Nursing Assignment help on : CAUTI or Catheter

CAUTI or Catheter associated urinary tract infection are due  to the occurrence of the mix community of microbes and they  are not related to any particular population in the patients who have been subjected to catheterization since the long term. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA),and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, both are found in CAUTI, as a mixed culture were allowed to be grown together within the model of CAUTI as compared to their respective monocultures and a development was noted within the bio-film. It has been seen that microbials differ significantly in their behaviour when it comes to operating in their monocultures and with some other species within CAUTI. Their capability of bio-film formation and virulence gene expression is of significant importance for medical world as different strategies could be formulated for microbials and polymocriabials communities. There are seven methods used to conduct this study-  First is Strains & Culturing Conditions where the substances used are P. aeruginosa NCIMB 10777 and methicillin resistant S. aureus EMRSA16 obtained from cryotubes. ( Brooks T, Keevil CW ,1997 )

Second method used is biofilm growth in which enzymes dispersin B and deoxyribonuclease are used along with Pseudomonas aeruginosa for secretion. Biofilm growth is further assisted by biofilm extraction in which a solution of artificial urine and ethanol-phenol mixture is used. mRNA extraction uses Tissue Lyser and RNeasy mini kit (Qiagen) as equipments of extraction. cDNA synthesis employs Invitrogen RT–PCR kit to carry out the process (Bartlett, J. M. S.; Stirling, D, 2003).

Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction uses Bio-Rad Mini-Opticon with 12.5 ml of iQ SYBR Green supermix, 1 ml forward primer, 1 ml reverse primer, 9.5 ml nuclease-free water and 1 ml of the cDNA template. To analyse the relative amounts of target gene expression in a mixed culture biofilm as compared to the bacterial species in biofilms of their respective monocultures, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed (Saiki, R.; Scharf, S.; Faloona, F.; Mullis, K.; Horn, G.; Erlich, H.; Arnheim, N,1985).

Fluorescent antibody tagging method uses Texas red labelled polyclonal antibodies raised against P. aerguinosa (Abcam) with 2-4% formalin (Pober, Jordan S.; Abbas, Abul K.; Lichtman, Andrew H. 2000). Fluorescent antibody tagging was done to recognize the different bacterial species within a bio film of mixed community. Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounts for the twelve percent of the urinary infection (Van Delden C, Iglewski BH, 1998). The work is related to the findings of the strategies of the treatment for CAUTI, when there is a presence of the polymicrobial communities. Similar research works corresponding to P. Aeruginosa and its association with catheter-associated infection has been carried out by J.C. Nickel, J. Downey and J.W. Costerton 1992 but with different techniques although the same conclusion was obtained. In 2011, one more study was undertaken by Harith Jabbar et al. about the antagonistic effect of bacteriocin against urinary catheter associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm, again employing different statistics and equipments but bringing in the same results. This last research work was carried out after the research of Michael John Howard Goldsworthy (2008) and thus established the viability of his research findings. The major reason for the infections of the immune comprising individual monoculture is P. aeruginosa. It is difficult to control the spread of this organism because multiple intrinsics are present in CAUTI and mechanism of antimicrobial resistance has been acquired. The reflection of combination of the resistance mechanism has been done by the multidrug resistance. The common components of the multidrug resistance are the efflux pumps. The prevention of accumulation of antibacterial drugs has been done by the isolation of the P. aeruginosa. The drugs from the cells are being extruded before they get concentrated at the site of the action. MexAB-OprM, MexXY-OprM, MexCD-OprJ, and MexEF-OprN (Poole K, Srikumar R, 2001; Schweizer HP2003) MexAB-OprM and MexXY-OprM are the major efflux system related to P.aeruginosa, which gives its contribution towards the resistance by multidrug. I found this article particularly challenging and my understanding of this topic has significantly been increased after working on this assignment. Medical terminologies are always tough to comprehend but as a writer I strongly believe that I have done justice to this topic and can compete with a decent medical writer. Spelling wise, the words used in these referenced articles were quite unique and tough to spell but I didn’t find it clumsy to spell them correctly and made sure that each word is correct. Grammatically, I haven’t done a single mistake in the entire assignment and do think that no-one will be able to find a single mistake in this report. As far as the referencing part is concerned, I must say I wasn’t too comfortable while doing this part of assignment. Referencing is always understood to be a very tough and tedious task to undertake and I wasn’t the exception in this case.

I have primarily dealt with medical journals and the web-sources which contained medical write-ups on Apoptosis and Survivin on this occasion and found it peculiar to cite them correctly. I consider myself on par with any other writer who finds referencing a tough task to carry out. I have done my best in this article in providing proper referencing and in-text citations and believe this work will stand out against every stipulated criterion. All in all, I’ve carried out this work with utmost dedication and enthusiasm and hope that this essay will be granted without any further hue and cry.

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