QUESTION
This assignment is 1 part of 4, what I need from you is a 2000 word literature review
Focusing on Nursing in Australia
Scope of Practice this is the different levels of nursing but needs to focus mainly on the registered nurse and the enrolled nurse and on the different scopes that these have and how with all the demands on enrolled nurses and how confusing it is, (not the practising registered nurse) .
Perception , this needs to be on precepting as a new graduate registered nurse, so on precepting endorsed enrolled nurse, assistant in nursing, and student nurses It needs to include a definition of the both
Needs to explore the issues in the real world.
Assignment 2: Professional issues in nursing
Part B
NUR365 Professional Nursing 2 Assignment 2 Part B: Information and guidelines 2 Remember: You are returning to your drafts from the Reflective Journal Entries 1 and 2 you developed in Assignment 2 Part A. You are still able to incorporate any feedback and revise your drafts before final submission of Assignment 2.
There are 4 (four) tasks to Assignment 2 Part B.
Task 1: Literature review
Prepare a literature review that critically summarises and analyses the current literature related to
The scope of nursing practice in Australia
Precepting nurses and student nurses in clinical settings
To prepare for this task:
Locate, read and note the information and guidelines provided below.
Locate, read and note the information below developing a literature review provided below.
Plan additional time over the weeks leading up to the due date for Assignment2 Part B to
osearch the library databases for current and relevant literature
oread and critically evaluate the material you locate
omake notes and plan your literature review
owrite your literature review
oreview and edit your work before submission
Writing a literature review takes time; don’t leave it till just before the due date. You will need to critique, summarise and synthesize information from a number of articles.
Guidelines for developing your literature review
What is a literature review? A literature review is a summary of the relevant and reputable literature published by recognised scholars and researchers related to a specific topic.
A literature review is not a paragraph, or series of paragraphs, separately describing or summarising each article.
What is the purpose of a literature review? A literature review tells the reader what is known about the topic and what the strengths and weaknesses of the reported literature are.
A literature review demonstrates your ability to use appropriate databases to locate current, relevant and appropriate articles.
It also demonstrates your ability to evaluate, analyse and to critically appraise the published literature in an objective and constructive way.
A literature review should:
oBe organized and directly related to the topic you are asked to discuss
oSynthesize the findings of the published material into a summary of what is know and what is not known about the topic
oIdentify areas of disagreement or debate in the literature
oFormulate questions that require further investigation or study
The Health Online Tutorial (on the CDU Library Libguide for Nursing page or via the direct link on NUR365 main menu) or the CDU Health Librarian can help you develop skills in searching, locating and evaluating resources for Assignment 2 Part B.
Resources for Assignment 2 Part B must be from quality nursing journals and be dated no earlier than 2003.
There must be at least 5 journal articles that meet the criteria for inclusion (see dot point above) for each topic. While there in no limit to the amount of articles you can include, remember you are not writing a research report or thesis and there is a word limit you have to keep within. Inclusion and extensive critique of fewer, better quality articles is better than superficial analysis of more articles that are of variable or lesser quality.
Documents from professional nursing websites may be included if they are current, appropriate and relevant. Note: These cannot substitute for the required number of journal articles identified in the previous point, they are considered additional resources.
The nature of this assignment does not lend itself to using textbooks as resources. However, your set text will be a good starting point and may be included as an additional resource but it can not substitute for the required number of journal articles identified above.
You will need to critically consider whether or not the information in your sources is relevant and appropriate to Australian nursing practice. There are differences in role and scope of nursing practice as well as in the structure and organization of health and nursing services and regulatory requirements around the world.
Because material available on the internet can be of variable quality and reliability, it is strongly recommended that internet sources such as sites offering free nursing resources or blog sites be kept to a minimum or preferably not used at all. This does not include journal articles located electronically via CDU Library databases. Sources from internet sites cannot substitute for the required number of journal articles identified above, they are considered additional resources.
The nature of this assignment does not lend itself to using textbooks as resources. However, your set text will be a good starting point and may be included as an additional resource but it can not substitute for the required number of journal articles identified above.
You will need to critically consider whether or not the information in your sources is relevant and appropriate to Australian nursing practice. There are differences in role and scope of nursing practice as well as in the structure and organization of health and nursing services and regulatory requirements around the world.
Because material available on the internet can be of variable quality and reliability, it is strongly recommended that internet sources such as sites offering free nursing resources or blog sites be kept to a minimum or preferably not used at all. This does not include journal articles located electronically via CDU Library databases. Sources from internet sites cannot substitute for the required number of journal articles identified above, they are considered additional resources.
It is not appropriate to use preview copies of books available on sites such as Google Books or other online book retailers. You may, however, use relevant electronic books available on the CDU Library site, but please note the information about using textbooks above.
Once you have located relevant and appropriate resources:
You will need to evaluate each article and ask questions like these about each one to decide if it is an appropriate article to include in your literature review, the same as you would with any published material:
oIs the problem or issue clearly defined?
oIs it a report of a research project or not?
oWhat methodology has the researcher used? Is it appropriate for the problem or issue?
oHas the author evaluated the literature in a way that is objective and unbiased?
oIs the analysis of the material accurate and relevant to the problem or issue?
oAre the conclusions based on the data and analysis?
oIs the article written in an objective style or is it in emotional language and biased to one particular view?
oIn what way does the article contribute to the understanding of the problem and in what way is it useful for practice?
oWhat are the strengths and limitations of the study or the findings?
Once you have done this, select the ones you consider are appropriate for inclusion in your literature review. Ensure they meet the requirements for resources identified above.
Read the selected articles you have selected for inclusion again (you may need to do this several times) and make brief notes about the articles you have chosen to include.
From your notes, develop a plan for your literature review identifying points you want to include (and note which article/s they are in at the time!). In some places, you will have 2 or more references for the one point.
There is no one correct way to structure you literature review. It can be organized by date or historical/developmental context or by topic or theme.
Begin to write your literature review. Take care when you interpret what you have read that it is in your own words. It is recommended that you keep direct quotes to a minimum.
Presentation guidelines for Assignment 2 Part B
in either Arial, New Times Roman or Calibri font size 11 or 12.
double-spaced. This facilitates ease of marking and provides room to give you written feedback directly onto your assignment.
In Australian English. Change the language on your computer and word processor to English Australian to ensure correct spelling.
SOLUTION
Nursing is a humble and important profession in today’s world and health care sector needs nursing to serve the society in a proper manner. Nursing sector in Australia maintains good quality and standards in terms of offering services to the patients and improving the health care sector in Australia.
Nursing is a noble profession because nurses play a pivotal role in taking care of the patient and helping the patient to overcome the ailments they are suffering with (Jones, J. & Cheek, J. 2003). Nurses prevent the spread of infection in patients and help the patients to manage their life in tough times , in a competent manner ( Blair,P. 2003).
The general principles followed during nursing are
- The nurses should understand in what situation the patient is and what is the level of competence required by the nurse to administer the patient and what is the procedure required to improve the health of the patient.
- Maintaining professionalism in the working place and doing the duties in a lawful and proper manner by maintaining the work place ethics ( Carrigan, C. 2007) .
- There should be proper consultation and planning of the treatment for the patients by cooperating with the doctors and higher management and communicating the situation to the patient in a professional manner.
- The nurse should know how to treat at higher level and middle level by understanding the level of accountability in the situation.
- Incorporating the desired activity into practice in a result oriented and professional manner should be the foremost priority of the nurses. While incorporating the desired activity the nurses come across various problems such as issue management and competence skills.
For a nurse to do the duties in a proper and systematic manner they should be well trained and educated to carry out the activities in a prolific manner (Cohen, M.2004).
Among nurses we have nurses who are registered nurses and enrolled nurses. Registered nurses are nurses known to have good experience in their domain of working and they are equipped with sound knowledge and management skills to analyze and cope with the situations that arise in working environment(Conway, J.2007).
Enrolled nurses play a pivotal role in maintaining the health care of the patients. Enrolled nurses work generally within the supervision of the registered nurses. Enrolled nurses have to develop competency levels in them and should work in a professional manner by displaying bioethics in every sphere of their work.
Enrolled nurses are not given major responsibilities and roles because they are still not equipped with the skills and management abilities. Enrolled nurses work under registered nurses and do the required duties as per the requirement.
Enrolled nurses are expected to build the desired qualities that make them a professional nurse (Curtis, E. &Nicholl, H. 2004). Enrolled nurses must learn to collaborate with the patient and with the higher health authorities to make the treatment of the patient smooth and problem free. Enrolled nurses by working under the supervision of registered nurses build their management skills so that if they counter a situation in their future than they should be able to handle it on their own.
Registered nurses are expected to carry out the processes in an effective and smooth manner. Health of the patients depends a lot on the way the nurses take care and carry forward the treatment. The health of the patient depends on the way the treatment has been administered and this involves various parameters such as time to time analyses of the situation and checking the parameters on routine basis and if anything goes wrong than how to deal with the situation, all these aspects has to be
considered by the nurse.
Registered nurse is expected to have the capacity to handle health assessments , critical diseases care and carry out clinical assessment on their own. Registered nurse should be well versed with the procedures to be carried out to the patients during different scenarios (. Day, G., Minichiello, V. & Madison, J. 2007). While dealing with the patients and the higher health authorities nurses are expected to have a set up and individual concentration in an free and smooth manner. Individual. A set up includes dealing with the patient by collaborating with the respective persons without any communication gap. While collaborating many aspects and critical details should be taken into account. Critical details if not taken into account in a serious and rigid manner and if anything goes wrong by a small percentage also than the life of the patient will be at risk. Nurses should be vigilant and tactical enough to manage the situation.
Health assessments that are carried out by registered nurses play an important role in determining the condition of the patient and gives an idea for the higher health authorities as to what is the situation of the patient and what actions have to be taken. If the health assessment is not done in an accurate manner than the medicines administered to the patient might not be as per the requirement and the health of the patient may deteriorate due to administration of unsuitable medicines. In this way the health assessment done by registered nurses plays a vital role in determining the course of action to be taken over the patient.
Chronic disease management is another important task of registered nurses and this requires skills and impeccable management capabilities of the nurses are tested here. During chronic disease management various dangerous diseases such as cancer, cystic fibrosis should be managed with utmost care and any amount of negligence and lethargy shown by the nurses could put the patient life in trouble. During chronic disease management the nurses have to keep a check on the patients vital parameters constantly and should administer the necessary tests and sample collection as per the requirement.
The chronic disease management included the management of heart diseases, lung diseases, brain diseases and other important diseases. During chronic disease management the patient should be given utmost care and high level of concern from the nurses. Various tests performed on the patient during critical disease management should be done in an accurate and precise manner.
The various tests during chronic disease management needs full support of the nurses in taking care of the patient in an intensive manner and administering other formalities such as documentation procedures.
The education of the nurses plays an important role during chronic disease management and this should be given utmost priority (Khomeiran, R. Yekta, Z. Kiger, A. &Ahmadi, F. 2006). Nurses required advance training during the treatment of chronic diseases and this includes the management of multiple works during a quick session of time and yielding high quality treatment to the patient and showing desired results of the treatment is an important work of the nurses.
The work of the nurses in chronic disease management always requires high competency skills and registered nurses are expected to deliver high competency skills during chronic disease management. Competency skills include the nutrition to be given and maintaining the health record of the patients on timely basis and informing the doctors and other medical staff of the changes in conditions and latest developments(Meretoja, R. &Leino-Kilpi, H. 2003).
Apart from chronic disease management other important task of registered nurses is to do the clinical tests and check other parameters on their own. This requires adequate training for the registered nurses and experience and practice plays an important role in helping the registered nurses do their duties with efficiency and accuracy.
Registered nurses may also qualify for the role of preceptors because of their experience and skills and their abilities to manage things in an efficient manner qualifies them for the position of preceptor nurses (Hunter, S. McMillan, M. & Conway, J. 2007).
Preceptor nurses have the work of training other enrolled and student nurses and inculcating them with the necessary skills and training procedure and making them suitable and equipped to deal with tough situations. Preceptor nurses have to develop the sense of difficult management and teach enrolled nurses as how to take bold and tough decisions in critical times should be practically taught to the student and enrolled nurses.
Student nurses and enrolled nurses who have begun practicing the training for their careers should be taught in a systematic and step by step manner as to how to maintain professional ethics and do their duties in an efficient manner (Iley, K. 2004). Care should be taken in hospitals when critical and chronic disease management situation comes into picture than the enrolled and student nurses should not be in such situations without proper training and experience. If the student and enrolled nurses are put into tight situations without adequate training than even a small minor mistake by them could cost the life of the patient. The various clinical tests and health assessment tasks that are to be performed should be taught to the enrolled and student nurses.
Enrolled and student nurses should concentrate hard to uplift their skills to the critical situations and make themselves equipped with adequate training so that when they begin to perform their tests and assessment on their own than there should not be any mistakes (Meretoja, R. Leino-Kilpi, H. &Kaira, A. 2004). Enrolled nurses and student nurses generally take care of the ordinary works of the nursing department such as giving injections and routine drugs for the patients and help registered nurses in their duties. Registered nurses are placed in specialized departments where acute care is required for the patients (Duffield, C. Forbes, J. Fallon, A. Roche, M. Wise, W. & Merrick, E. 2005).
Proper support and orientation towards the task should be given for the enrolled and student nurses so that they understand the seriousness required by them to perform the duties with utmost concentration and upto full potential.
In the clinincalenvirionment conclusive setting should be provided to the nurses so that they can go about and do their dutites in a free and happy manner without any disturbances.
The working environment should be suitable for the nurses to go on with their routine works and duties.
The problem nurses face in the beginning of their career should be addressed by health authorities so that nurses can carry on their day to day duties in an smooth manner and full-fledged manner.
Nurses should be treated in a proper manner by their superiors and superiors should understand that if they perform any mistakes in their work than they should be explained and taught in a proper manner to rectify their mistakes and move on with their duties. Nurses should be given respect and value for their work and should be treated in a honorable and nice manner (Milson-Hawke, S. Higgins, I. 2004). While doing their duties the nurses should be truly professional and should try to maintain any personal relationships with anybody. The persons collaborating with the nurses should be in their limits of maintaining professional relationships and should never indulge in any activity that is not professional.
The patients who remain in the hospital should treat the nurses with respect and give credibility to the nurses for performing their duties in a sincere and honest manner. Nurses should not be put in tremendous pressure to do their duties and show concrete results. Many of the hospitals if they shortage of nurses try to over use the nurses present in the hospital by making them do more duties and work over time. Nurses should not be forced to manage many tasks because nurses need to give more individual attention to the patients and need peace of mind while carrying their respective duties.
Nurses should be given proper facilities to carry forward their routine duties. Proper facilities includes the injections, syringes and other important equipment that is essential for them to carry forward their duties. The hospital authorities should not put pressure on the nurses to manage the healthcare work by using the facilities and required equipment in a minimal manner. Nurses should not be told to work over time for longer hours due to shortage in staff. Hospital authorities should have adequate hospital staff to meet the needs of the patients
Society is highly dependent on the nursing to maintain the standards of healthcare sector and administer quality treatment to the ill and elderly persons in the society.
The registered nurses , student nurses and enrolled nurses should have an amicable and understanding relationship so that they can manage their tasks in a smooth manner and deliver the expected treatment in a systematic and disciplined way. Nurses in various levels of their career should give respect to their colleagues and seniors and do their duties in a proper fashion.
Nursing sector in Australia has lived up to the expectations of the society by administering quality treatment to the people of the society and the present situation demands challenging works for the nursing sector in the health care field.
“ References “
1.. Blair, P. 2003 ‘Determine your scope of practice Nursing Management34:4, 20-22,53.
2. Carrigan, C. 2007 ‘Under pressure: Nursing workloads in 2007’ Australian Nursing Journal15: 1, 20-22.
3. Cohen, M. 2004 ‘Delegating vs dumping: Teach the difference’ Nursing Management35: 10, 14, 18
4. Conway, J. 2007 ‘The changing skill mix and scope of practice of health care workers in New South Wales: Implications of education and training reforms for registered nurse practice, performance and education’ Contemporary Nurse26, 221 –224.
5. Curtis, E. &Nicholl, H. 2004 ‘Delegation: a key function of nursing’ Nursing Management11: 4, 26-31.
6. Day, G., Minichiello, V. & Madison, J. 2007 ‘Self-reported perceptions of Registered Nurses working in Australian hospitals’ Journal of Nursing Management15, 403-413.
7. Duffield, C. Forbes, J. Fallon, A. Roche, M. Wise, W. & Merrick, E. 2005 ‘Nursing skillmix and nursing time: The roles of registered nurses and clinical nurse specialists’ Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing23: 2, 14-21.
8. Hunter, S. McMillan, M. & Conway, J. 2007 ‘The professional development needs of registered nurses in residential aged care’ Collegian 14:2, 6-11.
9. Iley, K. 2004 ‘Occupational changes in nursing: the situation of enrolled nurses’ Journal of Advanced Nursing49:4, 423-431.
10. Jones, J. & Cheek, J. 2003 ‘The scope of nursing in Australia: a snapshot of challenges and skills needed’ Journal of Nursing Management11, 121-129.
11. Khomeiran, R. Yekta, Z. Kiger, A. &Ahmadi, F. 2006 ‘Professional competence: factors described by nurses as influencing their development’ International Nursing Review53:1, 66-72.
12. Meretoja, R. &Leino-Kilpi, H. 2003 ‘Comparison of competence assessments made by nurse managers and practicing nurses’ Journal of Nursing Management11: 404-409.
13. Meretoja, R. Leino-Kilpi, H. &Kaira, A. 2004 ‘Comparison of nurse competence in different hospital work environments’ Journal of Nursing Management12:5, 329-336.
14. Milson-Hawke, S. Higgins, I. 2004. The scope of enrolled nurse practice: A grounded theory study. Contemporary Nurse17:1, 44-62.
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