Hierarchy Theory:

Abraham Maslow defines the theory of need hierarchy by dividing the human needs into five different heads such as physiological, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs & self actualization needs.

Maslow talks about this theory with regards to the level of motivation in an individual. In the starting stage, the individual is only concerned about the basic necessities of life & does not think beyond it. As and when his first needs are accomplished, he gets a motivational force in order to move ahead & try to capture some other needs too. Maslow also states that, the needs of human are multiple in natures & are always in a hierarchical order. He also states that an unsatisfied need can influence individual behavior and act as a motivator whereas an accomplished need does not act as a motivator (Nadler, 1984).

Hence, it could be concluded that human resource management refers to a term of policies, processes as well as strategies which would help in the proper functioning of the enterprise. This aspect helps in order to manage the people working within the organization. Managing the employees, staff members as well as developing the human resources has been termed to be one of the most challenging aspects for any enterprise.The HR practices as well as policies have helped in order to shape the organizational structure in the most suitable manner. In reference to the following, three HRM theories have been discussed within the assignment. The Herzberg Theory of HRM discusses the fact that, motivation plays one of the crucial roles in order to have an effective working environment within the organization. This HRM theory would help in order to motivate the individuals on the basis of two factor theories which put forward a different structure for understanding the impulse implications amongst the working environment. In order to judge the attitude of the people working within the organization the McGregor Theory of X &Y is practiced. Lastly, the need hierarchy theory given by Maslow plays a crucial role in judging the level of satisfaction which the employee possesses. These three HRM theories will help in order to shape the organizational structure in the future years.

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