Economics management help: Business Government Issue

Q.1.) Reform – Business Government IssueThe business government issue Reform of Nigeria has been analyzed. The opportunity exists for the policymakers of the Nigeria to merge current profits from the reform and to resolve the outstanding regions of reforms in the upcoming time (Stein, 2004).  The current program of the economic reform of Nigeria has emphasized the significance of structural reforms and macroeconomic stabilization and much of this has greatly achieved. Nigeria embarked the comprehensive program of the reform throughout the 2^nd term of the administration of Obasanjo. The reform program of the Nigeria concentrated on 4 major areas such as enhancing the environment of macroeconomic, implementing structural reforms, reinforcing the management of the public expenditure and using governance and institutional reforms. The information is required to know about the Reform program of the Nigeria (Pratt, 2004).Nigerians are proud individuals and their officials view recognition, acceptance, entry and support into the community nation. The Nigeria Government may be compelled to refer the reform, if the conditions of the engagement are apparent (Stein, 2004). The main challenge shall be the government test capability and willingness to convince the public into the global consensus. Despite the current success, Nigeria experiences various challenges in maintaining the economic growth and enhancing its wide development indicators. The opportunity exists for the policymakers of the Nigeria to merge current profits from the reform and to resolve the outstanding regions of reforms in the upcoming time. However, low capacity, weak institutions and corruption at the national level hinder the capability to implement and design the sufficient policies of the public. It is significantly imperative for the state government for improving the transparency of the budget strengthening the management of the public expenditure for adopting the Due Process Procedure and to concentrate on the growth strategies. By diversifying reforms at state level, the consequence of current reform program may be doubled. The second phase of the reform should move from macro to micro and use several growth strategies. As the part of the current economic reforms and there is targeted spending on several programs with extra financing received from the debt savings of the Nigeria. The state government must be encouraged to finance the related projects of the MDG for enhancing the social services delivery. Federal Government of the Australia must initiate the matching grants for better performing states.

Q.2.) Actions of the GovernmentVarious actions have been taken by the Nigeria Government regarding the reform business government issue.  It is viewed that Nigeria faced the prolonged phase of the economic stagnation, raising levels of the poverty and the minimization of the public institutions. Following economic stagnation years, Nigeria Country embarked on the complete reform program throughout the second condition of Obasanjo administration. The reform program was dependent upon the National Empowerment and Growth strategy and concentrated on 4 major areas such as enhancing the macroeconomic atmosphere, adopting structural reforms, reinforcing the expenditure management of the public and using governance and institutional reforms. The Government of the Nigeria started 2 institutions to handle the corruption in local business environment. The EFCC and Independent practices of the corruption and other associated offenses Commission are following the cases of the corrupt actions like corruption and Internet Fraud in the public office (Pratt, 2004).  The investigations of the EFCC have made better use of monthly revenue and indicating the significance of transparency and information in fight against the corruption. The ICPC and EFCC are significantly creating efforts in eliminating the idea of the untouchable man in Nigeria. Overall, despite current challenges, current governance reforms emerge to yield concrete results. There is minimization in corruption perception by the Nigeria firms in receiving trade permits, in procurement, in leakage of the funds of public and money laundering (Iweala, 2007).

Following the extensive evaluation of the system of the public procurement, the government started the Value for the Money audit and mechanism of Due Process in the public contract. The mechanism of the due process has promoted the process of the open tenders with the competitive tender for the contracts of the government (Iweala, 2007). For ensuring the competitive contracts costing, the database of the global prices was formed to help as the guide throughout the process of bidding. The government publishes the journal of public tender as the means of minimizing the patronage in the contracts award. Lastly, certification of the government projects is needed before any payment is made.

With the initiation of the mechanism of the Due process, there has notable enhancement in the capital spending efficiency. It is viewed that federal government had saved the funds in the kind of reductions from the increased prices of the contract. Initial Prices given by the contractors of the government have minimized significantly (Mumford, 1992). The reform of the Due process considered as most resisted and hated in comprehensive package of the reform and become successful, sanity, competition in the previous opaque region.Poor Governance and Corruption impacted public service and growth delivery in the Nigeria in several ways. Corruption distorts the environment for serving business and functions as the tax on the private investments (Pratt, 2004). In corrupt atmosphere, resources for the human capital and required investments like infrastructure, education and health are diverted. The basic tenet of the program of the reform was prioritizing the measures of anti corruption as the central element of reforms. Consequently, the program of the recent reform should be viewed as the starting steps of the journey of sustained growth and economic recovery (Iweala, 2007).  The significant challenge for the economy of the Nigerian was the macroeconomic volatility driven greatly by the external conditions of the trade shocks and the Nigeria country greatest reliance on the earnings of oil export. The central goal of macroeconomic reform is to soothe the economy of Nigeria for improving the execution and planning of the budget and to offer the platform for economic diversification.  The wide range of the structural reform was required to enhance the local climate of the business and improve the competitiveness and minimize the activity of the government in several sectors of the economic and to resolve the several constraints to the development. Despite the current success, Nigeria experiences various challenges in maintaining the economic development and enhancing its indicators of the broad development. The central goal of the reform was to make the economy of the Nigeria for improving the budgetary execution and planning and to offer the platform for the economic diversification.

Q.3.) Recommendations

One of the most significant issues that have successfully garnered widespread attention across Australia is the hue and cry raised over the legislation of Plain Packaging of Cigarettes. It is very important to identify the stakeholders in this regard. Speedy legislation must be implemented to ensure the resolution of the conflicts occurring. Conducting various campaigns can also entail greater participation of the Australian mass for the support of the legislation.

Plain Packaging for cigarette would entail a common packaging for all the tobacco companies throughout Australia (Kendrick, 2010). Hence the distinctiveness of the brand name would be lost. Thus this would give an opportunity to the customers to switch preferences. In order to address to the issue, the tobacco manufacturing organizations operating in Australia must form the coalition in order to guarantee a wide impetus to their protest.There are chances that the legislation would pave the way for the entry of the illicit traders in the market who would capitalize out of the prevailing situation. There will be no way to identify the brands of the illicit traders because the legislation entails the elimination of brand distinctiveness.  In such a situation they might sell low quality products in the market and raise higher income at the cost of the health of the citizens.

Moreover the legislation will entail greater awareness of the harmful effects of smoking hence the sale of the products would reduce entailing greater loss of their market share and income opportunities. The plain packaging would entail the elimination of the advertising and glorifying the packages for tobacco. The specific section of the society believes that smoking is not an activity to be glorified in any way rather it must be condemned across boundaries.

Plain cigarette packaging is a proposal that entails the legislation that required cigarettes to be sold in plain packages throughout Australia. There will be no place for advertising and branding rather the packaging will be consist of a logo free drab dark brown packaging with health warnings. This kind of the plain cigarette packaging would offer health warnings to the people and aware them to consume less of the cigarettes (Howard, 2004). This kind of packaging must be spread throughout the countries to offer the health warnings among the public.

One of the most significant issues that have successfully garnered widespread attention across Australia is the hue and cry raised over the legislation of Plain Packaging of Cigarettes. It is very important to identify the stakeholders in this regard. The stakeholders include the manufacturers, the advertisers, government, social organization and the customers. In this regard the government has stepped forward and has made their stand very clear for supporting the health rights of the citizens. It is recommendable for the Australia Government to identify the stakeholders and they must support the health rights of the citizen. As per my point of view, no changes are required in the given recommendation of the report after the discussion in the class.

Q.4.) In your future careers, when, as a manager, you have to deal with issues concerning a foreign government, how practical do you think stakeholder analysis would be in deciding what to do?It is realized that when Individual working as a Manager he is required to deal with the issues concerning the foreign Government (Boselie, Paauwe & Jansen, 2001). According to my opinion, Stakeholder analysis plays an important role while resolving the issues of the foreign government. It is very clear that understanding of the legal issues for the contracts of the Foreign Government considered as the authoritative and insider’s view on the basic strategies for advising and representing clients on basic legal issues which prevails when dealing with the foreign government. In general there are various issues in foreign government such as analysing of the risks, winning of the approvals and meeting of the deadlines throughout the process of the negotiation. Engagement of the stakeholders from the beginning enables the proactive fostering of relationships which may serve as the capital throughout the challenging times. Secondly with the help of stakeholder engagement it is easy for the Company to make the contact with impacted shareholders, when the organization is in the defensive and reactive mode as compared to the ideal mode. Like other functions of the business, the stakeholder engagement requires to be monitored (Boxall, 1996). It must be driven by the well-executed strategy and must have apparent set of goals, budget, timetable and distribution of responsibilities. All staff must be aware of program and recognize why it is being taken and what kind of implications it may have for the project outcomes. Allocation of the responsibilities for the engagement of the stakeholder to the units of the business and inserting it into the operations of the project and enhances the chances which will serve the objectives of project as compared to becoming the costly exercise which is out of reach with realties and increases estimations which may not be fulfilled. It is viewed that when stakeholder engagement is needed at the national level as compared to the domestic level, it might be more sufficient for government as compared to Private Company to facilitate and convene the debate of the public. The stakeholders does not seem to very supportive to the legislation because this might entail loss in their returns. From the business point of view the stakeholders are not interested in doing social service at the cost of their returns.

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