FERMENTATION AND BIOREACTORS

QUESTION

Why do you need to use condenser in exhaust gas in a fermenter?

SOLUTION

Fermentation is anenergy yielding process in whichmicroorganisms oxidizes organic compounds using an endogenous electron acceptor. This process is used in bioreactors. Bioreactors, also called fermenters, are technical vessels in which biological and chemical substances are converted or produced under controlled conditions. Fermentation is a slow process that releases gases (mainly CO2) as by product. The exhaust gas from bioreactor is utilized for determining various parameters to maintain the controlled environment necessary for fermentation.

Typically, this exhaust gas is passed through a filter. If there is moisture present in the exhaust gas, it will clog the filters. Condensers are used to solve this problem. A condenser is an apparatus that captures saturated air leaving the vessel (bioreactor). The condenser generally comprises of two (inner and outer) wall surfaces, which helps condensing and thus removing moisture from the exhaust gas.

The exhaust gas from bioreactors also has a small amount of chemical/ organic materials used for fermentation process in bioreactors. As the condenser is cooler than the exhaust gases,it allows these substances to condense on the surface and return to the vessel in a liquid form. In this manner condensers help to minimize the loss of material out of the reactor due to evaporation.

Condensers are also sometimes used to utilize the high temperature of the exhaust gas. Condensers are better in efficiency than economizer for this purpose as they are able to utilize the latent heat of the exhaust gas also.Besides, condensers also help ventilating a bioreactor.

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