Science assignment on: Memory Distortion
Memory Distortion reflects upon the failure in recollecting the situation which have some facts or incidents, it results out of too much of confusion and attributes related to a situation. In such cases, the person either misinterprets or acquires a strong tendency to forget what he inferred or what others suggested to him. Thus, in such cases encoding and retrieval processes are applied in an intriguing manner, the person is taken back to the same situation and personally asked about the prime facts to which he/she can readily respond(Learning Memory. (2012)).The process means encouraging the person to relate primarily to his own verdict than depending upon what others said. In extreme cases the two processes can even rely upon chemical and electrical restoration processes. It is important to always have a practical approach and handle the situation at its best whenever it comes to court cases (Loftus, Elizabeth. (1996)). There are strong chances that eyewitnesses undergo recalling failure and have distorted pictures of the real incident, promising a tragic consequence: Wrong convictions; a real injustice to the innocent beings. More research on these issues is important because today the world is experiencing increasing corruption and crime, and gone are the days when one could rely on a person or any such faculty. The phase has turned everybody to become so mechanical that they fail to abide by their own wisdom and rules; therefore arise many confusions and distortions in perception. So, it is the demand of today’s world to rely more on evidences and technological aspect of every matter which requires abundance of research (Johnson, M. (1997)).
6b.
Language acquisition is the process by which humans procure the capacity of perceiving and language comprehension, so that communication can take place effectively. It can be completed by using appropriate tools of language like phonetics, syntax and vocabulary. Nature and Nature are the indispensable factors in language acquisition, where nature throws light upon the intrinsic capacity of the child to develop his own language, on the other hand it is ‘nurture’ that equally builds the language system of the child, it means the environment and the way he imitates the people around him and forms language. These factors further help in recognising various facts/objects and then assigning meanings to them, this semantic exercise takes place as soon as abasic language system is acquired.An example of this would be the word “bread” to the participant and then see an increased reaction time later to the word “butter”. Since the word “bread” had stimulated all related words, including “butter”, this shows that related words are stored closely in the mental lexicon. Language and cognition are the two inter-linked concepts, and they essentially go together, because language of a person has an effect on his thinking and the way he behaves in a society (Cook &Bassetti, (2011)). One can illustrate it through the fact that in iron- age there was only sign language and that’s how the behavior of the nomads was too rustic and alien in comparison to the present day when people have acquired proper language systems and so is the social behavior and the thinking has been progressing so rapidly. But it is significant to note that these social patterns further give rise to the difference in cultural relations too. People do find it difficult to communicate because of varying language systems and strange pronunciations too, and contemporarily we see that urban legends are even taking place of the traditional language systems. In such cases there is almost a hierarchical functioning in the society that has limitations to one aspect or the other, thus maximizing the scope of errors like stereotyping. The individual efforts should be made to understand another language system by understanding projections like non-verbal behavior and other pragmatic factors they can be the right strategy to approach such errors (Lanir, L (2011)).
7a.
Since time immemorial women have been stereotyped, in fact many literary thinkers have reflected upon this issue. Elaine Showalter a famous feminism precursor has thrown light upon various ovarian and phallic theories that were created in the past by Victorian male population. She elaborates that males always recognized themselves as superior by undermining women in terms of their lean structures and low muscular strengths, in fact the comments have been made about how the frontal lobes of a women’s mind are bigger which actually drives away 20% of the creative capacity from them. Tracing back to the situation of the Victorian era in England, the women writers were perceived to be a bane for the future of literature, and without any explanation they were banned from publishing any material in their name. This situation led them to acquire male pseudonyms like Mary Ann Evans was George Eliot, Charlotte Bronte was Currer Bell. The situation at that time had been compelling and therefore was forcing women to abide by the reasonless obligations. Such situations are definitely challenging in daily life as such cases oppress one’s identity and takes away the right to expression. The errors in such cases can only be removed when the approach is open to modifications, else if one is clearly objective in approaching the other, then there would definitely arise a misleading situation and misidentification (Chicago Journals. (2010)).
7b.
Example of Procedural Knowledge: the same formula which is known to the student, is a declarative knowledge till the time it is uniformly applied to all related problems. Once, there occurs a tricky situation, then ‘how’ to use that knowledge i.e. the formula(fact) in that situation reflects the procedural knowledge of the student.
Cognition in any field is an important process that reflects individual’s behavioral patterns, thinking and use of intellect. Thus, knowing this distinction between these two domains of knowledge provides one with the characteristic of perceiving intelligently. Once, the person acquires the cognitive sense, it becomes easy to solve issues and pacify in compelling situations. The same distinction can rapidly increase learning because the person not only mugs up a written fact but also cares to apply his/her own knowledge to it by formulating the procedure (Elsevier. (2012)). Example, for learning grammar, it is not important to have declarative knowledge (grammar rules) but also the procedure is vital(the application of grammar rules in communication).
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