Deadline 27 12am

Task

TASK 1: Annotated Bibliography (20%)

1. Write an Annotated Bibliography for your Capstone Topic following a set structure. The Annotated Bibliography is a critical examination of the most relevant, recent and scholarly research on the topic area that is not just a summary of the articles you have read..
2. Use the latest online search tools ( CSU PRIMO, Google Scholar, Online databases) and efficient bibliographic organisers – CSU supports the use of EndNote. (available on iPad). EndNote is a bibliographic citation program, allowing references and footnotes to be translated into a variety of standard formats.
3. As a CSU student you can download and install EndNote X7 for Windows or Mac OS platforms https://online.csu.edu.au/division/dit/software/core.html
4. For Group Work OPTION teams only: Assessment Item 3 Annotated Bibliography is done INDIVIDUALLY by ALL students.
5. Ensure that the AB submitted by you is your own work and has not been submitted elsewhere and comply with the University’s requirements for academic integrity.
6. You can get help in Building and Writing an Annotated Bibliography from Topic 3 in the ITC571 Interact2 site sidebar menu and other study advices and tips from:
a. Study Resources (PDF files to download): http://student.csu.edu.au/study/resources
b. APA style Referencing from http://student.csu.edu.au/study/referencing-at-csu.
c. The CSU Library website for LibGuides in Information Technology, Computing and Mathematics at http://libguides.csu.edu.au/cat.php?cid=66969
d. EndNote Bibliographic software and tutorials LibGuide at http://libguides.csu.edu.au/endnote
7. Review the emerging technology (use internet for journals, conference papers, magazines, news articles, online databases, eBooks) and submit a 12 article Annotated Bibliography on your topic.
8. A good place to start a collection of articles in your review of the literature is via the PRIMO search tool located on the CSU Library website at http://www.csu.edu.au/division/library As an example, the Capstone Topic PRIMO search on a topic like ” near field communication applications” returned the following list of very recent journals, books, conference proceedings and eBooks related to the Topic:

The following questions may be useful while reviewing the topic:

1. What is the new technology?
2. What does it do and what are the special features it has?
3. When is it coming out in the market and how much will it cost?
4. What industry will the new technology affect? (Medical, agricultural, computer, business etc….).
5. In your opinion, will the new technology be beneficial to society? Why or why not.
6. What did you learn from a critical analysis of your sources of information on this new technology?

TASK 2: Originality Report and Questions (5%)

Turnitin is more than a ‘gotcha’ device – it is an effective learning tool:

Because the sophisticated use of sources involves a complex set of research, critical thinking, and writing skills, you should expect to take several years to master them. Turnitin can be a helpful tool in this developmental process. You should use your originality reports as feedback on a first draft so that
you can improve your use of sources before submitting the final draft for marking.

Interpreting the Turnitin Originality Report:

After you submit your draft to Turnitin for self-checking, you should look carefully at the Originality Report so that you can improve on your use of sources. Your essay will be on the left side of the screen, and the matching colour-coded sources will be listed on the right. Then you can make the necessary changes to your essay before you submit the final draft for marking. You need to register with Turnitin to create a Student Account under the CSU Turnitin Licence at
http://www.turnitin.com/login_page.asp

Further information on how to use Turnitin can be found through the following link:
http://student.csu.edu.au/study/plagiarism/checking

1. Generate an originality report and submit this report via EASTS
2. CSU recommends Turnitin at turnitin.com (http://turnitin.com/) for checking originality of content is assessment tasks as described in the Subject Outline and in the Assessment Task where it is required.
3. For this subject if you or your organisation use another similar tool then that is fine to use, but seek approve for it first.
4. One approved alternative to Turnitin is the SEO Tools Plagiarism Checker at http://smallseotools.com/plagiarism-checker/. This is used by several institutions, academics and research students as an alternative to Turnitin.com.
5. Answer the following questions to interpret the originality report. The questions can be found through the following link: http://www.academicinternational.org/teaching/turnitin.pdf
6. Submit your question answers via EASTS.

Review

develops, so will also be demonstrating your advanced communication and academic writing skills in transmitting your capstone experiences and ideas to others.

What does a well constructed annotated bibliography contain?

That is a research topic on its own, however I recommend the list of SIX structural elements below:

1. Interpretation and evaluation of an overview of recent trends in emerging technologies and innovation;
2. Evidence of literature searches and critical analysis of the literature in the chosen capstone topic;
3. Critical reflection and synthesis of complex information, problems, concepts and theories in the chosen topic;
4. Original opinion on the benefits of your capstone project to others;
5. Reflective comments on what was learnt from an article;
6. Use of correct citations and referencing conforming to recognised referencing format: APA style

Task 2 is designed for you to learn the functions of the Turnitin software.

Presentation

The Annotated Bibliography should be presented as a PDF file that includes:

A copy of the 12-article annotated bibliography that contains:

a. Correct grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
b. Citations for all of your sources in correct APA style bibliographic format
c. Annotations (100-150 words) with both description and critical evaluations of each source AND a short explanation of how the resource was located as well as the search used to retrieve relevant materials.
d. Sources in alphabetical order according to author last name.

Turnitin Originality Report should be presented as a PDF file that includes:
1. Summary of the originality Report from Turnitin or SEO Tools Plagiarism Checker
2. Answers questions to interpret the originality report. The questions can be found through the following link: http://www.academicinternational.org/teaching/turnitin.pdf

Task

Prepare a detailed design document for the user interface for your project. Your design document should be based on your Project Requirements and Scope document and your Project Design proposal.

Your design document should include the following sections, as a minimum:

Design overview;
Project scope;
Business and User requirements;
Key assumptions;
Use Cases;
Design process to be used;
Interface Design, including the following sections with justification for use:
1. All screen layouts;
2. All components identified, with justification for their use;
3. Workflow diagrams for major tasks (if required);
4. Use of colour, frames and sections (if required);
5. Help and user assistance functions;
6. Use of icons (if required);
7. User task navigation;
Usability testing and evaluation, including the following sections with justification for use:
1. Evaluation aims;
2. Evaluation methodology;
3. Test audience selection and ethical considerations;
4. Evaluation experiments;
5. Analysis methodology and procedures.

This is the final design for your project so all the sections in the document should be complete in all
detail.

Your design document should not exceed ~25 pages in length, excluding references. You will need to reference all literature, applications and websites using the APA 6th edition referencing style.
Rationale

This assignment assesses a student’s ability to:

Critically examine and interpret the principles of design that are applicable to the design of an interface;
Critically examine and evaluate a user interface design to determine if it meets a given set of requirements;
Interpret, analyse and evaluate usability testing results to plan interface design improvements;

Presentation

Table of Contents

Design Overview.. 3

Project Scope. 3

Business and User Requirements. 3

Key Assumptions. 3

Design Process. 3

Interface Design. 3

Success Criteria. 3

Usability Testing and Evaluation. 3

Design Overview

Project Scope

Business and User Requirements

Key Assumptions

Use Cases

<list all the main use cases including details of:

Description
Example
Actors
Stakeholders
Pre-conditions
Post-conditions
Triggers
Flow of events
Business rules

This can be listed in either table or dot-point format>

Design Process

Interface Design

< Here you need to have the following sub-sections on Interface Design, including the justification for use:

All screen layouts;
All components identified, with justification for their use;
Workflow diagrams for major tasks (if required);
Use of colour, frames and sections;
Help and user assistance functions;
Use of icons;
User task navigation;

You will need to provide:

Full details for each section including wireframes, screen shots or any other details required so that the reader can clearly understand the design. Each component must be labelled and there should be a brief discussion of the justification for use. This must be referenced to the literature.
You should also discuss how your design meets your user requirements and objectives. This can be done as a list, a table or even a requirements matrix. I’d suggest a table in the document as it’s much cleaner and easier to control.>

Success Criteria

Usability Testing and Evaluation

<How are you going to evaluate the design when it is finished? Here you need to outline your evaluation plan and how you will analyse the results. You will need to include the following sub-sections:

Evaluation aims;
Evaluation methodology;
Test audience selection and ethical considerations;
Evaluation experiments;
Analysis methodology and procedures.

This must be a full plan and should contain enough details that the plan itself can be evaluated for completeness and appropriateness. A list of steps is acceptable but it must include both some explanatory text and justification for use. The analysis methodology can be merely sketched out a series of steps. >

You must also include your references in APA format, as per Faculty of Business requirements, on the last page.

My Previous assignment

1. Updated Project Brief

The state museum authority holds a few presentations of their permanent and temporary collection of artifacts. The historical center tracks data about their changeless data. Recently the historical center authority has planned to give some interactive media based stage to give data about their accumulations to the guests of exhibitions. Along these lines, they have planned to give some tablets to their guests. The tablet will have some pre-characterized way that might be followed by the clients to visit a presentation. On the other hand, a client can choose some arbitrary way. Hence, there will be intuitive guide based backing to meander around a show. In addition, the tablet will be utilized to give data about the things on a display. A client can scan for a specific thing too. The tablet ought to give data about the areas of things and offices. There ought to be backing in the tablet to decide shortest course to something from the present position of the client. Furthermore, there ought to be assistance for numerous dialects and clients of all age groups. Outlining interfaces for the tablets ought to cover every one of the necessities expressed previously (Clifton 2013). This project is about outlining appropriate client interfaces for the tablets that will assist clients in an exhibition.

Guests will get an improving and interactive media based experience while going by an affair. They will have a tablet and sight and sound based direction in a presentation. The tablets with preloaded applications will be useful in discovering course through a show, finding a thing, finding an office and so on. Everything is only a couple “touches” ahead. The tablets will be a virtual IT based companion and manual for a guest in a display.

In this project, just the interface designs will be finished. The functionalities of the tablets have been already proposed. The scope of this project is restricted to the design of tablet interfaces just taking into account the functionalities and necessities proposed by the administration of state exhibition hall. There is no scope of recommending any new usefulness however; there is full extension to outline some inventive and exceptional tablet interface plan.

1.1 Objectives, Outputs and Targets

The objectives of the project are to plan better and more productive client interfaces for the tablets. The interfaces ought to have the capacity to give functionalities like skimming to a thing, searching down a thing, office, administration at the exhibition hall, simple to explore interfaces and so on (Ray et al. 2012). The Outputs ought to be usable interface plans for various gatherings of clients including old individuals and youngsters, individuals talking distinctive dialects.

The target of the project is to meet all necessities of the state gallery power from the interface plans. The intended interest group of the undertaking are the general population from various foundation like understudies, people, old individuals and so forth the interface plans ought to be basic and proficient for all.

The results from the project will be –

Designs of tablet interfaces including buttons, tooltips, content, hyperlinks, slide displays and other varying media support
Designs for multi-dialect support

1.2 Success Criteria

The achievement criteria of the task are,

Successful accomplishment of the project within estimated time and budget
Meeting of all requirements expected from the interface designs
Successful resource, risk and change administration during the project
Defining the project scope in a well planned manner so that there is no creep of scope during the project.
Conducting thorough ease of use testing techniques and procedures, rolling out improvements on interface designs until the ease of use scores are adequate

Following assumptions have been taken for this project,

The undertaking is just centered on design parts of the interface.
No specialized of practical points of interest of the interfaces will be considered.
Cost is not a variable.
Performance criteria are just interface ease of use, utilization of processing assets like power, memory, CPU cycles have not been considered.
The tablets will be utilized for pre-characterized purposes only. Those will not be utilized as a part of some other works like calling, surfing web and so on.
6. The interfaces will be intelligent.

2. Project Design Proposal

2.1 Design Aims

The project is centered on outlining tablet interfaces for the application required by the state museum. This section presents the prerequisites of this project. The authority of state museum has officially sketched out necessities from the project to design interface. Currently the authority of state museum has ended up keen on planning a tablet-based application that will give data about things and displays guide a guest through a presentation, let a client peruse through things and so on.

In this project, the design of the interfaces will be created focusing on the accompanying configuration points:

It needs to search the facility for things, administrations, and offices at exhibition hall. Seek choice on interface plan needs procurements for searching a thing in an exhibition, searching down offices like exhibition hall store, nourishment store, stopping, washroom and so forth. Guests’ needs to get some guide based course to find these offices and things.
Each thing of an exhibition ought to be given satisfactory data to the client. Data around a thing may incorporate pictures of thing, portrayal of a thing, history of thing and a guide finding the position of presentation of a thing.
The historical center orchestrates more than one display in a year. The presentations may have distinctive things and diverse topics. Shading plan, foundation of the tablet application ought to have reliable shading plan and foundations coordinating with the subject of a display.
Target gatherings of people of the application are individuals from various age bunches. For instance, there will be undergrads and senior individuals keen on a display. The plans of interfaces ought to be suitable for both.
There are individuals who have constrained comprehension of English dialect or individuals whose local dialect is unique in relation to English. So the content depicting a thing, its history or on screen directions on the best way to utilize the application, all ought to utilize straightforward and compact English portrayal. There ought not to be many specialized points of interest. It ought to be justifiable by individuals at the primary spot.
People ought not to confront any trouble while utilizing the application, exploring through the screens and so on.

2.2 Outline of the Proposed Design

Tablet gadgets are not the same as conventional PC and cell phones. While outlining interfaces for tablet gadgets, the principal thing ought to be considered, is the screen size and format of screen. Various researches have demonstrated that individuals tend to utilize horizontal swipe more than vertical swipe when they utilize tablet interfaces. As the depictions of things are prone to be picture situated basically, so this study makes a difference. The design will be utilized as “Merry go round”, on the grounds that looks into have demonstrated that individuals lean toward this format on tablet interface (Patterson and Hennessy 2013). There is a connection with level swiping with client inclination on “merry go round” format. Since merry go round naturally support even swiping. The headings will be clear and it will help clients to discover a thing speedier. Client can look through same line or segment effortlessly. In this way, it helps clients to filter a screen with next to no eye development. Logically this format is relieving for eyes of clients.

Next concern is the inquiry interface. There are two sorts of quests. Clients may search for things or office and administrations. It will be better if these two inquiry alternatives are given distinctive interfaces. At that point, individuals will have the capacity to discover a thing or an administration clearly and they will not be perplexed (Sangiorgi, Beuvens and Vanderdonckt 2012). There will be a screen requesting determination for both of things or office and administrations. In the event that a client chooses thing, then a list of things will be open. Things can be sorted in view of prevalence; rating and so on, the highest point of the inventory there will be a quest interface to look for an arbitrary thing.

In a item portrayal screen, there will be an clear picture of the thing, then there will be possibilities for survey depiction, noteworthy estimations of thing, listening to sound portrayal, seeing slideshow of different pictures and recordings of that thing. A client can choose any of these choices. There will be additionally a guide for finding the thing in the exhibition. Besides that if, a client taps on the map alternative then it will be extended. At that point the client will have the capacity to find the thing on map, his/her shortest separation from the thing and guided course to the thing. Similarly, if an office is chosen then little depiction of that office and a guide for area of the office will be appeared. On the map-based interface, it will manage a client similarly; it can control a client for a thing (Antle and Wise 2013). The authority of the museum will have the capacity to set diverse shading plan and subjects for an exhibition they are leading. It will help a client to feel more associated with an exhibition.

Map based functionalities will help a client to visit a presentation in a composed route inside shorter period. There is no need to trace items by themselves thus, they will fell more energetic and eager as well as can appreciate the exhibition in a better way. Typography, symbols and so on will be straightforward and effortlessly justifiable (Akana et al. 2013). Clients will have simple route through the screens. There will be utilization of offices like ‘Back to home’, next’, “past” and so on.

2.3 Proposed Evaluation Methods

Assessment of the interface composed will consider a few angles, criteria and rules for accommodating the ease of use, client experience and satisfaction of client necessities by the interface plans. There are different techniques for checking convenience and client encounters. Some of those have been proposed here for this project:

Usability testing will see how end clients are finding the application valuable for their motivation. Here the fundamental reason for the application is to give a stage to the client with the goal that they can peruse through things in a presentation. Furthermore, scan for offices and administrations at the historical center, and have some direction through an exhibition. Thus, ease of use testing will concentrate on end clients and will request their input about how they are feeling about the application and the interfaces of the application (Hobbs et al. 2014). A few zones to give stress while gathering inputs are:

Aesthetic of the interfaces
Consistency in outline, format, and shading plan, typography and so on
Use of symbols, catches and the significance of the same with the connection
Text based depictions of the things whether the writings are straightforward and not all that much specialized
Navigability among the screens on the interface
Relevancy and coherency of the outline parts and the connections those are utilized

User acknowledgment testing will comprehend engagement of clients with the segments utilized on the screens.

Recording execution of clients while utilizing the interface can help as a part of seeing how they are “feeling” about the designs. This include whether they can perform their tasks effectively as well as whether the designs are sufficiently natural to provide the necessities of a general client and so on (Longay et al. 2012). Recording execution can be considered as recording the time a client taking to tap on a symbol or catch, time a client is spending while selecting a choice, how often clients are hitting the right choice for the right errand and so forth.

The completion of the usability testing methods will lead to interpretation of results and study thoroughly. It will comprehend the outcome and conceivable changes that are required in the interface design.

Emerging Technologies and Innovation: NFC technology

Name of the Student:

Name of the University:

Author’s note

Table of Contents

Abstract 2

Introduction. 3

Research Issues. 3

Annotated Bibliography. 4

Conclusion. 13

References. 14

Abstract

The report discuses the concepts and importance of Near Field Communication (NFC) technology used in Smart Grid Communication Network (SGCN). A smart grid is wireless networks that can self capable to respond according to the alterations and requirements of the individual appliances. The report has also discussed the potential benefits of SCGN that can be used in developing reliable and fast communication systems. The report has discussed the working mechanism and application of NFC technology in detail. NFC is short range communication process that takes place between two NFC enabled devices. NFC is more secure, reliable and fast communication compared with Bluetooth and Wi-Fi communications. Due to these features, it is increasingly used in medical, military, cellular devices and social purposed such as in tourism. It is gaining popularity in mobile communication in the form of contactless payment options, creating smart tags and QR codes. This eliminates the use of user inputs and speeds up the communication between two devices securely. In addition, because of these endless possibilities a lot of research and development activities are being carried out to develop more robust and reliable communication technology and infrastructure is being developed to allow full scale integration of NFC in near future. The global market for NFC enabled technology is increasing at a huge pace due to simplicity of technology wide array of applications in diverse fields.

Introduction

The purpose of this report is to understand the concepts on new emerging technologies in the communication field. For the purpose of this report the emerging topic selected is Near Field Technology (NFC). NFC is a short range and wireless communication technology that takes place between NFC enabled devices. The unique aspect of this technology is that it is self capable of adjusting to the altercations and provides better monitoring of the individual devices. The report discusses the application of NFC technology, overview of the market of NFC technology and various research issues for future development in this field.

Research Issues

NFC is an emerging technology and because of diverse applications of it in varied sectors a lot of research is being undertaken in this field. Some of the research issues in this field are –

Development of quality service mechanism in NFC context
Full integration of NFC technology with different Operating Systems
Development of dynamic NFC tags that enables dynamic data rather than static NFC tags
Analysis of power saving and power consumption issues
Design optimization to enable high bandwidth policy
Development of user interface for cellular hardware and software integration

Annotated Bibliography

Ho, Q., Gao, Y., Rajalingham, G., & Le-Ngoc, T. (2014). Wireless communications networks for the smart grid.

The article highlights an inclusive evaluation of network architecture and communication technologies used in smart grid communication network (SGCN). A smart grid as discussed in the article comprises of a wireless networks, solar panels and a load controller. A smart grid is a computerized electricity delivery system illustrated by bi-directional flow of electricity and information that is self-capable to respond according to alterations in everything ranging from power plants to customer inclination to individual devices. The cordless communications networks for smart grid presents communication network architects and engineering components that provides with valuable and proved proposition to successfully implement the SGCN. The article has discussed the strengths, weaknesses and applications of two promising wireless mesh routing protocols that could be used to implement the SGCN. The articles has discussed in order to achieve potential benefits of smart grids is to develop successful SGCN. Packaged communication reliability, latency, and robustness of these two protocols are evaluated and compared by simulations in various practical SGCN situations. The article has also discussed the technical difficulties and available research opportunities of the SGCN are addressed. The article presents an insight into SGCN by discussing its layered architecture, representative types of traffics as well as various types of communication technologies that can be used for SGCN implementation. Further, the article also discusses networking problems that the Neighbor Area Network (NAN) segment of SGCN need to undertake by exploring characteristics and requirements of this network segment as well as identifying crucial gaps that existing wireless routing protocols need to cover for their applicability into NAN.

Gopichand, G., Chaitnaya, T., & Kumar, R. (2013). Near Field Communication and Its Applications in Various Fields. International Journal Of Engineering Trends And Technology, 4(4), 1305-1309.

The article has discussed the concepts of Near Field Communication (NFC) technology that is employed short-range communications and has its applications in diverse fields like military, medical, cellular handsets, cultural and tourism. The article has discussed NFC as standard for wireless communication that helps to set up short-range radio transmission connection between two compatible devices in a very short time. The connection using NFC is more secure and can be used for varied purposes, for instance, in contactless payment systems, credit cards, and mobile payment systems. The article has presented the example to understand the mechanism of NFC as it works on the principle of inductive coupling.

The article has further discussed the advantages and applications of NFC. The various advantages of NFC are summarized as; it is more secure as it allows communication only between two device when brought together in close proximity, thereby, eliminating the interference of third party. It also saves the time in communication, as there is no requirement of swiping cards, entering passwords and selecting from the menu making the process more flexible and accessible. Other advantages include speed of establishing connection, ability to work on versatile platforms, as it does not require battery or external electrical connection and flexibility of communication.

The article has discussed the applications of NFC in medical field as various implantable medical devices, heart rate monitoring devices and biomedical monitoring. In military, it is used for cordless communication that is more secure and reliable than Bluetooth or Wi-Fi devices. Application of NFC technology with smart phone can be used for directing and providing information to tourists.

Holiday, E., Harrison, L., & Mcleod, S. (2009). Listening to children with communication impairment talking through their drawings. Journal Of Early Childhood Research, 7(3), 244-263.

The article has discussed the issues of communication for children with communication impairments. The article presents drawings as an alternative to communicate with such children; the critical aspects of the article are the application of drawings as a means of respectfully listening to children, approaches to understand and analyze children’s drawings and developing a communication with the help of drawings for children with communication impairments.

The article has discussed the importance of developing direct communication with the children to understand their perspective of the world and not relying on adult’s accounts for understanding children’s attitudes and experiences. The article further discusses that in order to understand children’s psyche listening to their ideas and experiences are important. However, getting the required narratives from children’s can be a difficult task and use of children friendly research techniques are required; one such method is the use of drawings a as communication medium to communicate with children.

The article has further discussed the importance of non-verbal communication over verbal communications as an effective way to understand children perspectives. The various approaches to analyze the children drawings are the developmental understanding of children’s drawings to determine their intellectual maturity, other approach is to comprehend psychological meanings portrayed in children’s drawings, and the third approach is to realize the how children make sense of world around them by visual representations.

The article describes use of drawings for children with communication impairments and applying right approaches to analyze their drawings and deriving meanings from their drawings. It is important to pay more attention to facial expressions, prominence of body parts, portrayal of talking/listening, colors used, conversational partners, and sense of self to derive correct meaning of their drawings and their view of the world around them.

Badurowicz, M. & Lukasik, E. (2014). NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION IN MOBILE APPLICATIONS. ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ECONOMIICS, 2(152), 450-453.

The article has discussed the important concepts of Near Field Communication (NFC) and its use in mobile applications. NFC is based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags and provides short range and bi directional communications used in different scenarios such as Bluetooth pairing devises, developing mobile based applications, and device to device connectivity activated through proximity of the devices.

The article also discusses the application of NFC in various platforms and devices such as Google, Blackberry, Apple, Microsoft’s operating systems and devices such as smart phones, tabs and laptops. The NFC is used increasingly in mobile payments by the use of specifically designed applications and insures integrity and security of information. The article also discusses the possibility of using NFC passive tags that is powered when the phone is being physically tapped with tag in smart posters as is used in QR codes. This can be used in special circumstances where minimum user input is required. On the other hand NFC can also be used in automatic configuration of mobile tags by changing device behavior when tapping or sending additional information from passive things from the world and finally sharing contents via NFC as one of the most interesting possibilities of this technology.

Sklovsky, V., & Buhot, T. (2012). U.S. Patent No. 8,229,354. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

The article discussed the patent file submitted by Motorola Mobility Inc. to the Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trade Marks. The article discusses the invention that relates to electronic devices using Near Field Communication (NFC). Some mobiles today are equipped with NFC technology such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) circuits, infrared communication circuits and the like. With the help of devices powered by NFC technology, an individual can use virtual cards instead of traditional currency, cards or tickets. For instance use of virtual wallets for payments by the use of NFC based mobile applications.

The article has discussed the peculiarities of the patent application developed by Motorola and discusses the advantages of using NFC technology under the present invention. The application developed by Motorola termed as application discovery manager consists of a message forwarding module that transmit an application discovery message from the default execution environment to other one or more execution environments. The articles explains that the application discovery manager and the protocol discovery manager is designed in such a way to allow the device to transmit or switch configuration message to the NFC circuit controller to direct the interface from one application to other applications.

Research, M., Equipment, H., Trends, W., & Near Field Communication Market (Products; Applications) Global Industry Analysis, 2. (2016). Near Field Communication Market (By Products; By Applications) Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast, 2013 – 2019 – market research report. Reportlinker.com. Retrieved 26 April 2016, from http://www.reportlinker.com/p02294110-summary/Near-Field-Communication-NFC-Market-By-Products-NFC-Controller-ICs-chips-NFC-Tags-NFC-Readers-and-NFC-Secure-Elements-By-Applications-Payments-Ticketing-Booking-Data-Sharing-Services-Authentication-and-Access-Control-Healthcare-Games-an.html

The article has discussed the concepts of Near Field Communication (NFC) that is a cordless technology and primarily used in cellular phones and personal computers for data transfer and transactions in short range. It is based on RFID technology and emerged as a more power method for short range communication methods like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and radio protocols. Other advantage of NFC is that it is more secure and flexible over other short-range wireless communication technologies.

The article has discussed global industry analysis of near field communication market in context of size, share, growth, trends and forecasts for a period of 2013 to 2019. The market of NFC is continuously growing due simplicity of using NFC technology and broad array of applications in diverse sectors. The market of NFC is classified into NFC controller chip sets, NFC tags, NFC readers, and NFC secure elements. The rise of various NFC based products is increasing due to increasing popularity of contactless payments across the globe and in the near future the NFC technology is expected to replace physical payments cards.

As per the data presented in the article the shipment for NFC supported cellular device was 254.5 million units in 2013 and expected to grow in the coming years. In addition, the use of NFC enabled devices at point of sale, transportation systems across the globe have increased. A lot of research is being undertaken, and infrastructure is being developed to allow full-scale integration of NFC in the near future. The report provides a complete insight on market data, including the size and growth of the NFC market. The report also provides meticulous analysis of emerging industry trends and current state of the market.

Qi, X. & Chen, G. (2012). METHOD AND NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION NETWORK FOR SHARING DATA AND APPLICATIONS IN THE NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION NETWORK. HT Media Ltd.

The article has discussed the method and near field communication network for data sharing and its application strategies. The method of data sharing in near field comprises of interaction between client end and a server end that has established short range near field communication. The client end collects and displays the information from the server end supported data files. As soon as server end authenticates client’s identification and established secure connection, the client’s request is processed and desired data is transmitted to the client’s end. The article further discuses the flexibility of the near field communication network that can be expanded and replicated by other platforms and devices.

Sarmenta, L. F. (2014). U.S. Patent No. 8,764,571. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

The article has discussed the method, apparatus, and computer program developed using Near Field Communication technology on a communication device. The article discusses the use of Near Field technology in mobile gaming and development of applications for virtual worlds. Additionally, with the adoption of NFC technology a game kit can be developed that allows non expert players to easily play a number of games without having to buy new hardware or NFC cards.

Further, the article has discussed that with the help of NFC a user can develop an understanding of virtual world of an electronic game or application by tapping the communication device within the proximity of one or more NFC tags. One of the main aspect of utilizing NFC based communication is the detection of previously detected data via NFC. The method may further include translating the received data to relate to at least one item of virtual data corresponding to electronic game. The article has also discussed that the invention may provide gaming users with better experience and by utilizing NFC to quickly, securely, and reliably customize electronic games and interactive applications in order to enhance customer experience.

Naniyat, A., Arunan, T., & Won, E. T. (2014). U.S. Patent Application No. 14/229,112.

The article discusses the patent developed for the Samsung, utilizing Near Field Communication (NFC) technology. The patent allows the management of data in short range communication; in particular, the patent allows management of data across multiple devices and applications in NFC. The article has discussed the mobiles, laptops and other electronic devices uses short-range communication either through wired networks or through wireless networks. However, these devices can utilize NFC to meet its short-range communication needs that is more secure, fast and flexible.

The article has discussed the short range communication can be established by electronic devices as soon as they are placed in close proximity to each other. NFC enabled communication devices can operate in different operating systems. NFC communication device can work on three different modes. The major parts of NFC communication device operation include NFC Controller, Devise Host, and removable entities. The main aspect of this patent is to provide a method and system to efficiently manage operations associated with multiple applications in NFC Controllers.

Brown, A. (2011). Chattering Voices: Activating Stories in Riverina Museum Collections (Doctoral dissertation, Charles Sturt University).

This article has expressed the concepts of museum objects and collections in storytelling techniques. The Riverina museum has been examined in relation with the objects and the collections dating back from the mid 19^th century to the late 20^th century. The Riverina museum has used agriculture, commerce, transport, education, entertainment and World War I and II as theme. The research has been conducted for gathering and reconnecting the relevant artifacts and collections. The dialogue of local history has been exposed due to the examination of those artifacts and their associated stories. It has been observed that the similar collections have been spread across the Australia. The Riverina counterparts have been spread across Australia and settlement has been made in those regions.

In addition, the article has also discussed the narratives of Australian scholar and historian Christopher Healy in near field communication of local places, events and key industries. It has been highlighted in the article that the small town of Silverton is an example of such communication system. The reconnections of historical stories and objectives have been made by the older people. The old members of the society have been considered as living treasurers. In reality, the contribution of artifacts, official texts, unofficial texts, and both oral and written reminiscences would reconstruct the lives of ordinary people.

Finkenzeller, K. (2003). Fundamental Operating Principles. RFID Handbook: Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards, Radio Frequency Identification and near-Field Communication, Third Edition, 29-59.

This article has discussed the issues of the contactless communication system such as smart cards, radio frequency identification and near field communication. The basic interaction generally takes place between transponder and reader. In the Half Duplex process (HDX), the transfer of the data from transponder to the reader alternates with the transfer of data from the reader to transponder. It has been observed that the transponder to the reader is considered as an up-link and it took place in the transferring process of data.

On the other hand, the Full Duplex process( FDX), is a process of transfer of data from the transponder to the reader which takes place at the same time as the data transfer from the reader to the transponder (down link). It has been noticed that the transmission of data and power from the reader to the data carrier alternatives with data transfer from the transponder to the reader. The data have been arranged in a sequential procedure.

Conclusion

From the above discussion, it can be concluded that NFC is an emerging technology that has wide range of applications in diverse sectors such as medical, tourism, cellular communication and military. NFC is based on the peer to peer communication that takes place between two devices when placed in close proximity to each other. The future of this technology is promising and the market is growing rapidly. In addition, various researches are being undertaken in this field to enable the technology to be used in various sectors where data security, reliability and speed of communication are required.

References

Badurowicz, M. & Lukasik, E. (2014). NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION IN MOBILE APPLICATIONS. ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ECONOMIICS, 2(152), 450-453.

Brown, A. (2011). Chattering Voices: Activating Stories in Riverina Museum Collections (Doctoral dissertation, Charles Sturt University).

Finkenzeller, K. (2003). Fundamental Operating Principles. RFID Handbook: Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards, Radio Frequency Identification and near-Field Communication, Third Edition, 29-59.

Gopichand, G., Chaitnaya, T., & Kumar, R. (2013). Near Field Communication and Its Applications in Various Fields. International Journal Of Engineering Trends And Technology, 4(4), 1305-1309.

Ho, Q., Gao, Y., Rajalingham, G., & Le-Ngoc, T. (2014). Wireless communications networks for the smart grid.

Holiday, E., Harrison, L., & Mcleod, S. (2009). Listening to children with communication impairment talking through their drawings. Journal Of Early Childhood Research, 7(3), 244-263.

Naniyat, A., Arunan, T., & Won, E. T. (2014). U.S. Patent Application No. 14/229,112.

Qi, X. & Chen, G. (2012). METHOD AND NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION NETWORK FOR SHARING DATA AND APPLICATIONS IN THE NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION NETWORK. HT Media Ltd.

Sarmenta, L. F. (2014). U.S. Patent No. 8,764,571. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Sklovsky, V., & Buhot, T. (2012). U.S. Patent No. 8,229,354. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

use presentation format for assignment strictly

Task

Write a business report based on the following:

Two airlines have decided to merge their business.

Wombat Airlines is a full service airline flying to 23 international destinations and 40 domestic locations. It prides itself for on-time flights, excellent service and a fleet of new Skycraft aircraft (less than 6 years old) – each capable of carrying 300 passengers. 70% of its sales come through tour operators and travel agents.

Koala Airlines is a low-cost carrier flying to 20 international destinations and 35 domestic cities. Its strengths include low priced flights and on time service. It takes advantage of late hour departures and arrivals (between 12 midnight and 6am). Its online booking system is excellent. Its fleet consist of a fleet of Skycraft aircraft each capable of carrying 300 passengers.

Senior management has finalised on the following decisions:

1. The combined company Wombat-Koala Airlines will retain all existing all staff, aircraft type, flight schedules and destinations. It has been determined that current scheduling does not conflict. Wombat’s aging system is to be merged into the Koala advanced system.

2. Wombat-Koala will begin service as a premium based low-cost carrier (low cost fare but passenger can pay for everything else: seating, baggage, drinks, meals, inflight entertainment, WiFi in the air and even carry-on luggage to first-to-board previlege). It will move to low-cost carrier terminals where available.

3. Travel bookings is available primarily online with a service charge of 15% if booked through an agent, third party website operator (eg. popular airline ticket site) or tour operator. It will become a very hi-tech connected company with 24 hour, 7 day telephone and web support but no face-to-face customer support.

Write a business report outlining the above case, stating assumptions you make at the beginning of your report. Provide critique into the management decisions substantiating with reference to literature. In your report, make the difference between Information Systems (IS) and Information Technology (IT) issues and how it will affect customer choice, continued patronage, brand loyalty, etc. Suggest how to attract new customers (from competitors) and any other new business opportunities that may arise with such a set up (eg. Premium Lounge services, Limo Pickup from Home/Office, etc.). All these should be substantiated with references to IS and IT literature.

Rationale
Students will :

be able to critique management processes and involvement in planning for Information Systems and Information Technology in an organisation;

be able to identify and co-relate emerging technology issues in management and provide a short balanced analysis report.

Make sure following points use for Presentation otherwise marks will be deducted

Business report format
Readers of business reports expect certain information to be in certain places. They do not expect to search for what they want and the harder you make it for them the more likely they are to toss your report to one side and ignore it. So what should you do?
1. Follow the generally accepted format for a business report: Title/Table of Contents, Executive Summary, Introduction, Main Body, Conclusions, Recommendations and Reference List.

2. Organise your information within each section in a logical fashion with the reader in mind, usually putting things in order of priority – most important first.

Report Title/Table of Contents. This is simply the front cover page identifying the report and a Table of Contents page showing each key section of the report and the page number where it can be found in the report.

Executive Summary. Give a clear and very concise account of the main points, main conclusions and main recommendations. Keep it very short, a few percent of the total length. Some people, especially senior managers, may not read anything else so write as if it were a stand-alone document. It isn’t but for some people it might as well be. Keep it brief and free from jargon so that anyone can understand it and get the main points. Write it last, but do not copy and paste from the report itself; that rarely works well.

Introduction. This is the first part of the report proper. Use it to paint the background to ‘the problem’ and to show the reader why the report is important to them. Then explain how the details that follow are arranged. Write it in plain English.

Main Body. This is the heart of your report, the facts. It will probably have several sections or sub-sections each with its own subtitle. It is unique to your report and will describe what you discovered about ‘the problem’.
These sections are most likely to be read by experts so you can use some appropriate jargon but explain it as you introduce it. Arrange the information logically, normally putting things in order of priority — most important first. In fact, follow that advice in every section of your report.

Conclusion. Present the logical conclusions of your investigation of ‘the problem’. Bring it all together and maybe offer options for the way forward. Many people will read this section. Write it in plain English.
Recommendations. What do you suggest should be done? Don’t be shy; you did the work so state your recommendations in order of priority, and in plain English.

References. As your business report must be academically sound as well as making good business sense, it is essential that your report is supported by accurate in-text referencing and the inclusion of a reference list. Although some business reports in the workplace do not require full referencing (and some students may be used to this), it is a requirement in the academic environment. This is equitable for all students.

IT-Management Issues

Name of the student:

Name of the university:

Author’s Note:

Executive Summary:

This assignment is about the ecommerce business development of the two companies Wombat and Koala. The two companies are popular airline companies. In order to achieve the desired goal of the business, the information systems of the two companies will be merged together. The information system of Wombat is old and Koala’s information system is updated. The merged system will be helpful for achieving the desired output from the business. The tools of information technology associated with the internet facility will be used in the information system of the company. The new joint venture of the company has the aim of providing the best quality services in the most affordable price range. The company may face some problems regarding the infrastructure development, investment and the employee management. The issues may be solved by the discussed recommendation of this report.

Table of Contents

Introduction: 3

Need of an information system: 4

Information system and information technology: 4

Conclusion: 8

Recommendation: 9

References: 11

Introduction:

The business operations in the present era have become very complicated. In order to handle the complex operations, use of the tools of Information Technology have became essential. The Information systems are helping the modern business organizations to organize all the necessary business operations through a single platform of the computer technology. In the present area, only the computer technology is not enough for handling all the operations, especially the communication operations. In this context, the use of the internet technology is must. In general the information system is related to the use of the information technology but there are few differences between the advantages and issues face by the business organizations are quite different. In this paper, use of the information system and information technology and the associated issues will be analyzed for understanding the potential impact of the technologies in the modern business world (Ariyani et al. 2015). This report is about the use of information system for the collaborative business of Wombat Airlines and Koala Airlines. Both the two airline companies are well established business organization and have a good reputation in the target market. These two organizations are trying to introduce the joint venture in the airline industry. The combine business strategy will require an effective level of management of the employees and all the business operations (Chen and Teng 2013). The need of an information system for handling this situation will be represented in this report. The potential advantages of the new system n the business operations and the serious issues that will be faced by them at the time of development and operating will also be discussed in this report.

Need of an information system:

The two companies are two different companies in the airline industries. They have their different types of management styles. They are operating in different types of information systems for handling the business operations. This will not possible to handle all the required operations and information manually or through the stand alone computer systems (Einav et al. 2014). It is also not possible to change the total scenario of the business operations by jointing all the operations and employee management schemes of the two organizations. In this context, the companies have to merge some of the operations to achieve the desired goal of the joint venture. In order to do that, the companies need one single system, which will be able to maintain all the required information of the two companies, their employees, business operations, customer details. It has been found that the merging of the Wombat’s system into the advances system of Koala will be able to resolve the conflict issue. The system will be able to handle the joint operations of the two companies with a lot of advance facilities. The customers will be able to book their tickets in the flights of the new Wombat-Koala airlines through the online platform. There will be a charge of 15% extra amount if booked through agents or any third party website. The new company will available for giving 24×7 customer services through the website and telephone. Face to face service will not be provided to the customers. Therefore, it is clear that the total business operations will be highly technology oriented.

Information system and information technology:

Information technology and information system are used as the similar meaning in common. Literally, it can be said the information system is a subset of the information technology. Information system is consisting of people, process and machines of the information technology. The process and machines are referred to the computer systems and related other technical equipments (Harris et al. 2012). The information systems give the power of using the tolls of the information technology for optimizing the normal business operations in the most efficient way. Therefore it can be said that the new joint company will use the information system for using the facilities of the advance information technology. The processes that will be used for handling the business operations are related to the tools of information technology. All the operations will be operated through the computer systems which are the basics of the information technology use. The system will be a software which will be developed through the optimization of the tools of the information technology. The business will be operated through the online platform. The company will use the online platform for promoting and operating the business operations. At present, the common people have become very busy in their working life. Therefore, they have very little amount of time for choosing the required products or services by going to door shop of the companies. Because of this issue, the online market has been so popular in the recent years. The company will utilize this scenario for a high level of marketing and efficient handling of the business operations., in the new system, the customers will be able book the tickets through the online portal of the company. Some more services will be introduced in the new business scheme of the company through the use of the new information system merged with the internet technology. They will provide the premium lounge service through which the customers will be able to get some extra enjoyment facilities at the time of waiting for the flights or checking time. The company will also start the service of picking the customers by Limo. These services are the basic s of improving the brand image and the ability of attracting the customers. However, for incorporating these in the business, use of the information system is essential (Hashim 2015). Lots of information is required for organizing the operations, providing the facilities and engaging employees for the operations. All the information should be stored in a single database. The simple database management system of the information technology is not sufficient for handling the high amount of data. Special customized software in the form of information system is required for this (Huang and Benyoucef 2013).

The systems and infrastructure that will be used in the company are the information technology tools. The origin of this is the invention of the computer systems, the special software which will be used by the company will be the information systems. The origin of this is the drawing the pre-mechanical thoughts of the developers. The requirements of the company will be used for the development of the information system. In this case, the information system of Wombat and Koala both has their own information system, but these cannot be used individually in the joint venture. Therefore, the systems will be merged together. In order to do that, the requirements of the new business criteria have to be understood by the company. Information technology is such an area which is improving everyday and new facilities are added to the use of the technical tools (Benlian et al. 2012). The system of Wombat is old and will not be sufficient to handle the essential operations effectively. On the other hand the system of the Koala is advance. The merged system will be sufficient for the desired outcome of the system. In order to get the sustainable competitive advantages, the company has to ensure that they are providing the most suitable and efficient services to their customers. In this context, the company needs to fulfill the requirements of the customers at the top level. In this context, the online platform will help them to get the feedbacks of the customers. The online portal of the company will be connected to the information system of the company. Al, the relevant information will be stored in the database of the system. The information will be used to take the decisions regarding the business operations. In order to do this, some improvements will be required in the merged information system (Dutta et al. 2014).

The first issue which will be faced by the company will be the extra money required for the modification of the joint system. This will be done by the IT experts or developer team. In order to maintain the system properly, the developer should understood the new requirements at the very first moment. This can be done in two ways; one is providing the responsibilities to a third party It service providers and the second way is to hire a team of It experts by the company. Although this will require an initial level of investment, the system will be efficient enough to increase the sale of the company which will be able to ensure a lot of profitability. The company has the aim of supplying the best possible services in most affordable prices. This will help them to attract more customers. However, the target customers of the company should be aware about this fact (Beaudreau et al. 2012). The online business of the company will help them to do it. There is another big issue that will be faced by the company, which are the operations of the system. The employees are familiar with the old systems. They have to be familiar with the new system. This problem can be resolved by providing a short training to the employees who will be responsible for operating the system. As both the companies are familiar with using the information system, they have the required IT infrastructure in their work places. In this area they will not face any serious issues except some new equipment in the network. 24 hours customer service will be provided through the system of the company. In order to do that, they will need to update the systems accordingly. The employee management procedure will also have to be improved and new features will be added for the new 24 hours support. This will be done by updating some special features to the information system of the company (Hartono et al. 2013).

Conclusion:

The joint venture of Wombat and Koala company will be profitable of the business. There will be a lot of new facilities for attracting more customers and increasing their profit level. In the new business concept they will use the ecommerce platform for conducting the business operations. In order to conduct all the business operations in an appropriate manner, the use of information technology tools is essential. It has been found that both the organizations were already using the information system in their business operations. As the area of the information technology is updating daily, the company needs to use the latest technology in their system. In this context, the system used by Koala was latest and the system of Wombat was quite old. It has been decided that the component of Wombat’s old system will be incorporated with the newer version system of Koala. All the business operations and the employee management operations will be handled through the new information system. In order to merge the two systems, some changes will be required in the IT infrastructure. Some investment will also require for this purpose. Employee training for the new operations will be required. The new business concept is associated with the online money transaction facility which will be connected to the information system of the company. Therefore proper security measures are essential for this purpose. As an overall conclusion it can be said that the emerging tools of the information technology will be used in the information system of the joint venture of the two airlines companies. This will help them to handle all the operations in a smoother way. However, they should be careful about the operations of the information system.

Recommendation:

In order to get the full advantages of the information system, the company needs to focus on the area of aligning the needs with the information system. The given recommendations will help the company to develop and maintain the system with utmost care.

Understanding the requirements: At the time of merging the two information system, the requirements of the new joint venture business have to be analyzed well. The existing components of the system have to be checked for if those are able to handle the new requirements or not. In case of failing to meet any new specifications, the system should be redesigned. Each of the modules should also be checked for the use of latest technology. This is the key of getting success while using the information technology tools in the business operations.

Developing an IT team: It will be good for the company if they hire some IT exerts as the employees of the company. They will fix the problems of the information system and maintain the system for getting the maximum support form the system.

Security measures: The information system will be connected to the World Wide Web and will contain a lot of confidential business information as well as financial data. In this context, the cyber crime is a major threat to the use of the information technology tools. In order to ensure maximum protection from the cyber crime, the system should be associated with the latest security devices and software.

Investment: As discussed earlier, some investment will be required for reorganizing and merging the two information systems into a single platform. This investment should be done properly to get the higher amount of future benefits by using the system in new joint venture business.

Employee Trainings: The employees of both the two organizations need to be familiar with the new system. In this context, the employees have to be properly trained regarding the various types of operations of the new systems. The IT experts will train the employees who will operate the different sections of the system.

References:

Ariyani, W., Hanantjo, D. and Purnama, B.E., 2015. E-Commerce Web Development In Wiga Art. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 4(5).

Beaudreau, P., Johnson, P.A. and Sieber, R.E., 2012. Strategic choices in developing a geospatial Web 2.0 application for rural economic development.Journal of Rural and Community Development, 7(3).

Benlian, A., Titah, R. and Hess, T., 2012. Differential effects of provider recommendations and consumer reviews in e-commerce transactions: An experimental study. Journal of Management Information Systems, 29(1), pp.237-272.

Chen, J.E., Pan, S.L. and Ouyang, T.H., 2014. Routine reconfiguration in traditional companies’e-commerce strategy implementation: A trajectory perspective. Information & Management, 51(2), pp.270-282.

Chen, M.Y. and Teng, C.I., 2013. A comprehensive model of the effects of online store image on purchase intention in an e-commerce environment.Electronic Commerce Research, 13(1), pp.1-23.

Colla, E. and Lapoule, P., 2012. E-commerce: exploring the critical success factors. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 40(11), pp.842-864.

Dutta, M., Sethi, K.K. and Khatri, A., 2014. Web based integrated development environment. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 3(10), pp.56-60.

Einav, L., Levin, J., Popov, I. and Sundaresan, N., 2014. Growth, adoption, and use of mobile e-commerce. The American economic review, 104(5), pp.489-494.

Gomez-Herrera, E., Martens, B. and Turlea, G., 2014. The drivers and impediments for cross-border e-commerce in the EU. Information Economics and Policy, 28, pp.83-96.

Harris, M., Scheinost, C.C., Juhasz, T., Hamlin, M., Kishnani, A., Bowman, B. and Hatwich, J., Adobe Systems Incorporated, 2012. Real time web development testing and reporting system. U.S. Patent Application 13/673,792.

Hartono, E., Kim, K.Y., Na, K.S., Simpson, J.T. and Berkowitz, D., 2013. Perceived Site Security as a Second Order Construct and Its Relationship to e-Commerce Site Usage. In Advances in Information Systems and Technologies (pp. 1075-1085). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Hashim, J., 2015. Information communication technology (ICT) adoption among SME owners in Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Information, 2(2).

Huang, Z. and Benyoucef, M., 2013. From e-commerce to social commerce: A close look at design features. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 12(4), pp.246-259.

Kyusakov, R., Pereira, P.P., Eliasson, J. and Delsing, J., 2014. EXIP: a framework for embedded Web development. ACM Transactions on the Web (TWEB), 8(4), p.23.

Luftman, J., Zadeh, H.S., Derksen, B., Santana, M., Rigoni, E.H. and Huang, Z.D., 2013. Key information technology and management issues 2012–2013: an international study. Journal of Information Technology, 28(4), pp.354-366.

Mithas, S., Tafti, A.R., Bardhan, I. and Goh, J.M., 2012. Information technology and firm profitability: mechanisms and empirical evidence. Mis Quarterly, 36(1), pp.205-224.

Nambisan, S., 2013. Information technology and product/service innovation: A brief assessment and some suggestions for future research. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 14(4), p.215.

Robey, D., Anderson, C. and Raymond, B., 2013. Information technology, materiality, and organizational change: A professional odyssey. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 14(7), p.379.

TASK

Ethics Analysis and Critical Thinking (10%)

The ethical outcomes we want you to achieve is done by considering some thought provoking ethical dilemmas:

(” Listen, don’t mention the war. I mentioned it once, but I think I got away with it all right. ” – Basil Fawlty, Fawlty Towers , 1975).

Let’s take the BIG PICTURE approach with some thought provoking current controveraries and determine the correct behavioural response. This can be done with activities that search and explore the meaning of justice and fairness: ” What is the right thing to do? – Michael J Sandel, 2009 http://www.gov.harvard.edu/people/faculty/michael-sandel

The big picture approach with such controversies challenges your thinking by working through conflicts that force you to make sense of morality and your own convictions – onward and upward via philosophy, ethics, morality, justice.

1. In this task choose and consider ANY TWO of the cases as listed in the 8 current ICT controversies below.
2. In your Project Blog consider and write about the issues of justice and fairness involved and suggest “What is the right thing to do? in both cases.
3. Share your findings with others via the Ethical Analysis Discussion Board setup for this task in Interact2.

CURRENT CONTROVERSIES IN ICT

1. Where has all the data gone? Service providers capturing metadata;
2. What is the human impact on the use of drones?
3. How will quantum coding on a silicon chip change computer architecture?
4. 3D printing of organ tissue in the operating theatre; (http://3dprinting.com/bio-printing/ and http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v32/n8/full/nbt.2958.html
5. Do individual rights and the common good conflict?
6. Social Relationships in Electronic Forums and Social Media: Tinder Case Study
7. Is Artificial Intelligence a Threat to Humanity?
8. Have you got an answer to Alan Turing’s infamous question “Can Machines Think?”? (Nested question).

Rationale

The BIG PICTURE approach and ethical analysis of some thought provoking and behavioural responses to current controversal issues is used rather than filling in a form for ethics approval that would follow with a research proposal. The big picture approach in other subjects challenges their thinking by working through conflicts that force them to make sense of morality and their own convictions – onward and upward via philosophy, ethics, morality, justice. This is done with this activitity that searches and explores the meaning of justice and fairness as based on: ” What is the right thing to do? – by Michael J Sandel 2009, http://www.gov.harvard.edu/people/faculty/michael-sandel

My blog TOPIC is on artificial intelligence medicine

Emerging Technologies and Innovation

Name of the student

Name of the university

Author’s note

The essay focuses on the use of artificial intelligence in the field medical science and the possible threats it might possess to the human kind through the big picture approach and adhere to the ethical aspect of the matter. Artificial intelligence is a term coined by John McCarthy, which is related to science and refers to intelligent agents that imitate the human gestures and rationale thinking of human in a given environment. Artificial intelligence has achieved specialisation in the following fields- computers that comprehend human languages, programs that can take a human like decision in real life situation and games which allow humans to play against computers (Nilsson, 2014). Though artificial intelligence has evolved and come long ways since the term was coined yet, there are ethical issues arises when artificial intelligence encroach the territory of the better judgment of the doctors or specialists in the field of medicine.

Researchers are working day in day out to increase the efficiency of the artificial intelligence in all the fields and have achieved extraordinary consequences. Artificial intelligence has been designed to assist the doctors in reducing the mortality in cases patients awaiting medical assistance from the specialists. The neural network of brain is efficiently imitated by the artificial intelligence resulting in accurate diagnosis of some diseases through the analysis of the diagnostic criteria and spectral information (Fieschi, 2013). The Da Vinci Si HD Surgical System has already created waves with surgical robotics. Such robots are used in delivering minor incisions, reducing the pain of the patient and minimizing the need for medication and reducing hospital stay consequently diminishing the burden of cost of medication.

Modernising medicine is a web based treasury of medical insight and information. It helps doctors to search for alternative drug required for particular disorder or medical condition by the database regarding previous medical cases and their remedial medicine. It’s a seamless way to decide on the drugs that need to prescribe by the doctor (Bennett & Hauser, 2013). The database is huge and includes all the medical details of patients and the treatment they went through prescribed by the doctors. These are homegrown systems in which a medical college of university stores up their data and through the artificial intelligence derives the assistance in the form of suggestions regarding medicines and the treatment that the patient should undergo. This is a revolutionary technology for the doctors as it reduces the diagnosis time and the time required for the doctor to come up with the drug to be prescribed.

Through the naked eyes the benefits artificial intelligence provides looks tantalising but through the lens of ethics and morality it become compelling to draw the line between recommending a suggestion to the doctor and making a decision on its own without the final call of the doctor has to be drawn. The benefits cited above are path breaking and deserves appreciation but the implementation of the technology during an operation or surgery without the presence of a doctor still sounds dangerous and risky. Several factors might hinder the efficient performance of the artificial intelligence. The major issue is that the medical databases are not centralised that means if special case arises which might have happened in one part of the world might not have been passed on to the other part of the world. The database has been continuously updated. The lack of the centralised system would hinder the accurate diagnosis and remedy for the special cases (Cohen & Feigenbaum, 2014). However, a doctor with his better judgment might have held the treatment and ask for assistance from fellow or senior doctors and come to conclusion. The artificial intelligence might have become intelligent but they still lack the human emotions that highly guide the thought process and instincts of the doctor.

The major aspect that surpasses the benefits of the artificial intelligence is the reliability on the dependency on technology that lacks the compassion and subtle sensitiveness that a living doctor would possess while tending a patient that affect the confidence of the patient. What if the technology fails to operate due to technical error: what if the system crashes and consequently the robot create an incision on the wrong side of the body: what if the database falls short and suggests a wrong medicine for the patient. These question needs to address while dealing with the artificial intelligence as no matter how intelligent the technology has become artificially it has not surpassed the natural human intelligence.

References

Bennett, C. C., & Hauser, K. (2013). Artificial intelligence framework for simulating clinical decision-making: A Markov decision process approach. Artificial intelligence in medicine, 57(1), 9-19.

Cohen, P. R., & Feigenbaum, E. A. (Eds.). (2014). The handbook of artificial intelligence (Vol. 3). Butterworth-Heinemann.

Fieschi, M. (2013). Artificial intelligence in medicine: Expert systems. Springer.

Nilsson, N. J. (2014). Principles of artificial intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann.

Interface Designing

Name of the Student

Name of the University

SMART home thermostat user interface: the designing process

The manufacturers of the SMART home thermostat were interested in developing a user interface for controlling their device: the product being quite popular among the middle-income group families, the manufacturers were interested in incorporating all sorts of new features that could possibly increase its sale. However, since we had prior experiences in designing similar interfaces, we were aware of the fact that including tons of un-useful features would only make the system complex. Thus, even before developing the very initial designs of the interface, we started collecting information about the functionalities supported by the thermostat.

Our initial discussions with the client revealed that at present they provide the users with a control panel to operate the thermostat. The users are currently allowed to use the thermostat in the following four modes: the room can be heated suing hot air, hot water, steam or by electricity. The thermostat can actually be reengineered in to supporting cooling functionalities: but the manufacturers are interested in catching up the domestic market of the colder regions only. So our initial designs do not contain any option for cooling the rooms.

Besides the above mentioned functionalities, the thermostat also allows the users to preset ‘temperature zones’ in certain sections of the house. This specific feature actually helps the users to use the ‘preheat options: the thermostat actually starts auto functioning according to the settings saved in each ‘temperature zones.

Based on the initial information available to us, we created an initial design of the interface: the said design divided all features supported by the thermostat in the following sections: the ‘profile,’ the ‘system setting’ and the ‘quick setting.’

Figure: Dashboard Interface

(Source: Created By author)

As depicted in the figure above, the Dashboard section of the user interface would act as the homepage of the interface, thus allowing the user to navigate to the other sections of the interface. Besides this, the dashboard section allows the user to switch on the thermostat (and also allows putting it off) and displays the current room temperature.

The functionalities supported by the thermostat have already been mentioned in the article: the interface we designed segregated the functionalities to separate sections. As for example, the system setting can be used to select from any of the available heating modes. The ‘Profile’ section allows the user to set up temperature zones. On the other hand, the ‘Quick Settings’ section of the interface allows the user to chose any of the preset temperature zones and use it to preheat their rooms. Thus, it can be said that the interface design actually met the user requirements. However, it needs special mention that this pre-setting of temperature zones was not supported by the control panel, and it has been found to be quite effective in saving power consumption. It can thus safely be said that the user interface would actually be successful in enhancing user experiences.

In today’s world internet and mobile computing, a wide range of user applications are readily available: the architecture of these applications allowing them to support all the functions that are currently supported by software tools running on computing devices. The interface designs of such applications have influenced the designs we have developed. As a matter fact, our designing team closely observed the GUIs of several such popular smart phone applications: however, we were cautious about not replicating any particular one in our designs.

We all are aware of Ben Schneiderman’s “Eight Golden Rules of Interface Design”: these golden rules acted as the very basic guidelines on which we have based our design (Schneiderman, 1986). The use of similar colors and icons throughout the interface has ensured a consistent look and feel, whereas the ‘quick system’ section actually allows the users to use shortcuts to select the heating mode. On the other hand, the interfaces ask for multiple confirmations from the user before making any selection, thus allowing the users to provide feedbacks. The users can reverse any selected operation at any point they want, thus meeting yet another guideline of interface designing. Last but not the least, it was decided at the very beginning the entire design would be interactive, thus adhering to all the golden rules of UI designing it.

The interface we designed follows all rule of UI designing, meets the requirements of the users and manufacturers alike, is user friendly besides being less harmful to the environment, and helps in reducing power consumption: indeed, it is one of a kind!

Bibliography

Schneiderman, B. (1986). Eight golden rules of interface design. Disponible en.

Speicher, M., Both, A., & Gaedke, M. (2015). Inuit: The Interface Usability Instrument. In Design, User Experience, and Usability: Design Discourse (pp. 256-268). Springer International Publishing.

Tsopra, R., Jais, J. P., Venot, A., & Duclos, C. (2014). Comparison of two kinds of interface, based on guided navigation or usability principles, for improving the adoption of computerized decision support systems: application to the prescription of antibiotics. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 21(e1), e107-e116.

Tuch, A. N., Roth, S. P., HornbæK, K., Opwis, K., & Bargas-Avila, J. A. (2012). Is beautiful really usable? Toward understanding the relation between usability, aesthetics, and affect in HCI. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(5), 1596-1607.

Xu, H. (2013). Tablet application GUI usability checklist: Creation of a user interface usability checklist for tablet applications.

Yui, B. H., Jim, W. T., Chen, M., Hsu, J. M., Liu, C. Y., & Lee, T. T. (2012). Evaluation of computerized physician order entry system—a satisfaction survey in Taiwan. Journal of medical systems, 36(6), 3817-3824.

Zou, F., Hua, Q., Wang, X., & Guo, L. (2015, May). Design for multiple-user interfaces with usability patterns. In Computer Science and Applications: Proceedings of the 2014 Asia-Pacific Conference on Computer Science and Applications (CSAC 2014), Shanghai, China, 27-28 December 2014 (p. 389). CRC Press.

Project Design

User Interface for operating SMART Home Thermostat

Design Manager: <insert your name here>

Table of Contents

1. Design Overview.. 4

2. Project Scope. 4

2.1. Aim of the project. 5

2.2 Objective of the project. 5

2.3 Scope of the project. 6

3. Business and User Requirements. 7

3.1 Business Requirements. 7

3.2 User Requirements. 7

4. Key Assumptions. 8

5. Use Cases. 9

5. 1 Use case 1: Using the dashboard or the main menu of the UI 9

5. 2 Use case 2: Changing the operating mode of the thermostat. 10

5. 3 Use case 3: Creating various ‘Temperature zones’ within the house. 11

5. 4 Use case 4: Overriding the ‘Temperature zones’ for certain time period. 12

6. Design Process. 14

7. Interface Design. 15

7.1 The designed interfaces. 15

Dashboard Interface. 15

Profile Interface. 16

Selected Profile Interface (temperature zone). 18

System Interface. 20

Quick System Interface. 22

System Interface. 23

7.2 Justification of the designs. 24

8. Success Criteria. 24

9. Usability Testing and Evaluation. 25

9.1 Evaluation Aims. 25

9.2 Evaluation Methodology. 25

9.3 Test audience selection and ethical considerations. 26

9.4 Evaluation experiments. 26

9.5 Analysis methodology and procedures. 27

Bibliography. 28

1. Design Overview

The proposed project commenced on the purpose of smart application designing associated with a household equipment. The primary orientation of this application is to define the operational process of Smart home thermostat device. The interface development considers the main operational functionality for their application users. There are four segments of design which are correlated with each other by their communicational process. The first segment is assigned for representing the overall statistics of the application. First segment or interface is also linked with other three functional interfaces which are System interface, profile interface, and quick functional interface. The system interface is deal with different type heating procedure. Profile interface is set to define customized scheduling of heating process, and quick function is set for automatic adjustment of application

2. Project Scope

The objective of the proposed project is to design and develop an User Interface to be used for controlling a ‘smart’ home thermostat.

Discussions with the manufacturers of the said thermostat revealed the following information:

a. The manufacturers are aimed at selling their products to domestic users belonging to middle- income groups: the market research conducted by the manufacturers indicate that the proposed user interface would be helpful in increasing the product satisfaction of the existing customers, besides being helpful in gaining new customers.

b. The manufacturers are of the opinion that the most optimal strategy for marketing the said device would be to emphasize on the environmental benefits available from using ‘pre-heating’ options available with the thermostat. Besides this the marketing team would also promote the fact that the pre-heating mode actually reduces the electricity consumption, thus being cost efficient.

c. The manufacturers are primarily targeting the customers residing in the cold regions: thus the very few first batches of user interface would allow the users to use the heating option only.

The following sections of the report would shed some light on the aims and objectives of the project.

2.1. Aim of the project

a. Designing a user interface that would allow the users to utilize all the functionalities that are presently supported by the said thermostat.

b. Developing the User Interface in a manner such that using it saves electricity, besides being environment friendly.

c. Promoting the utilities of the said interface so as to draw the attention of target customers.

d. Promoting the utilities of the said interface to the existing SMART home thermostat users such that they are allured into installing the product.

2.2 Objective of the project

1. To design the user interface for controlling the functions of the SMART Home Thermostat such that all the functionalities available with the equipment can be controlled using it.

2. To design the user interface in a manner such that it is far less complex than that of the control panels that are readily available in the market.

3. To ensure that the customers are able to use the interface easily and reduce the rate of their electricity consumption.

2.3 Scope of the project

The following section describes the activities that are included within the scope of the project, thereby discriminating them from those outside the scope of the project.

2.3.1 In Scope Activities

a. Developing the design of the user interface.

b. Evaluating the design so as to ensure that it supports all features currently supported by the control panel, along with being less complex and easy to use.

c. To ensure that the designed interface is actually environment friendly and helps in reducing the rate of electricity consumption of the user.

2.3.2 Out of Scope Activities

a. Bringing about any changes in the control panel currently utilized by the users.

b. Include any changes in the thermostat.

c. Ensuring the supply of electric power to thermostat.

3. Business and User Requirements

The primary objective of the project under consideration is to develop a user interface for the SMART home thermostat, so as to meet some of the specific requirements of the manufacturers and the consumers. The following sections of this project proposal sheds some light on the business requirement and user requirements that would be fulfilled through this project:

3.1 Business Requirements

The business requirements that the project is aimed at fulfilling are:

a. The availability of the user interface in the market would increase the sale of the SMART home thermostat.

b. The utilities provided by the user interface would encourage the existing uses to implement it in their homes.

c. The user interface being designed would be capable of reducing the power consumption of the users, as claimed by the manufacturers.

3.2 User Requirements

The specific requirements of the users, that the project being discussed is aimed at meeting, have been stated below:

a. The UI should support all the operations that the thermostat currently provides, including the following:

i. Using 4 different modes of heating: hot air, hot water, electricity and steam.

ii. Setting up temperature zones for different sections of the house.

iii. Allowing pre-set heating functionalities

b. The designed system must not be difficult to understand, manage, use and maintain.

c. The designed interface should be aesthetically built.

4. Key Assumptions

The following facts are being assumed so as to design the said user interface:

a. The user interface is being designed so as to be utilized along with the SMART home thermostat: the said interface would not be used to control the operation of any other thermostat developed by a different manufacturer.

b. The user interface would be thoroughly tested and evaluated before it is made available in the market.

c. The aesthetical aspects of the said interface are as important as its operational aspects.

d. The designs have to be user friendly and self explanatory.

e. The users would be provided with a very basic training for utilizing the UI.

f. The user interfaces would be installed in residential and/ or office premises having constant power supply.

g. Initially the user interface would only be available in the cold climatic zones only: thus it is sufficient that in the preliminary stages the UI is designed to control the heating functionalities only.

5. Use Cases

An ‘Use cases’ cane be defined as list of event or activities that are capable of defining the interactions between the a software module and its user. The following section of this project proposal describe the probable interactions between the customers and the UI in concern.

5. 1 Use case 1: Using the dashboard or the main menu of the UI

Description	The user uses the dashboard or the main menu of the UI
Example	The user needs to move to some other section of the interface from the dashboard section.
Actors	The customer who has installed the SMART home thermostat and the user interface accompanying it. The designed user interface
Stakeholders	The customer
Pre-conditions	The SMART home thermostat has been installed in the residential or office premises under consideration. The User Interface has been installed in the said premises. The above mentioned devices are in a working condition.
Post-conditions	The user is capable of selecting any option provided in the Dashboard.
Triggers	The user moves to a different section of the interface
Flow of events	The user uses the interface The user chooses any option available on the dashboard
Business rules	Both the user interface and the thermostat are in working condition.

5. 2 Use case 2: Changing the operating mode of the thermostat

Description	The user requires to change the manner in which the thermostat functions
Example	The user changes the thermostat settings or mode.
Actors	The customer The designed user interface
Stakeholders	The customer
Pre-conditions	The SMART home thermostat has been installed in the residential or office premises under consideration. The User Interface has been installed in the said premises. The above mentioned devices are in a working condition.
Post-conditions	The user is able to select any specific mode or setting
Triggers	The room temperature changes
Flow of events	The customer uses the interface The user chooses the specific option available on the dashboard which allows changing the settings or mode of operation of the thermostat
Business rules	Both the user interface and the thermostat are in working condition. The user has chosen the correct option.

5. 3 Use case 3: Creating various ‘Temperature zones’ within the house

Description	The user sets up different ‘Temperature Zones’ to be used in various sections of the house
Example	The user defines a specific temperature zone for the bedrooms of the house.
Actors	The customer who has installed the SMART home thermostat and the user interface accompanying it. The designed user interface
Stakeholders	The customer
Pre-conditions	The SMART home thermostat has been installed in the residential or office premises under consideration. The User Interface has been installed in the said premises. The above mentioned devices are in a working condition.
Post-conditions	The user would be capable of setting up temperature zones
Triggers	The user can select any of the said temperature zones to adjust the room temperature.
Flow of events	The customer uses the interface The user chooses the specific option available on the dashboard which allows creating temperature zones. The user creates temperature zones.
Business rules	Both the user interface and the thermostat are in working condition. The user has utilized the correct steps for setting the temperature zones.

5. 4 Use case 4: Overriding the ‘Temperature zones’ for certain time period

Description	The user might not require to use the preset temperature setting: thus the need for overriding them.
Example	The customer is about to go on a vacation and thus decides to override the thermostat settings for the entire period of time.
Actors	The customer who has installed the SMART home thermostat and the user interface accompanying it. The designed user interface
Stakeholders	The customer
Pre-conditions	The SMART home thermostat has been installed in the residential or office premises under consideration. The User Interface has been installed in the said premises. The above mentioned devices are in a working condition.
Post-conditions	The customer overrides the temperature zones that were being put to use.
Triggers	N/A
Flow of events	The customer uses the interface The user selects the specific option available on the dashboard which allows creating/deleting temperature zones. The user chooses a specific temperature zone The chosen temperature zone is overridden
Business rules	Both UI and thermostat are in working condition. The user has utilized the correct steps for overriding the temperature zones.

6. Design Process

The user interface in consideration would be designed by utilizing the following processes:

a. Adherence to the “Eight Golden Rules of Interface Design”: The Eight Golden Rules of Interface Design, as postulated by Ben Shneidermanw are considered as the core principles of designing and developing graphical user interfaces. The UI in consideration would be designed keeping in mind the factors that are strongly advocated by the said rules, namely consistency of the UI, use of shortcuts, allowing the users to provide feedbacks, error handling and reversal of functionalities, supporting closure and interactive operations.

b. Assessing the specific requirements of the users: The UI would be designed in accordance to the specific requirements of the user.

The UI being designed in the initial stages would be tested and evaluated and the issues identified in these stages would be included in the design: the process would be conducted in an iterative manner so as to achieve perfection.

7. Interface Design

7.1 The designed interfaces

System Interface

7.2 Justification of the designs

As mentioned in section 6 of the project proposal, the “Eight Golden Rules of Interface Design” have been followed in designing the UI. All sections of the interface have been designed in a consistent manner and short cuts have been used so as allow the users select the most frequently used operations. Besides this, the designed UI also allows the users to undo or de-select chosen options and supports such functionalities that allows users to provide feedbacks.

The designed UI also meets all user requirements, the details of which have been provided in the section below:

Sl no	User Requirement	Designed Component
a	The UI being designed should support all the operations that the thermostat currently provides	The ‘System Settings’ section.
b	The designed system must not be difficult to understand, manage, use and maintain.	Self explanatory icons and menus
c	The designed interface should be aesthetically built.	Small sized interface, aesthetic background colors and icons have been used.

8. Success Criteria

Sl No	Success Criteria	User Requirements met
1	The designed UI allow the user to select from a wide range of heating options, to create and use temperature zones and override them.	The user interface being designed should be capable of supporting all the operations that the thermostat currently provides
2	The designed UI is easy to use and contains self explanatory elements	The designed system must not be difficult to understand, manage, use and maintain.
3	The look and feel of the UI is attractive	The designed interface should be aesthetically built.

9. Usability Testing and Evaluation

9.1 Evaluation Aims

a. To determine whether the designed UI is capable of meeting all user and business requirements.

b. To assess how the target customers react towards the functionalities included in the UI.

9.2 Evaluation Methodology

The following techniques were utilized for evaluating the designed user interface.

a. Expert review: Experts having experiences in the domain of user interface designing would be requested to review the designs and the issues identified by them would be worked upon.

b. User Surveys: Surveys would be conducted so as to collect reviews from the current users. Again, the issues identified from such surveys would be utilized to bring about changes in the user interface design.

9.3 Test audience selection and ethical considerations

As mentioned in the section above expert review and surveys would be used for evaluating system being designed. Experts both external and internal to the project team would be requested to review the design, so as to avoid any biasness of opinion. On the other hand, the users belonging to the target customer group (middle income groups, residing in cold regions) would be requested to participate in the survey.

The following ethical rules would be adhered to during the evaluation process:

a. The identities of the users who participate in the survey would not be published in any public forum.

b. The information collected during the survey would not be utilized for any commercial process.

c. The project team would not make any attempts of influencing the participants.

9.4 Evaluation experiments

The following experiments would be conducted for evaluating the designed UI:

a. The experts would be requested to provide an analysis of the designed UI while comparing it with other similar UIs.

b. The survey participants would be encouraged to use the designed UI thoroughly and comment on the usability and efficiency of the UI.

9.5 Analysis methodology and procedures

a. The functionalities provided by the designed UI would be compared with the business and user requirements, so as to assess the efficiency of the designs.

b. The data collected from the user survey would be analyzed so as to gain information regarding the user response.

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Project Scope

Business and User Requirements

Key Assumptions

Use Cases

Design Process

Interface Design

Success Criteria

Usability Testing and Evaluation

1. Updated Project Brief

1.1 Objectives, Outputs and Targets

1.2 Success Criteria

2. Project Design Proposal

2.1 Design Aims

2.2 Outline of the Proposed Design

2.3 Proposed Evaluation Methods

Abstract

Introduction

Research Issues

Annotated Bibliography

Conclusion

References

Introduction:

Need of an information system:

Information system and information technology:

Conclusion:

Recommendation:

References:

1. Design Overview

2. Project Scope

2.1. Aim of the project

2.2 Objective of the project

2.3 Scope of the project

2.3.1 In Scope Activities

2.3.2 Out of Scope Activities

3. Business and User Requirements

3.1 Business Requirements

3.2 User Requirements

4. Key Assumptions

5. Use Cases

5. 1 Use case 1: Using the dashboard or the main menu of the UI

5. 2 Use case 2: Changing the operating mode of the thermostat

5. 3 Use case 3: Creating various ‘Temperature zones’ within the house

5. 4 Use case 4: Overriding the ‘Temperature zones’ for certain time period

6. Design Process

7. Interface Design

7.1 The designed interfaces

7.2 Justification of the designs

8. Success Criteria

9. Usability Testing and Evaluation

9.1 Evaluation Aims

9.2 Evaluation Methodology

9.3 Test audience selection and ethical considerations

9.4 Evaluation experiments

9.5 Analysis methodology and procedures

Bibliography

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