CPCCBC5003A:

SUPERVISION AND PLANNING OF AN ON-SITE MEDIUM RISE BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION WORK

By (Name)

Course

Professor’s name

University name

City, State

Date of submission

Table of contents

List of figures. 2

List of tables. 2

Abbreviations. 2

Assessment 1: Project Report for the building. 4

Sequence of operations. 4

Contingency plan for overcoming project delays caused by bad weather 5

Network diagram showing the critical path for the build. 6

Dates that the schedule will be reviewed for required changes. 6

Procedure for entering operations into the chosen construction scheduling system.. 6

Assessment 2: Appraisal of contractual documentation. 7

Assessment 4: Policies and procedures kit for induction of staff 7

OHS measures for the site. 7

Procedure for the management of hazardous materials found on site. 7

Policies for contract planning personnel to ensure their effectiveness. 8

Practices to improve efficiency and raise staff morale. 8

Procedures for employees working on multiple projects at the same time. 9

Assessment 5: Planning and managing resources on site. 9

Involvement of support staff. 9

Basic schedule for building work. 10

Services to be provided to on site employees. 11

Cost benefit analysis for management 12

References. 13

List of figures

Figure 1. Sequence of operations. 3

Figure 2. Critical Path for the proposed medium rise building. 5

List of tables

Table 1. Involvement of support staff on site. 8

Table 2. Basic schedule for build work. 10

Table 3. Services to be provided to on-site employees. 10

Abbreviations

AER               Australian Energy Regulator

CPM               Critical Path Method

CPS                Critical Path Scheduling

M&E              Mechanical and Electrical

OHS                Occupational Health and Safety

PPE                Personal Protective Equipment

WA                 Western Australia

Assessment 1: Project Report for the building

Sequence of operations

The construction sequence comprises of the operations outlined below:

S-E-F-F-S-W-M&E-F

Figure 1. Sequence of operations

Legend:

F_x =Current storey level

F_y =Subsequent storey level

As shown Figure 1 above, the initial operations are carried out sequentially, i.e., the site preparation, excavations and foundations and ground beams must occur one after the other. However, the subsequent operations may occur correspondingly depending on the extent of the progress on each floor, shown as

The descriptions below outline the main activities in each operation:

• Site mobilization:

Site mobilisation comprises of all the construction site preparation actions that occur after the contractor’s appointment and before any construction work. These preparations may include:

• Defining the building layout on site
  • Attainment of financial documents from requisite contractor, sub-contractor and suppliers
  • Identifying the appropriate communication channels to be used, both online and offline, for all the project members
  • Gaining the requisite regulatory approvals and compliance documentation
  • Procuring site equipment, materials and labourers
  • Installing quality assurance and inspection systems.
  • Formulation of the requisite documentation such as waste management plan, resource management risk assessment plan

Often, the activities included at the site mobilisation stage include demolition of any existing structures on site, clearing of any vegetation on site, gradation of demolition material for recycling or reusing activities, excavations, levelling and landfills. Additionally, the site analysis and feasibility studies are carried out at this stage. The information obtained from this analysis enables the project stakeholders and the contractors to make the most appropriate decisions regarding the construction.

In addition, a site survey is carried out at this stage. A site survey involves identifying the boundaries of the proposed building structure by a certified surveyor. The boundaries are usually set by physical markets such as pins (Loforte Ribeiro & Ferreira, 2010). The surveyor will also set out the elevation levels, instruct on the depths of excavations for the basement, and supervise site improvements and temporary structures placed on site. Soil tests are carried out to determine the soil type, composition and structure. Usually, these tests are carried out by the civil engineer or the geo-technical surveyor. The objective of carrying out the soil tests is to determine whether the soils are suitable for the proposed construction. Additionally, geotechnical tests are undertaken to determine the depth of the bedrock, groundwater and their condition. The information obtained are referenced when selecting the choice of foundations, determining the structure’s stability and the groundwater treatment.

• Excavations:

Excavations activities comprise of removal of earth and soils and overall preparation of ground works for subsequent construction operations. Usually, the top earth is removed by use of an excavator, positioned in a stockpile by use of a dumper truck. This operation will also involve cut and fill operations for any sloped sites.

• Foundations and ground beams:

These involves the casting of foundations and subsequent installation of ground beams. The choice of the foundations is informed by the structural drawings and may be any of the following forms: strip or pad foundations depending on the soil type.

• Floor slab;

These involves the casting of floor slab. The following considerations are made in casting the floor slab:

• Use of the requisite specified concrete, usually 25MPa
• Installing provisions for the drainage, electrical and sewerage facilities

• Structural works:

This operation involves the casting, and installation of the building’s structural frame. First, the columns are cast and let to set for at least 28 days, after which the beams are set and allowed to cure for at least for 28 days. This operation may be done concurrently with the walling operation as indicated in Figure 1. Consequently, after the columns and beams of the underneath floor are cured to approval, the walling on that floor may begin after the above storey’s slab has been poured.

• Walling:

This operation involves setting up the envelope walling systems, which may be brick, masonry stone or any other material specified in the construction drawings. This operation may be done concurrently with the structural works operation as explained in the Figure 1 above.

• Mechanical and electrical

This operation involves installing the necessary provisions for the mechanical services and wiring. In addition, the pipework for the plumbing is installed at this stage. This operation may be undertaken concurrently with the walling, with the completion of the structural frame of each floor.

• Finishes:

This operation involves installing the finishes for each section after the completion of the operations specified in the previous section. This operation may be done concurrently with the completion of each section, or all at once depending on the construction schedule.  

Contingency plan for overcoming project delays caused by bad weather

The Contingency Plan below will focus on all the operations listed in Figure 1.

Site mobilisation and preparation

Poor weather may result in delays in setting up of temporary facilities, transporting equipment and materials. Consequently, the following actions will be taken:

• Study the geotechnical, and site analysis reports thoroughly, and ensure that all personnel are aware of the site conditions, and the probable situation to be expected during excavations and foundations. If there are any bedrock or deep excavations of clay soils, arrangements will be made to make the appropriate decisions in setting out the building.
• Procure all materials and equipment in advance such that the excavations kick off with no further delays

Excavations

To mitigate any delays in excavations, the following actions will be taken:

• Prepare setting out and excavation equipment such that on the day of the expected better weather conditions, the work commenced immediately. Also, ensure that the requisite approval authority such as the architects and engineers are present during setting out.
• Enrol more personnel during excavations and foundations to ensure that the work is completed in a shorter duration of time, to allow time for the concrete to cure (Albert, et al., 2016).

Foundations and ground beams

To mitigate any delays in setting the foundations and ground beams; the main action will be to acquire more labour while mixing and setting the concrete mix, installing the reinforcement, installing the requisite formwork and setting the foundations and ground beams. This will greatly reduce the installation time, thus offering enough time for curing. Other subsequent action to be taken include:

• Ensure that all the requisite formwork, materials and equipment is on site prior to any works
• Carry out the concrete cubes test immediately installation, to provide enough time for analysis and investigation
• Ensure that the concrete mix is up to the requisite standard, so as to avoid any occurrences of demolition due to substandard foundations or ground beams.

Floor slab and floor beams

To mitigate any delays in setting the floor slab, more labour will be acquired to ensure a much shorter installation period. In addition, the floor slab of the subsequent floor will be set immediately the structural elements of the previous floor are cured and approved (Architects, 2010).

Structural works

To mitigate any delays in installing the structural works, more labour will be acquired.

Walling

Immediately after the structural elements of any parts of the storey levels are approved, walling or brick work will immediately commence on that part of the storey level, to architect’s and engineer’s approval.

Mechanical and Electrical works

Immediately the walling has been completed to approval, M&E works will commence to engineer’s approval.

Finishes

Finishes will commence immediately the M&E works of a particular section has been completed to approval. The finishes may take place concurrently across all the approved sections of the storey levels.

Network diagram showing the critical path for the build

The network diagram is a technique of creating a logical network using key classifications to represent the actions connecting them by lines that show dependencies (The Chartered Institute of Building, 2009). This is a system that provides a visual depiction of the interrelationships between the various construction activities. The network diagram may be used to establish the critical path of construction. The Figure 2 below shows the network diagram for the proposed construction:

Figure 2. Critical Path for the proposed medium rise building

Dates that the schedule will be reviewed for required changes

The following dates in the construction schedule will be reviewed regularly. These dates will be highly dependent on the approval of concrete cubes tests, and earlier completion of other construction operations to approval.

• Walling works
• Mechanical and Electrical works
• Finishes

Procedure for entering operations into the chosen construction scheduling system

The scheduling system chose for this construction is the critical path scheduling (CPS). The procedure for entering the operations is outlined below:

1. Establishing the requisite construction operations
2. Determining the sequence of operations as shown in Figure 1. The activities within operation must be identified and summarised.
3. Creating the network diagram, illustrating the interdependencies of the various operations, as shown in Figure 2
4. Estimation of the completion duration for each operation, with reference to project time estimates from prior experience.
5. Recognize the critical path by identifying the following parameters:

• ES- Early Start
• EF- Early Finish
• LS- Late Start
• LF – Late Finish

The critical path involves no delays in the operations, such that ES = LS and EF= LF.

• Continuous update of the CPM diagram with further development in the project

Assessment 2: Appraisal of contractual documentation

Special requirements for staged building works

The special requirements for any staged building works include:

• Use of the material specifications from the structural drawings
• Inclusion of the finishes detailed in the interior design drawings to the client and architect’s approval
• The structure ought to be inspected before any staged works commence
• A staged construction permit ought to be acquired before any works commence

Building permit application form

Figure 3.Building Permit Form.

 Source: Appendix 3

Notice for residents neighbouring the construction works

CONSTRUCTION NOTICE LETTER

TO: Residents neighbouring the construction site

RE: Residential construction on Norman Street

Date: May 25, 2020

Dear Resident,

The local authority of Raleigh has contracted Methoram Contractors Ltd to carry out the construction of a medium-rise building on Plot 89/23T along Norman Street, and work will commence as indicated in the construction schedule.

The first stage of construction will involve site preparation and mobilisation. Consequently, some boundary fences and vegetation may be cleared, and soil excavated. This may require select pathways to be partially closed and heavy trucks turning often along the street. Subsequent works will involve concreting, walling and finishes work, which may produce dust and noise. The contractors have taken steps to ensure that the earlier mentioned effects will be managed effectively for minimal disturbance.

Work will commence at 7.30AM from Monday to Saturday, and end at 5.30PM. As such we advise the residents to take the precautions: not to park along the affected street, beware of heavy trucks turning along the street, to avoid walking along the affected pathways.

We understand that the construction work may cause a short-term inconvenience, and we hope to work together with you in an amicable professional way. If you have any questions regarding this notice feel free to contact Methoram Contractors Ltd at the address (413)888- 6543.Thank you for your patience and cooperation.

Sincerely,

John Waltham (Student Name)

Project Manager

Methoram Contractors Ltd

Determination of construction work problems

When addressing any arising problems during the construction aggrieved party will be required to fill a form outlining the nature of their problem, and the location of the mentioned issue. The documentation that will be filled by the aggrieved party include: request for information (RFIs), daily site reports, correspondence and job diaries.

Subcontractors to be utilised

The Table 1 below shows the sub-contractors to be used at the various stages of the construction work. The subcontractors are derived from the Metharom subcontractor register attached in Appendix C.

Subcontractors	Skills speciality	Stage of construction involved in
Aqueduct Plumbers	Plumbing and sewerage works, including fixing faucets.	After casting the floor slabs After completion of the walling works During the finishes for the kitchen and wet areas
Electrical wiring	Electrical works	After completion of the walling works
Hercules Heating	Heating and air conditioning works	After completion of the walling worksDuring ceiling installation and finishes
Chic cabinetry	Carpentry, design and installation of wooden furnishings	During finishes for the spaces requiring the wooden furnishings and fittings such as kitchen, washrooms and laundry rooms
Gary the gasfitter	Gas works and installation of gas furnishings	After completion of the walling works
Glistening Glaziers	Glass works	After completion of the walling works
Raucous roofers	Roof work	After completion of the walling structure

Table 1. Subcontractors required for the construction works

Assessment 4: Policies and procedures kit for induction of staff

OHS measures for the site

The outline below shows the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) measures to be instituted and implemented on site. The measures will be categorised as per reference to Regulation 32-38 of Work Health and Safety (Construction Work) Code Practice of (Employment, 2015)

• Elimination of the risks and hazards:

• Minimising the risk
• Installing a safety net at the edge of the ongoing construction to ensure that falling debris does not fall on the surrounding residents and pedestrians
• Giving all personnel on site protective gear such as mud huts to protect them from falling debris
• Using a material hoist or crane to transport tools and heavy materials from one level to another to avoid development of musculoskeletal disorders among workers
• Administrative controls
  • Installing a ‘keep out’ sign and guard when dismantling scaffolds to minimise the risk of a person being hit by a falling object.
  • Scheduling training programs to teach workers how to work with new equipment

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Providing reflective vests and clothing for all labourers to ensure proper visibility on site.
• Providing ear plugs for any labourers that work near noisy equipment such as concrete mixers or vibrators.
• Providing hard hats with a neck flap for all individuals present on site.

Procedure for the management of hazardous materials found on site

For any hazardous materials found on site, such as harsh chemicals, solvents, explosives, radioactive materials or any other material defined as hazardous by Western Australia (WA) Dangerous Goods Safety Legislation, the following is the management procedure:

• For any of the hazardous materials that are required for fabrication or any construction process in small quantities, the minimum number of workers should be exposed to the material, and should be wearing personal protective clothing as stipulated in WHS (Employment, 2015).
• All hazardous materials must be approved by the Health and Safety officer and the head contractor before allowed any access on site
• A record of all the hazardous materials found on site must be promptly kept, with continuous updates and access to all site personnel
• All storage containers for hazardous materials ought to be marked and clearly identified with the requisite warning signs
• In areas where hazardous materials are found on site, or used during any works, the area ought to be barricaded with the appropriate fencing materials, furnished with the requisite warning signs for all site personnel
• Conduct awareness and raining programs for all site personnel on the handling, and management of hazardous materials found on site.
• Conduct regular health assessments for all personnel, especially those that may have com in contact with any of the hazardous materials.

Policies for contract planning personnel to ensure their effectiveness

• The project management shall select contract managers with the requisite skills set, and thorough understanding of all aspects of contracts regarding construction, and their interdependences (The World Bank, 2018).
• The contract managers shall be present at all site, design and client meetings and shall inform any of the construction parties of any concerns, matters arising or challenges that may arise due to the contracts in place.
• The contract managers shall keep an updated record of any amendments, or decisions made regarding any of the contracts, and shall be available to all site personnel on request.
• The contract managers shall be presently active at the procurement process, aid in selecting the most suitable procurement method for supplies, materials, sub-contractors or labourers, and draw up the necessary contracts as may be required
• The contract managers shall develop a contract management plan that will be agreed to by all the construction parties
• The contract managers shall develop a communication strategy, that will involve all construction personnel, and implementation steps. Consequently, the contract managers are expected to maintain effective and efficient communication with all personnel at all times during the duration of the construction, with updated records for the same (The World Bank, 2018).

Practices to improve efficiency and raise staff morale

• Match the employee skill set and work character to the tasks assigned. By providing tasks to the requisite individuals, their efficiency and overall productivity is greatly increased.
• Communicate clear, specific and focused goals to the teams and team members. The goals ought to be aligned with the project aims and are SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and timely.
• Provide incentives for a job well done by the employees, which match their preferences. For instance, offering public recognition or taking the staff out for a meal after completion of a tedious work during the week.

Procedures for employees working on multiple projects at the same time

• Employees that work multiple projects are required to prioritise their tasks effectively, according to the project timelines, with adequate flexibility between the projects. As such, such employees are required to track their tasks progress vis- a vis project timelines, and objectives.
• Such employees are required to maintain effective communication with the entire team, and delegate with proper clarity, communication and accountability to all team members.

Assessment 5: Planning and managing resources on site

Involvement of support staff

The Table 1 below illustrates the support staff that may be involved in the construction process

Support staff	Construction stage (when)	Involvement (how)
Clerk of works	Throughout construction	Represents the client’s interest on site and ensures that the construction drawings are followed to approval
Health and Safety Officer	Throughout construction	Represents the WHS on site. Ensures that the health and safety standards are followed on site.
Clerical staff	Throughout construction	Maintain the temporary office on site.
Site engineer	Throughout construction	Supervise all structural and engineering works on behalf of the designing engineers
Cost controller	Throughout construction	Aids the contractor in spending within the budget.
Ganger (gangmaster)	Throughout construction	Oversees operations of the casual labourers on site
Town planner	Setting out Design stage	Ensures that the construction land is utilised effectively for maximum economic, environmental and social needs

Table 2. Involvement of support staff on site

Basic schedule for building work

The Table 2 below shows a basic schedule for the building work

Operation	Normal duration time (days)	Required trade	Equipment/ plant requirements
Site Preparation & mobilisation	21	Project management Contractor	Temporary storage shelters Boundary/fencing Site boards
Setting out & Excavations	14	Site surveyor Project management Contractor Architect Engineers Quantity surveyor	Excavation equipment: power shovel, excavators, backhoe loader, graders Earthmoving gear: trencher, backhoe loader, Transportation equipment: cranes, backhoe loader
Foundations & ground beams	28	Project management Contractor Architect Engineers	Concreting equipment: compacters, concrete mixer, pavers, Formwork: bars, timber boards, Structural testing equipment: (Concrete cubes testing) Scaffolding: metal landings and bars
Floor slab	32	Project management Contractor Architect Engineers	Lifting equipment: mobile cranes, Builders hoist, Transmission equipment: wheelbarrows Concreting equipment: Compacting equipment Formwork: bars, timber boards,
Structural works	42	Project management Contractor Structural engineer	Lifting equipment: mobile cranes, Builders hoist,
Walling	84	Project management Contractor Architect	Transmission equipment: wheelbarrows mortar mixers Lifting equipment: mobile cranes, Builders hoist,
M & E	25	Project management Contractor Mechanical & electrical engineer	Lifting equipment: mobile cranes, Builders hoist, Scaffolding: metal landings and bars
Finishes	35	Project management Contractor Architect Interior designer Landscape architect	Lifting equipment: mobile cranes, Builders hoist, Scaffolding: metal landings and bars

Table 3. Basic schedule for build work

Note: the duration provided for the walling, floor slab, structural works, M&E and finishes are per floor only.

Services to be provided to on site employees

The services that ought to be provided for the welfare of the on-site employees include:

Service	Date (When it is required)	Price $	Supplier
Reliable electricity	Site mobilization	0.253 kWh	AER
Security lights	Site mobilization	69.95	Australian lighting and fans Ltd
108. 42	Nulighting Ltd
Security fencing/boundary	Site mobilization	210.00	Bunnings Ltd
263.90	Stratco Ltd
Telecommunication for site offices (telephones, Wi-Fi)	Site mobilization	60.00 /month	Vodafone Ltd
100.00 /month	Telstra Ltd
Fresh drinking water	Site mobilization	3.122 per kilolitre	Queensland Department of Energy and Water Supply
Sanitary conveniences	Site mobilization
Washing facilities	Site mobilization
Rest facilities	Site mobilization

Table 4. Services to be provided to on-site employees

Cost benefit analysis for management

Costs	Unit	Normal hours	Overtime hours
Construction labour cost
Planning	$	240	10380
Contract labour	$	15400	15400
Labourers and skills men	hours	900	37595
Capital costs	$	15500	15500
Total construction labour cost			78875
Amortized implementation cost			1735
Ongoing
Maintenance contract	$/month	1550	1550
Operational costs	$/month	1134	1134
Ongoing monthly cost			2534
Monthly cost			5281

Table 5. Cost benefit analysis

Recommendations

• Although it may be chosen to meet tight deadlines, overtimes may incur more cost with minimal quality achieved. Consequently, the author recommends against the use of overtime opportunities, except when extremely necessary such as facing tight deadlines due to unexpected conditions e.g., bad weather, global pandemic (The Construction Users Roundtable, 2004)

References

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