IT Management help on: Rational process

Description and instructions Policy making has been described as a ‘rational process’ by which the government of the day makes decisions affecting the lives of its citizens. The structures which exist in a rational process of government decision or policy making have been discussed in this section of the essay. Participants in the decision making process take into consideration descriptive steps (Institute of Local Government, 2012). The seven descriptive steps are identification of the problem; specify the objectives, development of the possible options, choice preferred, policy decision making, designing of the implementation strategy & review of the information. The first stage in the policy or decision making process would be to identify the issues which need to be addressed within the governing body. In-depth information regarding the same shall be provided which would help to get into the knitty gritty of the same. Once the problem has been addressed, objectives shall be specified which would help in order to achieve the same (Corkery, Land & Bossuyt, 1995). A clear evaluation of the policy objective at the end of the formulation process shall be made. Development of process as well as choices shall be made by the people involved within the governed body. Fair choice between the different options within the differing resource requirements as well as impact of the same over the potential problems shall be evaluated. This will help to evaluate the number of choices & alternatives available with the governing body in order to take a decision relating to an issue. The main role which is being played in formulating the policy options as well as evaluating the various options is to look into the suitability of the same in relations of the potential issue. In theory, each option would be given a different weighting based on its advantages and disadvantages in relation to realizing the objectives of the policy (Institute of Local Government, 2012). It would set out, for instance, who would gain and who would lose from each option. After this, a policy decision making shall be opted which would help to gather high levels of information & take up fair decision over a particular issue or the issue so addressed. Lastly, Promulgation and dissemination of a decision among the actors and stakeholders emerged as a significant element of the policy formulation process. This will help in bridging the gap between the formulation & identification of the decisions by the governing body (Bacchi, 2007).The decision making process has been referred to as a process which takes lot of time. The decision making process shall be such which would help to take up decisive decisions in long run. Though various interest groups would be involved in the decision making process as well as bring out high levels of resolutions within the same. Such types of processes will help the citizens who take up part in formulating the decisions for long run. The main focus will be to have an effective & efficient way of managing the entire decision making process & have an influencing outcome from the same (Institute of Local Government, 2012).This section highlights how the policy making occurs in local government. They are as under. Firstly, get an issue on the agenda which will have a little or no power acting alone. It must be kept in mind that, if there is any issue of problem being faced then it shall be addressed by the country as well as put it as a public agenda. Some of the issues shall be considered to be of relative importance that some alternative shall be taken into place. Innovations in technology such as use of internet, networking of the computers, etc have been referred to as the policy issues for local governments in today’s’ time (Corkery, Land & Bossuyt, 1995). In some issues, the community will have no choice but to act in such a manner due to the requirements specified within the Growth Management Act & Endangered Species Act. Such type of issues with the policies will need high levels of consent & support on the local agenda. It must be kept in mind that, the policy maker shall be prepared which would help to explain why various actions have been taken into consideration, discussions regarding the main issues, what all problems needs to be solved, implications of the same, involvement of the government, etc (Jones, 2009). Secondly, document existing conditions shall be kept in mind which will highlight the various types of issues. Issues within the local government will become a public agenda where there is a shared perception which consists of the following things such as the problems shall be solved, the issues needs to be resolved or an opportunity has been realized to overlook the same (Bacchi, 2007). Thirdly, goals & objectives shall be well specified which would help in the legislative body to perform at its best. Formulation as well as development of the goals would be referred to as an important part of the search agreement. The main idea of defining the goals as well as the objectives is to move the general idea in to a more specific means (Drobak & North, 2008). Some of the examples of the well defined goals & objectives will be preserving the green belts along with the natural areas, provide an efficient as well as a safe movement to the people and goods. The goal development process would be referred to as a time consuming process where in high levels of attention would be demanded by the governing board. In this process all the members within the governing board shall participate. Lastly, alternatives shall be generated which will help to attain the policy making within the local government. It shall be taken into consideration that, wide range of alternatives shall be kept in mind in order to implement any one of them (Government of South Australia, 2012). While deciding upon any of the alternatives, a strong support shall also be attached with it. The following shall be taken into consideration such as do not rely upon only one alternative, one shall take into consideration the cost aspect while selecting any of the alternatives & be respectful in regards of the cost to the government (Municipal Research & Services Centre Washington, 1999).There are various types of constraints within the process of policy or decision making. Some of them have been discussed in this section of the essay. The issues can be clubbed into three main groups such as perception issues, environmental issues & organization issues. Firstly, perception issues will lead to high levels of miscommunication within the individuals involved in the framing of the decisions & the environment they belong to. For example, when an individual requires information to sort out a problem then perception of the individual will have a major impact from where the information has been sought out. In this type of an issue, the perception will be influenced by the following i.e. the perceiver, the situation & the object (Corkery, Land & Bossuyt, 1995).

Secondly, there might be issues evolved from the organizational issues. Such type of issues will include the following i.e. policies & procedures, politics pertaining to the organization, the decision making process & hierarchy within the enterprise. The polices as well as procedures pertaining to the organization or the governing body will help in order to get rid of the problems & guide the people involved within the same to make decisions. Hierarchy within the enterprise refers to the management structure which is being followed within the organization. Most of the governing bodies have different people working within different levels of the management. The degree of authority will help in order to impact the nature of decisions (Bacchi, 2007).The last type of issues refers to the issues within the environment i.e. the external factors which would affect the entire policy or decision making process. Some of the external factors which would influence the decision making process would be the economy wherein it operates, government legislation, etc (Jones, Boushey & Workman, 2006).

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