QUESTION
First is 1,500 words assignment which I choose the policy of “Drug Legalization” and it’s also required at least 15 references. And you need to follow the bellowing instruction
the work is about:
You must develop and submit a public policy paper of 1,500 words. You must decide on a public policy area that you believe is in need of reform or improvement. You should write the paper from the perspective of a policy officer charged with the task of drafting a policy for consideration by management. The primary goal is to present a paper which provides sufficient compelling evidence and justification to result in the new or amended policy being supported by management. You should address the following issues:
Describe the policy you would implement and include:
Background and context of the policy area
The reasons why the policy should be adopted .
Whether the policy would be accepted by the public
What considerations should be taken into account in order that the policy be accepted by the public
Whether or not the policy conflicted with existing governmental policy
Whether or not the policy conflicted with existing laws
Whether or not implementation of the policy would require drafting new laws
If so, what provisions should be made to amend existing laws/enact new laws
Suggested structure for the paper:
1. Introduction of policy issue including what the new or amended policy is and the need for change
2. History and context of policy issue
3. Analysis arguing need for policy change
4. Analysis considering restrictions or factors impeding change
5. Conclusion and recommendations
Second, this part is 750 words assignment
By using the references from above assignment and for each reference, you must write about 50 words that outlines the main argument or findings described in the reference. So totally is 750 words at least.
SOLUTION
Drug legalization policy was introduced in US way back in 1914 with the Harrison Act, before signing of this act many prohibitions were made on usage of drugs and due to which there were many drug-related murders, which became high during the period of prohibition and went down with the removal of prohibition. There are many legalization policies laid by the governments of many countries but they have had a drastic effect on the public than being helpful to the public. The impact of the drug prohibition was same to that of the impact of the alcohol prohibition, neither was successful and the rate of usage of drugs increased. Having gone through all the important documents below is the Drug Legalization policy laid down along with the notes of how useful it would be to the government and why would the public accepts it.
DRUG LEGALIZATION POLICY 2012
This policy is drafted keeping in view all the pros and cons of drug prohibition and the impact of legalizing the usage of drugs. We all know that many countries have said no to drug legalization because it would have a drastic impact on the social norms and effect the living environment of the individual, but rather than prohibiting it is better to legalize its usage in way that people mostly children and adolescence can avoid it may be not completely but to a greater extent. This policy includes the following norms such that a better success can be attained than the prior policies.
– Legalizing the selling of drugs in the market
– Usage of a replacement drug which provides good impact to the health of the youngsters, but looks alike.
– As we have replacement for prohibiting smoking it would be better to invent such medicines which act as replacement to the addictions of drugs, but create a same impact in a healthy way
– It is better to wage war on drugs through surgeons than attorneys and police
– Legalizing the usage will reduce the expenditure of criminalization which has had an adverse effect than the expected tangible results
– It is always advised to acknowledge the public with the drastic effects of drugs but we know in the current scenario public know better than the government, they use the lope holes in the government law and seek more drugs when prohibited.
– Many policies such as the Commission of Enquiry into the Non-Medical Use of Drugs, the 2002 Canadian Senate Special committee on Illegal Drugs, and the 2002 House of Commons Special Committee on the Non-Medical Use of Drugs etc. were implemented in legalizing the usage of drugs and also for decriminalization of the usage of drugs such as marijuana, but still there has been much impact in the society.
– Criminalization of the usage of illegal drugs has a drastic effect of gang-war or back market sale of drugs by those people who care nothing for the society and its norms. Thus, legalizing the usage will help the government in having control over the market and its sales.
– By legalizing the usage of drug government is at a benefit of regulating its production and also receiving tax on its production and use, it can make strict rules of criminalization for illegal trafficking and exportation of drugs such that the market is in its control.
– By legalizing the usage of the drugs government can invest the resources in prevention and education programs which help in promoting the awareness of health risks and consequences involved in the usage of drugs
– Education programs both to the children and parents such that the understanding between these two generations will help the government in reducing the marketing of the drugs. We need to educate the parents to be free with their children such that they are ready to discuss their issues and troubles with them, once this freedom continues parents will have proper idea of the things happening in their child way of living and can help them in guiding them the path to be taken and how to come out of the clutches of drugs and their effects.
– Many socialists and attorneys argue against the legalization of usage of drugs but they have to note that the implementation of strict theories such as the reactance theory (Brehm & Brehm, 1981) where once the freedom of choice is restricted people get more attracted to it, principle of scarcity (Cialdini, 1985; Lynn, 1992) states that if the goods are made scare by artificiality then their want for those goods may increase, have no much impact on the people using the drugs. For example, if we restrict a child from touching a candle with the care that it will hurt them, they become more curious to touch it until they feel the pain. In the same way by restricting the people from using drugs they tend to use them more and their want also increases.
– Reverse usage of the above stated theories may be helpful in reducing its usage, than prohibiting them it is better government legalize its usage then the demand for the commodity decreases as the supply increases and it reduces the attraction of people towards the commodity
– Along with legalization of drugs decriminalization can also be implemented to discourage the drug use. Decriminalization reduces the penalties against the usage of drugs and in turn reduces the deterrence effect and stigmatization effect, although it may not completely eliminate it. (Single 1989). Critics as stated above argue that it would send a wrong message and also that it is against the social norms but it did not appear to have happened after decriminalization of drug usage (marijuana).
– Government should bring in the control of drug manufacture under a private institution formed under the regulations of the government as its affiliations. With this the gangsters and other unlawful people will have no idea of its original owner and will contribute their sale proceeds to the government.
– This policy of legalizing may be same when compared with the other policy but the plus point in the given policy is that is the combination of the gist of all the policies by the government and tries to work over the cons of the other policies to attain betterment in legalizing drugs and their usage.
– Enforcement of prohibition and criminalization of usage of drugs had increased the criminal records and also the burden on courts in Canada in the 1960’s and 1970’s because of which the government had to liberalize its laws on drugs. The expenditure on prohibition of drugs was more than the results it gave thus it were advised to the government by the Le Dain commission to legalize the use of drugs by which the Canadian government is now at a better stage in reducing the use of drugs than it was earlier. By legalizing the usage of drugs it got better funding and also illicit drug usage became an issue of health problem than a problem of bureaucrats in charge.
– Legalization of drugs must be made in a way that it does not affect the society norms, i.e. by providing a special area for using of drugs and also by providing those drugs which have been medicated. By medicating the drugs their impact can be reduced and by which people get less addicted to it.
– There must be separate unions and social networks made available such that people gain more knowledge of what is actually happening with the usage of drugs and their views on the same. A forum must be made to deal with all the issues people face by using these drugs such that government can take measures to cure them medically by which the affect becomes mere medical and not notorious as it used to have actually
– Usage of drug is also symbol of prestige in young people and it is on this prestige that the government needs to target. In adolescence age we tend to fall in for provocation and it is this point which the youngster needs to lay control on and also learn that by using drugs his image is not reflected properly.
– We all know that children and youngsters are attracted to the acts made by their favorite actor or actress, then it would be great to utilize their help in publicizing the wrongful impacts of drugs and make them publicize those drugs which look alike, taste alike but have a better result than the illicit drugs. This publicity will for sure attract the youngsters and even adults because it is common psychology of humans to imprint those things done by their favorite actors and actresses.
From the above stated norms we understand that legalizing drugs is more helpful to the government and the society as it helps in reducing the military, criminal and judicial costs to the government and developing the sense of responsibility in the citizens towards their society and their country.
REFERENCE & EXPLANATION:
- Lana D. Harrison, Michael Backenheimer, and James A. Inciardi, History of Drug Legislation, BJS & Inciardi, CEDRO, 1992; http://www.cedro-uva.org/lib/harrison.cannabis.05.html:
The link defines the history related to drug legislation in United States. It gives a brief note on history of this legislation.
- James Ostrowski, Cato Institute Policy Analysis No. 121: Thinking about Drug Legalization, 1989; Retrieved from http://www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/thinking-about-drug-legalization
This analysis clearly stated that we would never accept to leave anything which is prohibited, the more it is prohibited we develop the need for it more, thus it is essential to legalize usage of drug because prohibiting has not given much better result but increased its want. In this analysis James has explained how prohibition of drugs increased the crime rate and graphically analyzed how the crime rate got down after removing prohibition and legalizing it.
- Ø James A. Inciardi, The Drug Legalization Debate, Sage Publications, Inc., 1999, University of Delaware:
This debate explained the focus and spirit of widely adopted and acclaimed principles in its first edition and its second edition it explains several alternatives and addresses several issues America faced in drug controlling, it also explains the history of drug use.
- Dr. Jeffrey A. Schaler, Department of Justice, Law and Society, The American University School of Public Affairs,1997; Retreived from http://www.schaler.net/drugcrim.html:
This explained the approach for Drug control in a free society from at least three perspectives. In this debate prohibitionists and legalizers ironically believed in medical model of addiction. It is also explained that the notion of “loss of control” is an integral part of prohibitionist and public-health policies.
- Ø Cato Policy Report, Saving Taxpayers Money through Drug Legalization, 2010;Retrieved from http://www.cato.org/pubs/policy_report/v32n6/cpr32n6-6.html:
This report states the different modes of saving money through drug legalization; it states the advantages available for different tax payers and also states the impact of ending drug prohibition of budget of the state.
- Ø Kevin A. Sabet, Prohibition’s real lessons for drug policy, Los Angeles Times, 2011;Retrieved from http://articles.latimes.com/2011/oct/05/opinion/la-oe-sabet-prohibition-20111005:
This article explains about prohibition which was a failed social experiment in America to rid the country of alcohol. It provides answer to a question as to what lesson should we be taking from America’s experiment with prohibition on drug policy. One is that being a legal substance the prices are low and heavier use results in heavy social costs.
- Ø Theodore Dalrymple, Don’t Legalize Drugs, City Journal Spring, 1997; http://www.city-journal.org/html/7_2_a1.html:
This journal states the practical applicability of drug legislation and that it is exceedingly difficult to make people take consequences of their own actions. It defines the different problems of legalization and the slippery slopes present in the last 30 years.
- Ø Adj Jaffe, Ph.D, Global Commission on Drug Policy: Legalization, decriminalization, and the war on drugs, All about Addiction, 2011; http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/all-about-addiction/201106/global-commission-drug-policy-legalization-decriminalization-and-the:
This document explains about the report made by a commission constituted of big names, which released a report on addiction that created noise all over the TV channels. Jaffe explains about the report and his opinion on the report. This report has provided some good points for “Should we legalize drugs?” argument. This report solely focuses on arguments in favor of drug legalization and decriminalization.
- Ø Liberal Biennial Convention, January 13 to 15, 2012 Topic 117 – Legalize and Regulate Marijuana; http://convention.liberal.ca/justice/117-legalize-and-regulate-marijuana/:
This convention deals with regulations taken by the liberal government to legalize drug and also explained the different issues the government faced by prohibiting the use of drugs.
- Ø Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, Legalizing Marijuana – Issue to consider before Reforming the California State Law, Testimony presented before the California Public Safety Commission, 2009; http://www.rand.org/pubs/testimonies/CT334.html:
This testimony the writer explains the different cost – effective analysis to be taken by the government before taking the major step of legalizing drugs.
- Ø Bruce K. Alexander, The Roots of Addiction in Free Market Society, 2001;
In this Bruce argues that dislocation in the necessary precursor of addiction, it explains the initiatives taken by the City of Vancouver in promoting the major and new initiative on drug addiction based on four pillars such as treatment, prevention, law enforcement and harm reduction.
- Ø Diane Riley, PhD, Drugs and Drug Policy in Canada; A Brief Review & Commentary, 1998:
In this commentary the author states the drug warrior attitude of Canada, the problems it faced in drug prohibition and the advantages of legalizing the use of drugs.
- Ø Alison Ritter, Kari Lancaster and Katrina Grench, Drug Policy Modeling Program, Monograph 21, 2011;
This is an assessment of illicit drug policy in Australia (1985 to 2010), with different themes and trends considered for the explanation by the members of the National Drug and Alcohol Research Center. This is one of the monograph forms of the Drug Policy Modeling Program (DPMP) under the Monograph Series. The main of basis of this monograph is to lay down a valuable Drug Policy in Australia.
- Ø Robert J. MacCoun, Drugs and the Law: A Psychological Analysis of Drug Prohibition, 1993:
This book states the ongoing debate of psychotic drugs and the implementation of the 7 mechanisms for legalizing the drugs and the advantages of legalization, discrimination positions. This debate has been ongoing for 20 years in the United States and also explains that legalization and decriminalization are more advantageous when compared to prohibition.
- Ø Gerber, Rudolph Joseph, Legalizing Marijuana: Drug Policy Reform and Prohibition Politics, 1938;
This book by Judge Rudy Gerber recounts the history of criminalization of medical drugs which are harmless, the political impact on the same. It describes the different drug reforms taken by the US government. He has given a complete description of war of drugs and different campaigns from different socialists.
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