Decision making concepts:Consumer behavior

Decision making concepts:Consumer behavior

Decision making would be regarded as one of the key concept which would result in a cognitive as well as mental process. This would refer to selection of a particular alternative amongst the various alternatives available. In this particular case study, decision making would play a very important role in deciding which option should be taken into consideration. During the decision making process, a final alternative is bound to be selected which would help in order to attain some final choice. The output to be chosen would be an opinion of choice.From a psychological perspective, it could be examined that the individual needs would context set of needs. The preferences of the individual should be taken into consideration. The decision making process from a cognitive perspective should be regarded as an ongoing process. This would help in order to interact with the environment which would help them in order to take up a rationale decision. From a normative perspective, it should be analyzed that, the entire decision making process would be converted into a logical decision making as well as make a rationale choice. This would help in order to see whether the choice made regarding the option is correct or not.

The decision making process has been regarded as problem solving activity. This would help in order to seek whether the option chosen is relevant or not. This would also tell whether the option is apt & the solution is satisfactory or not. Hence, the decision making process would be regarded as an emotional, rationale as well as an irrational process which might be based upon various pre assumptions, tactics, etc.

One must keep in mind the various approaches as well as the things while taking up a decision. It should also be noticed that all decisions are made in an unconscious state of mind. Before taking up the decision it must be noted that, the pros & cons of the decision or the option to be opted should be taken into consideration. This would help them to know whether the decision to be opted for should be opted or not.A logical decision making refers to one of the most essential part. This would also help in order to apply the knowledge in a give n specified area. This would also help them to take one of the most informed decisions. It must also be noted that, the experts should use various informed rather than intuitive decisions. Certain robust decisions should also be taken up by the experts who would help them in order to take up various prime decisions. The decision analysis should be recognized as well as various uncertainties should be taken into consideration which would help the organization in order to rationally take up certain decisions.

The decision making process majorly take into consideration the various alternatives. These alternatives should be weighed on the basis of the various evaluation criteria. The criteria on the basis of which the options should be measured would be related to cost & the benefits attached to it. On the basis of the attractiveness of the option, an alternative should be selected. The main goal of the organization would to increase the profits as well as select that alternative which would benefit them in the years to come.

Communication concepts:

Communication refers to one of the most important activity which would help any organization in order to convey the meaningful information as well as share their thoughts & ideas. In order to have a proper communication channel, there should be a sender, a message, transmitter & a recipient. Communication refers to a process which would be completed once the receiver understands the message sent by the sender. Communication refers to a process which would help them in order to share one’s feelings as well as share a common communicative commonality.

Supportive communication:

The supportive communication refers to a positive relationship amongst the communicators which handles the various kinds of problems or issues. This type of communication would help in order to have a negative feedback as well. This would help in order to not only judge the positive aspects of the person whereas not only to produce a social acceptance. It has been seen that, any organization having a supportive communication would be quite helpful in order to have high levels of productivity, less number of conflicts among the people working in the organization, subversive activities, high quality of outputs, etc.

Descriptive communication:

The next type of communication to be taken into consideration would refer to descriptive communication. This means that the communication would be descriptive in nature rather than evaluative. In this type of communication, the individual would make a clear cut judgment by evaluating or measuring the behavior of various individuals involved in the organization. Under this type of communication, the person would not respond as defensively.

The decision to evaluate the various alternatives would also come under this category. It is quite difficult to evaluate the various alternatives as well as use the various strategies which would help them in order to reduce or eliminate the alternatives available.

The descriptive communication would majorly involve three basic steps. They would be as under:

The first step in the description communication would be to describe briefly the objectives as well as the various events which would occur or the different types of behavior which might be modified. Relying on the various elements as well as evaluating the behavior is quite neutral or normal.

The second step which would be included in the descriptive communication would include the various behavior as well as its consequences. In this step the major focus would be upon the various reactions & the consequences of the behavior. Describing the feelings, emotions & the consequences would lessen the problem framed & object the feelings of the communicator or the sender.

The third step which would be included in the descriptive communication would be to accept the alternatives available. This would help in order to separate an individual from their behavior. It must be noted that, the behavior of the person or an individual would be modified as per the convenience of the organization.

Effective listening:

Effective listening would refer to one of the major aspects in communication. Unless & until both the parties i.e. sender & the receiver would listen to each other’s feelings, emotions, etc the entire communication process would not be completed. Communication would be called productive if and only if it is two rather than a monotonous one. The supportive communication refers to one of the most important aspect which would respond effectively towards the completion of the statements.

Effective listening or active listening refers to a technique in communication which would help in order to understand the listeners’ point of view, share each other’s feelings, etc. The effective listening would refer to a technique which would help them to count, interpret, evaluate, etc. The ability to listen actively would help in order to improve, cooperate, strengthen the relationship, reduce the conflicts, create cordial understanding amongst people, etc. When people interact with one another, they should listen to each other attentively. Effective listening refers to one of the finest ways, through which the other person would respond to by focusing attention, thinking about other things, suspending judgment, internal activities, etc.

Conflicts concepts:

Conflict management involves implementing strategies to limit the negative aspects of conflict and to increase the positive aspects of conflict at a level equal to or higher than where the conflict is taking place. Furthermore, the aim of conflict management is to enhance learning and group outcomes (effectiveness or performance in organizational setting) (Rahim, 2002, p. 208). It is not concerned with eliminating all conflict or avoiding conflict. Conflict can be valuable to groups and organizations. It has been shown to increase group outcomes when managed properly.

Models of Conflict management:

There have been many styles of conflict management behavior that have been researched in the past century. One of the earliest, Mary Parker Follett (1926/1940) found that conflict was managed by individuals in three main ways: domination, compromise, and integration. She also found other ways of handling conflict that were employed by organizations, such as avoidance and suppression.

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