The ecosystem that has been selected for this particular assignment include forest. Primary characteristics of the forest ecosystem include forest canopy, this feature serves as a particular interface between the land as well as the atmosphere (Nowak, Poudyal & McNulty, 2017). Next feature is forest soil, this feature is affected by any sort of changes in climate, rainfall, geology as well as vegetation.

Climate of forest depends on the type of forest, such as the tropical rainforests have a temperature between 68 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit almost the entire year. Similarly the deciduous forests have temperature of around 50 degree Fahrenheit and the rainfall averages to around 40 to 65 inches (Lindenmayer, Messier & Sato, 2016). Water availability in forest ecosystem is mostly high because due to the presence of a huge amount of trees. Around 75 percent of water is obtained from the forests. Terrain of forest. Soil composition of forest is very fertile, it consists of numerous nutrients which enhance the growth of trees and the organisms living within the ecosystem (Reinhard, Planavsky & Gill, 2017). Soils in some tropical rain forests is of poor quality due to the torrential rains. Inhabitants of forests include, human beings, animals and insects. Organisms living in forest mostly depend on this particular ecosystem for living. The organisms include humans, animals, insects and marine animals. These organisms depend directly on this ecosystem for living (Berhe, Barnes & Six 2018).

The role of carbon cycle within the forest ecosystem: every organism that is a part of this ecosystem has their contribution in effecting the forest ecosystem. Carbon cycle acts as a vital element for the organisms sustaining within the forest ecosystem. The higher levels of carbon di oxides effects the forest ecosystem in a negative manner and hence cause rise in temperature (Nowak, Poudyal & McNulty, 2017). The forest ecosystems makes use of carbon di oxide for numerous purposes like photosynthesis.

Part 2

Table 1:

(Source: created by author)

Part 3

Society has numerous negative impacts of the phosphorous as well as nitrogen cycle with the usage of fertilizers as well as raising livestock. Fertilizers as well as wastes produced by hogs are very high in phosphorous, this absorbed by the soil by water runoff (Lindenmayer, Messier & Sato, 2016). Phosphorous fertilizes that are used for the purpose increasing productivity of plants leach into the water table or enter the streams which again drains into the lakes. Mining the phosphate rocks accelerates the process of natural weathering of phosphorous.

The consequences of human intrusion include damage caused to the marine life due to drainage of phosphorous present in fertilizers (Berhe, Barnes &Six, 2018). The availability of phosphorus and nitrogen had reduced to great extent.

Two examples of activities include usage of fertilizers to great extent and mining large amount of phosphate rocks for making fertilizers that are commercially inorganic as well as detergents.  

References

Berhe, A. A., Barnes, R. T., Six, J., & Marín-Spiotta, E. (2018). Role of soil erosion in biogeochemical cycling of essential elements: Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 46, 521-548.

Lindenmayer, D., Messier, C., & Sato, C. (2016). Avoiding ecosystem collapse in managed forest ecosystems. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 14(10), 561-568.

Nowak, D. J., Poudyal, N. C., & McNulty, S. G. (2017). Forest ecosystem services: Carbon and air quality. General Technical Report SRS-226. Asheville, NC: US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station., 226, 49-63.

Reinhard, C. T., Planavsky, N. J., Gill, B. C., Ozaki, K., Robbins, L. J., Lyons, T. W., … & Konhauser, K. O. (2017). Evolution of the global phosphorus cycle. Nature, 541(7637), 386.