IT management assignment on: Human Computer Interaction

1. Introduction & Background:Human Computer Interaction refers to the process of planning as well as designing an interface which would help in order to have fair interaction between users i.e. people, computer devices. This refers to the type of an intersection amongst the various fields such as computer science, deed sciences, etc (Burtnyk & Wein, 2001). This would also help in the implementation of intersection within various other fields as well. It has been stated in one of the books that, computer refers to a device which would help in order to perform various open ended interactions amongst the users & the device (computer).

Dialogs amongst the various users of the device & computer would occur with the help of the user interface. The user interface would takes into consideration software & hardware. According to the various associations, HCI has been defined as one of the discipline which would help in order to design, perform, evaluate & implement one of the most interactive systems in their organization. Applicability of the same would help in order to interact with the various parties involved in the organization (Goldberg & Robson, 2009).The human computer interaction (HCI) majorly takes into consideration, dialogs from both i.e. computer & human side. Some of the aspects which should be taken into consideration in case of computer would refer to the software, programming languages, hardware, design interface, operating systems, etc (Goldberg & Robson, 2009). Whereas on the other hand, human side would take into consideration various theories, disciplines, social sciences, cognitive psychology & human factors. The success of HCI could be seen with the help of the people belonging to different groups. This computer interaction would help in order to deal with various multi-disciplinary attributes & also known as Man to Machine (M2M).

1. Current trends

With a rise in the overall connectivity amongst the people in the organization, the role of HCI could be seen in a much defined manner. The current technological trends which could be seen in case of HCI have been discussed as under:

Þ    Ubiquitous Computing: The first major trend which is notably seen in case of HCI would refer to the fact that use of the various computational devices would also help in order to interact amongst the users. Apart from the various work stations such as Desktops, desktops, etc people are being faced by various other gadgets such as laptops, Live Boards, etc. In the years to come various other technologies such as internet telephony would play one of the most important roles in the organization (Goldberg & Robson, 2009). This would help in order to interact with the users with the help of televisions, local connection with the help of local wires, etc. The technologies discussed above have been mentioned as “ubiquitous computing” as it involves use of computers all across rather than confined only to desks. It must be noted that, with the new & emerging trends within HCI, various challenges have been involved (Burtnyk & Wein, 2001). One of the major issues involved with this type of technology is in regards to the interface amongst the various computer devices (Goldberg & Robson, 2009). This technology trend in case of HCI should keep in mind that, the various applications proffered in such type of devices would consider the various uniform interfaces (Henderson, 2006). Use of the interfaces would help in order to learn different & much familiar applications which would help in order to retain as well as recognize the device which is currently operating. The system should be developed in such a manner which would help min order to meet the requirement of the users (Burtnyk & Wein, 2001). Developing the system would involve in the testing & research of the design. Various browsers in the World Wide Web (WWW) would help in order to offer interface which would give certain levels of uniformity.

Þ    Size, Bandwidth: The second major technological trend which could be seen with HCI refers in regards to the speed as well as the storage of the processor. Such interactive technologies would help in order to maintain cordial relationship amongst the users within the enterprise (Henderson, 2006). In order to utilize the interactive technologies, the bandwidth should be taken into consideration. Careful scrutiny of the bandwidth should be taken into consideration which would help in order to take up various technological advancements over the same (Burtnyk & Wein, 2001).

Þ    Use of language, Speech, Handwriting: The third major technological trend which could be seen in respect to HCI would refer to the presentation style of the information displayed on the output system (Henderson, 2006). By using speech, the presentation of the information would be increased. The output so generated by the system would help in order to determine the way with which the computer would be able to interact with the users & the computer based user interface. The natural language in case of text would be preferred. Use of more pictures should also be taken into consideration. The pictures would act more appropriate as compared to the written text (Goldberg & Robson, 2009).

Þ    Virtual Reality: The last technological trend in respect to HCI would be virtual reality.  Virtual reality would help in order to select as well as communicate the information with the various users of the information system (Burtnyk & Wein, 2001). Various application should be used which would benefit from the user interface (Henderson, 2006). The various applications which might be benefited from the user interface would refer to simulation, training. The interface must be designed in such a manner which would help in order to meet the demands of the consumers. This would act as one of the major challenges for HCI (Burtnyk & Wein, 2001).

1. Overall aim

The basic aim of HCI would refer to the improvement amongst the interactions amongst the user i.e. people & the computer devices. This would be done by the applicability of the new technology known as HCI. This system would help in order to use all the relevant information which would help in order to interact amongst all the people engaged within the organization.

The overall of aim of HCI has been discussed as under. They are as follows:

Þ    Use of proper & structured methodologies & processes which would help in order to design the various interfaces as well as optimize the resources amongst the given constraint of time (Henderson, 2006).

Þ    Various different methods for the implementation of the user interfaces such as use of software’s, hardware, etc.

Þ    Upgraded techniques should be utilized which would help in order to evaluate as well as compare the various user interfaces (Brooks, 2007).

Þ    New user interface should be developed which would help in order to interact amongst the various users (Burtnyk & Wein, 2001).

Þ    To implement & structure various descriptive as well as predictive models which would help in order to apply the theories of interaction in a firm (Henderson, 2006).

The main goal for HCI would be to design the entire system which would help in order to reduce the barrier amongst the user & the computer device. Human cognitive model should be adopted which would help in order to understand the needs of the users & accomplish it (Burtnyk & Wein, 2001). The practitioners at HCI would help in order to design the various applications for the computer devices to solve the various issues of the customers (Brooks, 2007). The applications implemented at the organization would help in order to design Graphic User Interface as well as interface for the web. HCI also helps the organization to develop various new designs which would help in order to experiment different types of hardware, software, new software’s available, develop the models for practicing interaction amongst the enterprise (Henderson, 2006).

One of the prime goal of HCI or the need to implement HCI in a given organization would be to manufacture various software’s which would be rendered to as one of the safest systems & most functional ones in terms of reducing the barrier amongst the user & computer devices. While developing the same, the following aspects should be kept in mind (Brooks, 2007).

Þ    Be well versed with the various factors & understand the applicability of the system.

Þ    To develop various tools & techniques this would help in order to make one of the best technology.

Þ    To possess effective, efficient as well as safe interaction amongst the users.

In brief, the main crux of HCI is that people who use the information system should be given top most priority. Different needs, capabilities of the user should be kept in mind while developing the design of the user interface. It must be kept in mind that, people should not adjust themselves according to the design made (Goldberg, 2008). Whereas, the designs should be made in such a manner which would help them in order to match with the requirements specified by them.

1. Literature Review

The literature review majorly takes into consideration one of the most important HCI system which is being adopted by many organizations i.e. the Performance Management. Performance Management (PM) refers to a type of system which would help the organizations to measure or evaluate the various goals in the most effective or efficient manner (Henderson, 2006). Performance management is implemented in any organization which would help in order to evaluate the performance of the organization as a whole, an individual department, employee or the products offered by the same (Goldberg, 2008).

The performance management system could be implemented at workplace, schools, or any other places where there is a need to interact with one another. According to Armstrong & Baron has defined Performance management as a strategic or an integrated approach to be understood by the people working in the organization (Goldberg, 2008). This helps in order to increase the overall effectiveness, efficiency of the organization thereby leading to a rise in the growth levels. This system would keep a track of the work done by the people working in the organization (Burtnyk & Wein, 2001).

With the help of the performance management system, the personal goals of the organization could be resolved with the organizational goals. This would help the employees to increase the overall effectiveness & efficiency of the same (Buxton, et al, 2003). This system could be applied in any department of the organization, organization as a whole, an individual section within the department. The performance management which is being applied in the various organizations is known as self-propelled performance process (SPPP).

It must be noticed that, the performance system would help in the facilitation of the strategic as well as operational goals. There is a direct correlation between the programs which would help in order to improve the overall business thereby leading to a rise in the organizational goals (Goldberg, 2008).

The current way through which the performance management is practiced within the organization is with the help of the spread sheets. This would help in order to record all the transactions under one head. The spreadsheets would be quite helpful in order to count on return on the investment, direct as well as indirect benefits from the sales figure, benefits in terms of operations, etc (Buxton, et al, 2003).

There is a need for a change in the overall performance management system in the organization. The re-design or the new performance management system would help in order to attain the following benefits. They are as under:

Þ    Gain in terms of finances

• Growth in sales figures
• Cost reduction in the organization
• Organization should be maintained according to the goals of the organization
• Reduction in the overall time which would help in order to create strategic as well as operational changes.
• Communicate the new goals to the users of the organization

Þ    Highly motivated sales force

• Improvement with the various
• Practice high levels of transparency
• Narrow the communication gap between the users as well as the computer device
• Achieve the organizational goal in a well defined manner.
• Well structured bonus or payment system
• Formulate various plans which would help in order to achieve the goal of the business.
• Development programs for the workforce which would help them to frame a different method of achieving the business goal

Þ    Better control over the management

• Meet the needs of the consumers, users
• Have better relationship between the data
• Modify the communication goals depending upon the strategic planning of the organization
• Better communication process within the organization to practice cordial relationship between the same

1. Evaluation

The usability of performance management system could be evaluated on the basis of the two performance management systems such as Human Performance Feedback Development & the e-Performance system. Both the systems have helped in order to measure the performance of the organization as a whole & provide proper feedback which would help in order to increase the effectiveness as well as efficiency of the same. The usability of the performance management system would help in order to see whether the system is being used properly or any type of change is required in the current system or not (Burtnyk & Wein, 2001). The various usability factors should be kept in mind which would help in order to see whether the current performance management system is being used appropriately or not. The factors to be kept in mind would consist of time to time completion of the performance system form, navigational problems faced by the users, reaction of the users towards the fulfillment of the needs, etc (Burtnyk & Wein, 2001).

Evaluation Aims:As mentioned above that, performance management refers to a type of system which helps the organization in order to keep a track record of the performance of the organization as well as the employees working in the organization. With the current performance management system, various issues were being seen (Kasik, 2002).

In order to overcome the issues, a new performance management system should be implemented within the organization. The main aim or goals of the re-designed performance management system would be to provide equitable source to contribute within the work force, to provide a protected environment to the employee as well as the employer & have high levels of work produced (Buxton, et al, 2003).

While practicing the evaluation process of the newly designed performance management system, the following steps should be taken into consideration they are as under:

Þ    Formulate an evaluation form

Þ    Monitor the performance measures

Þ    Guidelines for fair feedback

Þ    Have termination procedures

Þ    To have an evaluation schedule

6. Re-design Recommendations

As discussed above, the performance management system is required to be re-designed therefore the following recommendations should be kept in mind. Performance management would help in order to achieve short as well as long term goals, have a control over the assets & decrease in the level of liabilities (Burtnyk & Wein, 2001).

Following approaches could be recommended which would help in order to take care of the effectiveness & efficiency of the same.

Þ    Have a fair control over the cost as well as sacrifice the growth objectives: With the implementation of the newly designed performance system, fair control over the cost should be done. The main challenge of achieving the short as well as long term goals would be easily done (Burtnyk & Wein, 2001).

Þ    Value creation: With the implementation of the newly designed performance system, the organization would be able to value create for itself. The managers in the organization would be able to generate the resources & make improvements in the organization (Kasik, 2002).

Þ    Improve the level of alertness: With the implementation of the newly designed performance management system, the organization would be able to understand the implications & quickly update its strategies. The up gradation in the strategies would be quite helpful for the organization to act as winners (Burtnyk & Wein, 2001).

Þ    Respond to the various opportunities: The newly designed performance management system would be helpful for the organization in order to respond towards the different opportunities available. The main focus would be double the levels of profit, increase the people in the organization thereby leading to an increase in the overall effectiveness & efficiency of the same (Burtnyk & Wein, 2001).

1. Analyze

After the evaluation of the newly designed performance management system it should be seen whether the news system would be able to meet the further requirements of the users.The hierarchical task analysis (HTA) should be taken into consideration which would help in order to analyze as well as represent the various aspects such as training, decision making, etc. The hierarchical task analysis would divide the tasks into various sub-tasks (Bush, 2006). All the tasks would be then represented in a graphical manner. With the help of HTA the various needs, tasks & other evaluation of the new performance based management system would be done. This task analysis would be used in order ascertain the effectiveness as well as the efficiency of the same (Burtnyk & Wein, 2001).  It could be analyzed from the evaluation that various usability factors should be kept in mind which would help in order to see whether the current performance management system is being used appropriately or not (Burtnyk & Wein, 2001). The factors to be kept in mind would consist of time to time completion of the performance system form, navigational problems faced by the users, reaction of the users towards the fulfillment of the needs, etc (Burtnyk & Wein, 2001).

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