Introduction

            Gun violence is an activity that involves gun and using a firearm like gun would be termed as criminal or non-criminal activity on the basis of the type of activity and jurisdiction of the country. Homicide, suicide, attempted suicide or assault and other violating activities would be termed as criminal activity and accidental or unintentional death from gun would not be named criminal offence though this fact also depends on the jurisdiction. Gun violence is a common factor in USA and especially in California and it is found that the young and poor people are primarily associated in this type of criminal offenses. On the other hand the lack education, lower employment rate and criminal impacts on these poor communities enhance the situation as well. On the basis of statistics in the year 2017 approximately 40,000 people died by guns across USA which was highest in 50 years of history (The Trace, 2019). Gun violence is a factor which is the result of the mental and socio-economic factors that affect a person’s living perception and the unhealthy living style also impacts over the mental condition. In order to determine the causes of this mental and social condition and the prevalence ratio a qualitative and quantitative study would be done among the targeted people and it would also help in the knowledge gathering about the believes about the disease and the ways of preventing the negative effects of this incidence along with causes of the disease. The program also would help in the empowering and motivating the people against this ill incident as well. The data collection process would be dependent on the ethical aspects that would be done by the help of the authority and consider the privacy and the comfort of the respondents. Other than the data collection method the secondary research would also be needed in the context of the prevalence rate, mortality and incidence rate of gun violence among the people of not only US people but also among the world population for the detailed knowledge as well. The expected outcome of the program would be the proper knowledge assessment and also on the basis of this knowledge the proper empowerment program planning and the motivation among the target people in order to decrease the prevalence rate of the disease as well. The secondary data would also be helpful in the learning process of the needed empowerment process and the motivational framework for the incident. In the following section the literature review on the context of the disease would be done along with the description of method for the program and the program planning would be discussed. A proper description of the whole program would be given in the following section and it would be helpful in the knowledge gathering about the disease and wellness program of the disease. The wellness program would effectively be helpful in obesity prevention and the following section would positively describe and prove this fact.

Literature review

            Wilkinson et al., (2018), have done an engagement program among the urban low income rate people in order to gather the knowledge about the gun violence incident causes and also empowering these people about the ill outcomes of the incident. They found out that the poverty concentration and the low level of opportunity triggers this fact of anti social activity. They also highlighted that the legal effects, attitude and beliefs, emotional factors and some other aspects play the key role in the incidence prevalence. They also stated the importance of the empowerment and engagement program in terms of preventing this ill incident. They showed that the rate of the gun violence would be lessened if the young people would be taught properly about the problem and if they are given opportunities on their talents. According to Bieler et al. (2016), in the time frame of 2005 to 2014 the death by gun rate was approximately 320,000 in America and 69% or the people was killed by the homicidal activity involving guns and the people convicted with this kind of criminal activity are the young people of the age range from 15 to 34. They also highlighted that the wellness program or the empowerment program for these young people would be one of the solutions for the prevention of gun violence activities. However, they also focused on the social awareness programs would be the possible solution for the ill incidences. Other than these they also highlighted the importance of the employment opportunity providence and the legal education for these people would be helpful in lowering the rate of gun violence and criminal activity among the US young and poor population. On the basis of their article we can find the causes of this problem as the easy access to the guns as well.

 On the other hand Riley et al. (2017), gun violence is borne among the young people with the age of 18 or higher as a result of ill socio economic condition. They also stated that the social structure is one of the primary determinants of this incidence and the society with criminals or people carrying guns would pose a great threat in terms of impacting over young minds. However, they also surveyed among the people of a community with poor socio economic structure and found that 95% of the community people heard gun fire, 58% people have friends or family members killed by gun violence and also 33% people who witnessed the gun violence physically. They also opined that the if the community people would be incorporated in the research work for the gun violence incidence ratio and the ill effect of this factor of the society then the empowerment program or the motivational program for the prevention of the gun violence incidence would be more effective and help the community to stop this type of practice as well. Te legal knowledge and the prevalence rate of the incidence would be helpful in the control of gun violence as well. Kalesan et al., (2016), surveyed among 400 adults of 50 states of USA and found that 5.2% to 61.7% people owns gun from Delaware to Alaska. They also highlighted that the effect of the gun violence enhanced by the gun culture among the communities of the people. They found that 2.25 times greater gun violence incidence can be seen in the communities with gun culture and the non owners do not pose the threat to the community. However, this incidence rate can be manipulated if the social knowledge and the beliefs of the community people towards gun ownership can be changed. The effect of empowerment against the factor of gun violence would be manipulated on the basis of the age and the knowledge of the people of the community. Their survey also highlighted that the gun ownership prevalence can be found among the young people from the age of 18 and above. The effects of the gun ownership and the lesser knowledge about the legislation of the country or the state also have a stake in the prevalence rate of the gun violence and the criminal offence of the incidence.

Alcorn and Burris (2016), focused on the literature review process and found that the gun violence in the US communities is a phenomenon that would be the result of the emotional aspect of people in terms of the legal imbalance. However, found the gun ownership and the gun culture in the community plays a key role in the gun violence as well. They also highlighted that the gun violence incidence prevalence would be cause of the legal flaws in the gun laws in the US. However, the empowerment and education program for the ill effect of the gun violence needed to be planned in order to prevent the gun violence among the US people and the young people of the country needed to be empowered about the gun violence. The prevention program of the gun violence would need to provide opportunity in the employment of different sector and also providing proper knowledge about the society as well. Nobrega et al. (2016), opined that the working types of the people has a vast effect on the mental condition of them and also the different ethnic and racial origin affects on the condition as well as their believes are different on this context. The authors highlighted the importance of qualitative surveys in gathering knowledge about the community’s socio-economic structure and the effect of the workplace stress in the social incidences and the characteristics of people. 

Methodology

            In order to find the actual facts of the concept that are the social determinants of gun violence and also the wellness program effects on the incident control here the formal quantitative method would be used. More specifically the Quasi-experimental design would be used in the context of this research topic as it would manipulate the independent variable and the comprised of the pre-test and post-test design (Campbell & Stanley, 2015). The pres test design is the design that can be termed as the resemblance and not a proper research process. In this process the independent variable is manipulated however, the dependent variable is not measured before that process. Here, the participants are not randomly selected and this research design does not eliminate the confusing variables as well. On the other hand the pre-test post-test design the dependent variable is measured before and the participants experimented under the control condition and then also the experimental condition implemented and the participants are tested. On the basis of these tests the measurement of the dependent variable is done (Musser et al., 2017). However, the aspect of the non randomised participant selection highlights the factor that the participants are selected in a specific way that could be on the basis of the age, ethnicity, gender and also the gun violence affected people. In this case the gun owners and also the health promotion personnel would be targeted for data collection. The group without gun owners also would be targeted for the comparison among the data collected. On the other hand the qualitative data collection method would also be used for the reason of the knowledge development process about the belief of the people about the gun violence and the effects of the gun violence on the body (Bengtsson, 2016). The sample population would be selected on the basis of the criminal records of the people of a community and the health care personnel assigned for that community for the wellness program development. However, the factors would be dependent on the knowledge of the sample population about the problem and they are termed as the control group as well. After the educating the people about the gun violence control and the effects of this incident on the physiology another data would be collected and the comparison of this data would be done on the basis of the chi-square test and the ANOVA test. This data analysis process would be helpful in the insight development about the condition and the effectiveness of the test as well. However, the process would be solely dependent on the basis of the response of the people of the targeted group. Daily observation of the changes among the sample population in the context of the criminal rate would be the primary focus of the research.

On the other hand believes of the different ethnic and age grouped people would also help in developing the perception of the severity of the disease and also the prevalence of the disease. The incidence rate among the US people would be discovered by the help of the secondary data from the electronic data bases and on the basis of those data the data collection and the sample population would be selected. However, the barrier of this method would be the ethical consideration and the consent of the privacy and the confidentiality of the people whom are to be participating in the interview or the survey process. The sample population would be from the age group of 21 to 40 as this is the primary affected group of this disease. The wellness programs done in the schools and the workplaces would also be assessed by surveys among the employees and the students of the schools. In accordance with the quantitative data and the qualitative data the idea of the need of the empowerment among the people would be processed and after the empowerment program the data would also be collected and observed the changes among the sample population.

After collecting all these data the data analysis process would be done with the help of the chi-square test and the ANOVA test. In these two methods of the data analysis the variables would be tested and the variations among the variables would be tested on the basis of the context. As the data design is based on the Quasi experimental design thus the data analysis would be dependent on the variations of the variables. Thus the ANOVA and the chi square analysis would be helpful in the process. Whereas the empowerment effects that are the changes by means of the education from the program among the sample population would be dependent on the post observation process (Mrkvicka et al., 2016).

On the other hand the random population would also be selected for the experiment and this non formal design would also be helpful in addressing the factors of the experiment and gaining the expected outcomes of the gun violence prevention. As mentioned by Nobrega et al. (2016), the random population selection can help in the formation of the information about the qualitative aspect of the concept. Other than the data analysis methods the observation about the changes in behavior and also in health condition would be obtained. The population would be selected on the basis of the criminal rate and the health promotion workers would also be selected for the process and that would be helpful in developing the two way knowledge of the scenario.

Program design and description

            The wellness program would be designed on the basis of the data collection, analysis, educational program and assessing the outcomes from the program. Thus the program would be comprised with the secondary data collection, primary data collection (qualitative and quantitative), education program for the obese people, data analysis and comparison and evaluating the outcomes. All these steps would work on the basis of the ADDIE model which comprised of analyse, design, develop, implement and evaluate (Almomen et al., 2016). Here the secondary data collection would help in the analysis of the situation and on the basis of the assessment the design of the program would be done. After this the data qualitative data collection and the quantitative data collection would be done that would develop the idea about the situation for the target population. Then the implementation step starts where the empowerment or the wellness program would be done and the education and the motivation to the respondents would be delivered and on the basis of this implementation the outcome would be assessed whether it is positive or negative. (Refer to the appendix)

            The empowerment of the people about gun violence and the data collection on the gun violence prevalence and believes of the sample population would be done primarily in the program in order to determine the threat of this incidence and also educating the people about the problems and the wellness process against the ill incidence. In order to obtain these factors the population would be needed to be selected and would be done on the basis of the criminal rate of the population and also identifying the health promotion professionals. However, in order to make these people participate in this program would solely dependent on gaining their trust and with the help of the authentication from the Government or any health association working with the community. Other than these the sample population needed to be attracted to the program that means the reason for them to attend the program. Here, all the respondents would get a free health check up if they participate in the program and it would work as an incentive program for the respondents and a common interest for the people. Thus the process would attract number of people towards the program. The whole process would start from the secondary data collection followed by the primary data collection and empowerment program and also the data analysis along with the evaluation of the outcome. All these steps need time and the approximate timeframe of the whole process would be at least 12 to 16 weeks. However, the sustainability of the program depends on the correlation of the stages of the program that is the proper planning and assessing the targeted people mentality and the impact of gun violence on them along with the assessment of the cost and time for the whole program. The primary focus of the program should be the impacts of wellness program on the targeted people and depending on every stage the positivity factor and the negative impacts needed to be assessed and removed from the program (Matza et al., 2016).

            Other than all these factors the ethical consideration would play a key role in the sustainability along with gaining trust of the targeted population. First ethical consideration would be availing the Government permission for the survey program along with the empowerment and also the questionnaire used for the interview or survey would be comprised of the ethical consent form of the respondent and if the person willing to participate in the program then he or she needs to sign the ethical form and continue otherwise the survey would not be put forward. Other than this the interviewer needed to consider the fact of the privacy and confidentiality of the interviewee along with the comfort of the person as well in the process of the program. All these factors would be maintained in order to properly proceeding with the wellness program data collection along with the empowerment program as well (Switzer et al., 2015).

            This program would need at least a ten person team in order to shorten the time frame of the project as there are several steps of the program that needed to be addressed such as qualitative and quantitative data collection, data analysis, observation, health care providence and empowerment or motivation program. In order to achieve all these factors the team must have the supplies of several medical instruments, stationeries and other objects for the assessment and proceedings of the program and the expected time would be as mentioned earlier 12 to 16 weeks. For all the supplies and other staffs the need of money would be inevitable and the costing would expect to be high as well. As a wellness program the expected outcome would be lesser number of incidences of gun violence among the sample population and that can be measured by means of the comparison between the criminal rate of the people before the program and the criminal rate of them after the program (Refer to appendix).

Discussion

            The wellness program on gun violence would be noble project however, there could be some limitations in the implementations of all the plans and the limitations would be the cost of the program, long time frame of the process, different believes of different ethnic and age group people and the limited number of team member. Other than all these factors the life style of the people that is mentality and employment type of them also would be the factors that could affect the process. On the other hand the different ethnic believes and the lower amount of knowledge about the factor and lack of awareness also can be the negative affecters of the program (Queirós, Faria & Almeida, 2017).

            The Boolean operator and the incision excision method can be used to eliminate the negative factors however, the factors needed to be identified first. On the basis of the Boolean operators that are AND, OR and NOT the relevance of the factors would be determined and if they are not relevant then the factors would be eliminated from the program (Grover & Basu, 2017). If the negative factors can be removed from the program then the sustainability of the program could be achieved more effectively. If the cost and the time can be lessened by the team then the sustainability of the program could easily be achieved. However, it can be said that after discussing all the factors the wellness program on gun violence would positively effect on the selected population if the negative factors can be lessened.

Conclusion

            Based on the above discussion it can be concluded that the wellness program in the gun violence prevention is needed for the betterment of the society and in the process of the program all the above mentioned factors needed to assessed and planned on the basis of that assessment. This program would be effective in changing believes of different ethnic and age group people and help in the motivation of those people for the betterment of their mental conditions. The changes would be observed by means of their criminal rate and also in the attitude towards the incident. The change can be assessed by means of the knowledge of the people about the chronic problem as well. However, this program could be effective if the above mentioned negative factors can be eliminated. On the other hand this program which is based on the ADDIE design would be implemented on other communities as well as in terms of other disease and ill incident prevention programs as it would be helpful in gathering knowledge about the incidence, mortality rate and the feelings of the people affected by the disease and on the basis of these data the program also focuses on the empowerment and motivation for the prevention of the problem among the affected people. However, the long timeframe used by the program and the costing of the program would be a negative factor for the implementation of this program on any other community or other factorial prevention method but the effectiveness of the program if counted then the program would be termed as a very useful process. On the basis of the effectiveness of this program it can be said that the use of this program needed to be effectively implemented on other communities despite of its costliness as the changes among the people after this program could be termed as inevitable. However, on the basis of the resource factor the program would be stressful in application in every single disease or ill incidence prevention thus the usefulness of the program can put the research team in jeopardy. On the basis of the assessment it can clearly be seen that the effectiveness of the program is positive however, the costliness and the time consumption puts the program in a negative position for the usage in other causes.

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