IT Management essay on: Automated Control systems

This essay takes into consideration a formal perspective to the analysis of the users’ interaction in general as well as pilot interaction with the automated control systems. This essay talks about the issue of correct interaction between the user & the machine which helps in order to take display the information regarding the user. The machine helps to display the information which would enable the user to perform his or her task in a much reliable as well as an effective manner.In the years, pilot interaction has been referred to as one of the most alarming concerns in the transport industry. The major concern within the transport industry is in regards to the mis-happenings which lead to accidents (Sarter, Woods & Billings, 1997). Some of the reasons for such type of accidents are lack of awareness, confusion as well as automation surprises. The two main reasons due to which repeated accidents as well as incidents have been reported in the recent years have been due to firstly, breakdowns of the interface between the user as well as the machine which provides information & secondly, the user has a “mental mode”  regarding the behavior of the machines. The two main reasons for breakdown which have been discussed above leads to false expectations, error as well as confusions. This leads to the inadequacy of the entire interface & accidents are bound to happen (Kaber & Riley, 2002).

In case of the aviation sector, high risks have been associated related to the commercial aviation & faulty interactions of the users which leads to catastrophic results. This type of a faulty interaction amongst the humans along with the machines has led to high levels of problems within this sector. It has been seen that, most of the errors are human errors which have occurred due to lack of training, lack of awareness regarding the various situations, errors amongst the design. The main objective of this essay is to examine the human automation interaction. This essay majorly keeps in mind the two alternative views of pilot interaction with automation.Automation of the technology in case of the aviation sector has been referred to as a technology which would help the pilots & the co-pilots to reduce their workload as well as the training requirements. It has been referred to as an autonomous system which would require small amounts of human involvement which would lead to the removal or reduction or eliminate the opportunity of the human errors. Hence, all the automated systems have been designed in such a manner which would help the human elements within the overall aviation system (Sarter, Woods & Billings, 1997).

The first alternative view of pilot interaction with automation could be discussed with the help of the work load which is unevenly distributed as well as not reduced. The introduction of modern technology was expected to result in reduced workload. The presence of the automated system does not lead to uniform effect on the workload. As per the discussion done by Wiener, it has been seen that the modern technology in the aviation sector does not support the same way as the traditional applications does. It has been stated that, the modern day applications in the aviation sector does not support the flights in the critical circumstances. One of the main reasons in regards to the pilot interaction with automation leads to the lack of comprehensive access to the details of the flights with the relevant data from the outside world. Therefore, this leads to the need for the pilots regarding the target automation, subsystem of the automated invoke, etc. In order to communicate the various data, instructions of automation as well as monitor the automation in a much closed manner will help the pilots along with the co-pilots to ensure proper instructions as well as carry out intend. Therefore, these tasks do not lead to problems during the low work phase but when the flight initiates the situation worsens drastically (Sarter, Woods & Billings, 1997).Therefore, the Air Traffic Control (ATC) is likely to request drastic changes within the flight trajectory which would help to create a direct link between the ATC controllers as well as the automated systems within the air craft. In such type of cases, the pilot & the co-pilot has a role of mediator as well as translator. He is responsible to communicate each & every aspect of the automated machine which he/she intends to know in the invoke systems actions (Wiener, 1989). It has been seen that, within the traditional high workloads the flight pilots the pilots report o have an additional increase in the workload.

According to Wiener 1989, clumsy automation – has been referred to as the effect of automation on the workload. This would lead to redistribution of the workload over the time as compared to the overall decrease in the automation process which leads to new communication, coordination of the demands without supporting them. Workload in case of the aviation sector is not only unevenly distributed but sometimes also lead to operation problems while working in a team. The effect of workload is unexpected in the sense that, the quality of the workload is affected. Hence, it could be concluded that humans are no longer controlling the process themselves but monitor the performance with the help of the machine agents. This helps in order to impose new demands which require the operator to know more regarding the system as well as understand the design of the machine, manipulate & predict the behavior (Kaber & Riley, 2002).

The second alternative view of pilot interaction with automation could be discussed with the help new attentional and knowledge demands. With the use of the modern technology has led to the creation of new knowledge which would lead attentional requirements. With this type of technology, the users i.e. the pilots along with the co-pilots would be required to learn various aspects which would lead to high & complex systems which would meet the interaction levels of the same. In case of pilot interaction with automation would be to understand the input and output relationships which would help to anticipate their own entities (Wiener, 1989). Apart from learning the entire system, the pilots along with the co-pilots would be required to explore how to work on a particular system i.e. the various options available & deploy the different operational circumstances which would help to learn the various interfaces required to appeal the different modes & actions. Based upon an in depth research it has been seen that, human automation interaction has led to the narrowing of the gaps & misconceptions within the gap’s model. It has been stated that, most of the operators possess high levels of knowledge but are unable to recite the facts & apply the knowledge successfully within the actual context (Degani & Heymann, 2003). This problem has been referred to as “inert knowledge”. One of the ways with which the problem can be eliminated would be through fierce training as well as conditionalize the knowledge in the context which is utilized.

The complexity of the modern systems would not be able to fully convert the amount of time as well as the resources which are available mostly with the training programs, etc. hence, ongoing learning needs shall be taken into consideration which would help to support the various operators in order to correct & discover the model of automation.  Proper training events shall be used which would help to understand the automation works in a risk free environment. One of the major problems which can be seen with regards to the pilot interaction along with automation is in regards to the understanding of the systems (Diez, M et al., 1994).Hence, it could be concluded that the introduction of the advanced technology in aviation sector has led to various types of automated surprises. Interaction between the pilot & co-pilot with automation plays one of the crucial roles in the same. The essay majorly takes into consideration the issue of correct interaction between the user & the machine which helps in order to take display the information regarding the user. The machine helps to display the information which would enable the user to perform his or her task in a much reliable as well as an effective manner.

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