Sociology Assignment Help online: Description on global poverty , issues and common goods
Q.1. Describe the Issue
Solution::
Ans. Today we are living in a world of rapid changes. As we shift in informational age, there is vast sea of knowledge, technology and innovations, which are increasing day by day. Our society, work and culture are also stepping into a new phase. As a result of change, there is sharp increase in the material wealth, but only for a small portion of population. A major portion of population has been excluded from such development changes. This gives birth to extreme poverty, inequality between countries and themselves, which forms a vicious circle around the world economy. Today in this developed and globalized world poverty is the major concern in the mindset of every economy. It is estimated that approximately 1.29 billion of population are living in extreme poverty (Ravallion, 2012). However, the number is growing day-by-day, which is becoming a major cause for almost all countries to have peace and prosperity in their country. (Word Count: 154)
Q.2. Explain why this is an Issue of Justice or the Common good
The word poverty may be defined as the inability of a human being to satisfy the basic needs such as food, water, clothing and shelter, which are required for living. According to World Bank, the word poverty has many dimensions, which include low income, low level of health and education, not proper access to basic needs and sanitation. However, many economist focus poverty on material needs, which includes the necessary requirements for basic living such as food, water, clothing and shelter. Over 1 billion people of world population are living in extreme poverty. This is because their purchasing power is so less to ascertain the basic needs for attaining the basic standard of living (United Nations, 2012). However, the number is growing day-by-day, which is becoming a major cause for almost all countries to have peace and prosperity in their country. Even the richest country can only survive and establish peace and prosperity in their country by joining hands in fighting against poverty. (Word Count: 164)
Q.3. Explain the people or groups who have a stake in the issue and analyze their perspective
According to World Bank, the word poverty has many dimensions, which include low income, low level of health and education, not proper access to basic needs and sanitation.
Poverty may be measured into Absolute and Relative poverty. Absolute poverty may be defined as a situation that occurs when a human being is unable to attain the adequate resources, which are required for consuming minimum level of health. That is, absolute poverty occurs when a human being cannot afford to obtain the minimum requirement of food, clothing, health care and shelter. Absolute poverty should have same level in different countries, culture and technological levels. One of the main advantages of measuring poverty by absolute measure is that same standard are applied in different countries and time period, which makes comparison easier.
Relative poverty may be defined as a situation that occurs when a minimum standard of living is determined by the government but a human being is unable to ascertain that minimum standard of living. Measuring poverty by relative measure has the disadvantage that it does remain same in different countries and culture because of unequal level of income distribution. It is because of unequal level of income distribution, inequality among people occurs, which gives birth to poverty and hampers peace and prosperity in the country. It is possible to control poverty by absolute measure but it is not possible to ascertain control on poverty using relative measure of poverty (Gordon, 2012).
According to United Nation, it is estimated that the world population will increase from one billion to seven billion by 2015 in developing countries. However, with the increasing population, the level of inequality will also increase, which becomes a global risks and threat among developing countries. With such developments, poverty and the growing inequality becomes the fundamental problem in developing countries, which seeks to acquire urgent attention to reduce poverty so as to prevent future conflicts and establish peace and prosperity in the developed countries (Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2012).
Many economist focus poverty on material needs, which includes the necessary requirements for basic living such as food, water, clothing and shelter. Over 1 billion people of world population are living in extreme poverty. This is because their purchasing power is so less to ascertain the basic needs for attaining the basic standard of living. Many economists also focus poverty on its social aspects, which include lack of access to information, education, health care, etc. (United Nations, 2012). Even the richest country can only survive and establish peace and prosperity in their country by joining hands in fighting against poverty. However, many international communities have adopted the target to reduce the poverty by the year 2015. This target can only be achieved if the poverty is clearly understood by the international communities and also understand the causes, which give rise to poverty. Moreover, if the target of reducing poverty is taken as a shared mission by the international communities as unity is the biggest strength and power to fight against evil, only then, the poverty can be reduced globally, thereby, establishing peace and prosperity in the world. (Word Count: 521)
Q.4. Analyze the issue in terms of the principles that have been studies that promote human flourishing
Poverty has been one of the major issues in the mind set of every developed country. Each developed country needs to join hands in fighting against poverty. However, poverty from the world can only be reduced if the target is considered a shared international mission. Reducing global poverty has come to be an important aspect for international communities as a global task which goes beyond development policy. For the developed countries, poverty reduction is an important aspect of its overall development, which is joined by the principle of sustainable development. Every developed country is working towards reducing the poverty. Some of the strategies of reducing poverty are as follows:
- Establishment of Strong Economic Structure:
One of the strategies to reduce poverty in developed countries is the establishment of strong economic structure, which will improve the quality of life for poor population as well as increase the growth of the country. This can be achieved by increasing activities in private sector investments, improving sector-related regulations, and building strong social and economic infrastructure.
- Generating Employment Opportunities:
During the Copenhagen Declaration on Social Development of the world summit for social development in 1995, all countries have promised to provide full employment in their respective countries. However, to achieve this strategy, countries need constant adjustment with forward thinking and forward planning. Moreover, with more employment opportunities, the rate of productivity and income will increase and thereby, contribute towards poverty reduction.
- Reducing Dept-Financing Development:
In order to achieve the target of poverty reduction, more financial resources needs to be generated. This means making use of developed countries own resources and encouraging the private sector to invest in the development of poor countries. Moreover, developed countries needs to adopt measure to strengthen the international financial architecture with a vision to establish stability in the financial markets.
- Improvisation of Social Protection:
The living standard of poor people can be improved by basic social services. Developed countries need to work together to expand such services, which includes, support the fight against HIV/AIDS, supporting social sector reform programs and supporting towards the development of security systems during emergencies and develop measures to cope up with difficult life-threatening situations. Also, studies have shown that due to low-income population, there is a high risk of education underachievement. Hence, developed countries need to make provision for providing education to low-income population (Besley &Burgess, 2012).
- Ensuring access to vital resources:
One the major threat to poor people livelihood is the increasing destruction of natural resources. With increase in cost of living standard, poor people are unable to afford items. As a result, people living in poverty are forced to exploit the ecosystem to a point beyond repair. Hence, developed countries need to take corrective measure that supports activities for environmental and resource protection both nationally and internationally, which will help in sustaining natural and vital resources.
- Development of Gender Equality:
One of the key factors of reducing poverty in the world is the gender equality. Developed countries need to create measures that eradicate discrimination between men and women. Moreover, developed countries need to increase their support in proving basic education facility to girls and women, which will improve women opportunities to have equality in the society. Also, due to poverty, it becomes difficult for poor population to survive the basic standard of living. As a result, many females and young girls adopt prostitution as a means for surviving the basic standard of living. Hence, developed countries need to adapt strategies that can protect girls and women from child prostitution.
- Respect to Labor Standards:
One the major aspect of reducing worldwide poverty is to have a faithful attachment to human rights as well as to the core labor standards. Developed countries need to improve the legal and institutional framework for implementing international human rights and core labor standards with the support of International Labor Organization program for promoting respect to labor standards.
- Good Governance:
One the major causes that affects poor people in developed countries is the lack of good governance. Good Governance, which provides human rights, democracy, and participation in decision-making, is the key success factor for establishing peace and prosperity in the country. This also includes fight against corruption, establishing sound environment for social and economic development with rule of law. Moreover, because of corruption, democracy becomes weak that perverts allocation of resources. Hence, developing countries should have strong democracy that can fight against corruption and prevents poverty (Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2012).
CONCLUSION:
Reducing global poverty has come to be an important aspect for international communities as a global task which goes beyond development policy. For the developed countries, poverty reduction is an important aspect of its overall development, which is joined by the principle of sustainable development. Faced with new economic, technological, social and ecological challenges, the government intends to develop its international policy, especially foreign, security and development policy, in such a way that it will help secure the global future. For development policy, poverty reduction is an overarching task to which contributions are made by measures from all fields of sustainable development (social justice, ecological compatibility, a thriving economy) as well as by measures relating to the political dimension – fostering democracy, the rule of law, and peaceful conflict settlement. Even the richest country can only survive and establish peace and prosperity in their country by joining hands in fighting against poverty. However, many international communities have adopted the target to reduce the poverty by the year 2015. This target can only be achieved if the poverty is clearly understood by the international communities and also understand the causes, which give rise to poverty. Moreover, if the target of reducing poverty is taken as a shared mission by the international communities as unity is the biggest strength and power to fight against evil, only then, the poverty can be reduced globally, thereby, establishing peace and prosperity in the world. (Word Count: 240)
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