Aim(S) Of The Text
The aim of the Walter De Mignolo in his book geopolitics of sensing and knowing is to provide an introduction to the ‘de-colonial option’. Coloniality is the logic, ontology, metaphysics, and the power logic which is created after colonization (Mignolo 2011). In simple terms, it means how to re-learn the knowledge of our predecessor, discredited, or the buried modernity forces. The author emphasizes that coloniality is the prolongation of colonialism; therefore, it cannot be an alternative. According to the author, the option is found in what he calls epistemic disobedience and border thinking.
The aim of the author in this article is to depend on the Greek Philosphy and the contemporary psychologist in order to analyse the ethical implications of the social policies which has been implemented through the wealfare of the state with the core objective of attaining social inclusion in the text. The authors has also provided rationalism for the social inclusion in the text where the implication in the state has been explained.
The author Bell Hook in her essay has addressed the concept of the radical openness in the society and what is the impact of the radical openness in the society and have given further explanation on the concept of the radical openness. Bell Hook during the course of the essay, tries to draw a comparison by noting down down the differences and the similaritries with radical openness and marginality. The author challenges to establish a boundary as a space of radical openness.
Key Concepts And Their Definition
In the essay authored by Mignolo, there are few key concepts. The concepts are decoloniality and re westernization(Mignolo 2011). Decoloniality is the author’s language is moving away from the concept of colonization. According to the author, decoloniality, and border thinking/sensing are strictly interconnected since deloniality cannot be Marxian or Cartesian. In simple terms, it can be said that this is the way an individual can re-learn the knowledge of the ancestors, which has been discredited and forgotten under the face of modernity. However, it should be noted that deloniality is not a way to cast-off the medical, ethical and scientific advances which are made on the modern era instead it is a way to examine how modernity, capitalism, neoliberalism has been expatriate in the way of modern living, therefore, it is a method of reparation and restoration. The other key concepts are Pluriversality, which is the horizon that the epistemic disobedience and as well as the border thinking are performing. In contrast, there is another concept known as border thinking. This concept means that it is exteriority and in the spaces of the time is the self-narrative of modernity. The border thinking that is invented is used by the natives to legitimizes their colonial logic.
In the paper by Christopher Scanlon and John Adams, there are significant concepts. The author has tried to give a contrasting definition of democracy. One definition of democracy is that it is a type of society that constitutes the constitution, components of a stable system of governance, and institution. The author also gives another concept which states that democracy is conceived as a sporadic action and as a transformative intervention that challenges the current social order. This process is achieved by making a transformative intervention that has made the contingency apparent. The author refers to the work of Ranciere, who said there is a history of struggle on who constitutes the citizen, which has excluded or not excluded in the name of the democracy. The author has also given the concept of IAPT, which means Improving Acess to Psychological Therapies. The author elaborates that this is a multi-million program that is conducted by the government and has supported and sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry as well. This initiative is run in order to seek treatment for the world’s most understated illness that is depression, especially those who unemployed and unproductive in the process. It is being said IAPT has able to bring social inclusion in the as well as economic productivity by treating the above two categories.
In the essay of Bell Hooks, two crucial concepts that are severely addressed. One of them is spaces. From the perspective of the author, spaces are real as well as imagined, and spaces are there to convey the stories, and this is to unfold the histories. The author further says that areas are to be interrupted, transformed through art, as well as literary practices. The author states one definition of Pratibha Parma to shed more light on the definition, ‘The appropriation and use of space are political acts.’ – Pratibha.according to her speaking is resistance. She compared that the black women’s concept is actually the voices of the black women who are silenced. She explains these people are marginalized in society. The voice of black women is suppressed and silencing them. Therefore these people are marginalized. She says that marginality is a situation that is imposed by the structure of the society, which is oppressive. And she says the choice of marginality is that to the site of resistance in the society.
The Main Arguments
The paper is introduced through the concept of decolonial. The European contemporaries for example has formed the policy of bio and have traced the finding im the historical orginin. The authors of the study has directly refered to the conference which took place in Bandung in 1955. The conference set the stage for the liberal capitalism as well as soviet communism in the area. Thre is also a third way which was established through this concept. The author has asked about embracing the indegeous cultire which can be done by traing back to the roots. In context of the present time it needed to be dismantled. This option will allow questioning the behavior of the world by embracing epistemic disobedience and border thinking. The author through his study has proclaims that the stake is advancing what the author is terming as a global political society.
Christopher Scanlon and John Adams argue that many social policies are implemented to draw a border between the areas of inclusion and exclusion, which maintains and creates the problem which the plans are made to solve(Scanlon and Adlam 2013). The authors have provided their argument in terms of the specific area of the study. The area is ‘Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT)’, this has an impact on the area of the psychotherapists. The authors have analyzed how this policy grants the field of social exclusion. The authors say that unproductivity and unemployment have contributed to the economic backwardness of the country. Therefore, the treatment will ensure overall economic productivity of the countries
In the essay of Bell Hooks, the author first lays down specific questions about the ‘realities of choice and location”. She explains that language for her is a ‘place of struggle.’ She states that her relationship with her origin community and with her family is ambivalent (Hooks 1989). She was in a state of dilemma as his native place was in a state of censorship and silencing, and also she needed to return to the site. She explains the concept of marginality in her essay by stating that it offers the possibility of a radical perspective in the new world. It is essential to understand the idea of marginality as the place and position of resistance, especially for the colonized and the colonized people. The last paragraph of Hook explains her location in the margin. The marginality chosen by her is termed as a resistance site where continual resistance is formed in the keep apart culture opposition, which is a serious response to the command.
