Science assignment essay writing help on: Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1Introduction

Failure of body to produce insulin is known as diabetes mellitus. In type 1 condition, insulin is required by the body regularly. It’s a life- long disease for which the cure rate is low but efforts could be put for stabilized condition (Alberti& Zimmet, 1998).

Type 1 is a chronic medical condition, characterized by high level of sugar in blood, is known as diabetes.   Insulin lowers the blood sugar level but absence or insufficient production causes diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is insulin dependent conditions. Over the period of time, it can cause nerve damage, kidney failure, and blindness. Along with this it can also lead to narrowing arteries, leading to heart diseases, strokes etc. Type 1 diabetes is becoming a public health problem, affecting approximately 7-8% of the population in western countries.

After diagnosing with Type 1 diabetes, the patient and family members feel very frightened and they have a common question that why it happened and what would be the long term consequences. Most of the people have a notion that the patient will not get cured and the problem will persist lifelong.

Case studyThe patient is suffering from diabetes mellitus type 1, along with other major complications. The patient is 42 years of age. Type 1 has lead  damage to retinal blood vessels, causing blindness, if the condition prevails it will further complicate the situation by causing other vision problems for example cataract. He is also having some neurological disorders. Severe foot damage has occurred which has caused severe blisters and cuts in the patient. Another concern is the spread of fungal and bacterial infection, resulting into skin problems. The patient has a family history of diabetes, so it was likely to become affected with the disease.

Medications

The patient has been hospitalized from last one week. Insulin is being given for glycemic control and pregabalin for neuropathy.  The patient is also being given cyclosporine A (Immuno-suppressive agent) to halt the beta cells destruction. Initially, the patient was prescribed teplizumab and otelixizumab to preserve the production of insulin. If the situation does not improve then in the worst scenario, the doctor would recommend to go for pancreas transplant. But the decision would remain with the patient and family members (Armour, Norris & Jack, 2005).Patient’s perception

The psychiatric morbidity is high among diabetic patients. Depression is the most common problem in diabetic patients which significantly hampers the quality of life. It has been proved that diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with depression. It is believed that the treatment of type 1 diabetes is influenced by depression among patients.

The metabolic effects in brain due to diabetes has developed depression in the patient and also having stress. The glycemic control has been worsened because of diabetes and further accelerating the other complications which are the key to the morbidity. The adherence to treatment has been significantly decreased due to stress and depression. The patient is not complying with prescribed dietary regimens for controlling the blood sugar.

The impact has been on patient’s quality of life and depression has severely affected the treatment and management. The situation has affected the patient mentally and physically, therefore the patient is not following the treatment properly. Patient has misunderstood that the situation will not improve anymore, rather will complicate.

Now it is the responsibility of the health care professional and nursing staff to motivate the patient to adhere to medication and diet. The patient is having depressive behavior which is hampering the whole treatment procedure and the recovery process is very slow.As the age of the patient is 42, he is not able to continue his job which is also contributing towards depressive behavior. The economic loss is affecting the patient more than other factors. The patient is not accepting that the problem can be reversed by following the medications properly. He is denying this truth that diabetes cannot be happen to him, contributing to mental imbalance along with poor quality of life (Lustman, Griggith &Cryer, 2006).

The situation has further complicated by spreading bacterial infection on skin. Therefore, he needs greater attention of family members, relatives, and health staff.  As the complications have become worsen after diagnosing of blindness. So he is not able to perform his daily routine work, feeling very helpless and he has become dependent on others. And the patient is feeling very frustrating because of all circumstances.

Perception of other patients

The patients who have controlled the blood sugar level after suffering a lot from diabetes had different perception. They also had the depressive behavior once they come to know that they are suffering from diabetes. They had to manage their diet and regular medications, if not followed properly, might leads to complex situation. Some of them mentioned that supportive behavior of the family member and friends motivates them to adhere to the treatment. The health staff also helped them in recovering process. They shared that the complicated situation push the patient for economic loss, if adhered to the treatment and diet plan, one does not need to discontinue the job. One patient said that he was also suffering neurological problems along with type 1diabetes but he continues his part time job which helped him to come out the problem.

The affected patients started the exercise regularly and also started going out for small walk. They cut the calories by controlling diet and started high fiber food. Some of them quit the habit of smoking and alcohol. They all took the pro active steps to prevent the diabetes. They were aware about that type 1diabetes is a chronic disease but can be controlled with proper management. But they took all precaution with determination to control the progression of disease and to achieve a stable condition with better quality of life (Steed, Cooke & Newman, 2003).

Enabling environment was provided by the family members. The situation becomes worse when patients started staying alone or in isolation, therefore small gatherings with friends and family support them to live stress free life. Once the depression become persistent, then it become difficult to recover. They were not left alone always were the part of the family activities and functions. The best way used by the patient was to keep busy all the time and doing some part time work, if possible (Biil &Poelgeest, 2005).

According to These patients, positive perception about the illness is the only effective treatment which led to success among them.

Role of family membersThe outcome depends upon perception of patient and family member about the diabetes. The coping procedures, plan of action of patient affects the treatment of the disease. It is also affected by interaction of family with patient ( Peyrot & Rubbin, 1999).

The perception of family members was totally different from the general population. As the family was also going through the difficult phase with the patients, they were not feeling motivating. They were having a misconception that now the recovery is very difficult. In initial stage, family was very supportive for the patient that it’s a treatable disease, if treatment taken on time. But once the complicated rises, they started losing their patience level. Although they were taking care of the patient but they were not able to encourage the patient to follow the treatment. They were being motivated by the staff nurses that you all need to develop an enabling environment so that he can recover from the disease. The old age people of the family were having negative perception comparatively other people. They had a though that it could affect the next generation also and it’s an irreversible disease. This thinking also affects the patient, directly or indirectly. These negative vibes affects the motivation level of family and also influenced the outcomes in response (Clark, Hampson, Avery& Simpson, 2006).

In contrast to this, the general people not perceive diabetes mellitus as a complicate problem. The acceptance level was high among general population they believe that diabetes mellitus is a curable disease or complications can be slow down by adhering with treatment procedure. The disease is not serious according to their perception. The complications arise when we perceive it as a problem. It is the responsibility of the family and health professionals to feel motivated to patient so that he does not push himself into anxiety, depression, and stress.  They should be engaged or involved in other recreational activities by surrounding people (Lioyd, Barnet& Dyer, 2002).The impact of family is very much relevant with the diabetes, as the self management of the illness begins at home. The disease outcomes are affected by the perception of the family members. The positive perception about the illness of the family has been associated with improved psychological, physical, and social activities. If the diabetes is perceived as a serious disease by the family then it would have negative consequences on patient rather than disease itself. The patient might not be aware of the behavior of the family (Toobert,  Hampson, & Glasgow, 2005).

The interaction of family members with patient solves the psychological problems at some extent and the patient could easily release the stress. This helps a lot rather than medications or other treatment. The care and support given to patient at home works faster than therapies and prescribed medications (Boyle, 2001).

Self management education

Various scientific studies have evidenced that control of blood sugar is positively correlated with better outcome. Guidelines delineated internationally suggest the adherence to treatment and self regulation of behavior for entire life by making some life style changes. The patient should be educated for self management skills such as following medications, regular sugar check up, and proper monitoring of symptoms. The main concern is with treatment follow-up, most of the patients irregularly follow the medication regime. Therefore, efforts are needed to encourage the patient to achieve sugar control. It should be aimed through self management education that the patient controls the illness effectively. The patient should be educated for psychological interventions including self regulatory pro active steps and also about the impact of positive perception of illness. If the patient starts making some changes in the daily life style then it becomes the part of routine work and he does not encounter with new problems in future (Steed, , Cooke & Newman, 2003).

Impact of psychological interventions

The psychological factors have greater impact on patients therefore, these factors are important in diabetes management. Many research studies have recommended the mental or psychological interventions for improvement in diabetic patients. These interventions have improved the sugar control in patient with poor control in following up the regime. Interventions have showed effective treatment for the patient with type 1diabetes (Larijani & Khoaram, 2006).

 Perceptions regarding illness

The self management model has been extensively used as one of the important psychological approach. According to this approach patients develop their own sense of understanding during illness. In response, these beliefs affects patients health related behavior and their disease-coping behaviors. Five important dimensions have been identified regarding illness – identification, time-line, cause and consequence, curability. It has been found that self management behavior is influenced by perception of patient of diabetes (Zoffmann, Kauritzen, 2000).

The perception of patient with poor control of illness has been found very different from those with better control of illness.

Evidence suggests that people with type 1diabetes have a belief that it is a hereditary disease and has more impact of lives seriously. The illness outcomes can be improved by changing the perception of patients, having poor control of bold sugar. It may lead to positive health related behavior among diabetes patients and return to normal life routine as well.

Discharge planning

As the patient is having severe complications, the case should be discussed with family members regarding discharge. The patient should be discharged in only one case, if the family members are able to manage the bacterial infection properly by maintaining hygienic conditions in surrounding areas. Sometimes it becomes difficult to manage at home, leading to severe complications. Therefore, the patient should be kept under observation in the hospital till the time he completely recovered from bacterial infection. Once the infection is treated the other medications could be managed at home (Leventhal, Brissette &Cameron, 2003).

Community referrals

The referral services should be available within the community for the diabetic patients. As in this case the patient is having so many complications, if the situation becomes worse, immediately should be referred to the nearby hospital. There should be help line number so that service can be provided in an emergency and family member should be aware of all the referral procedure (Biil & Poelgeest, 2005). Conclusion  

This case study case study incorporates the family role in care of diabetic patient. The study suggests the application of interventions for people who are poor in controlling the type 1diabetes. It acknowledges the importance of family influence on illness.

The case study aims to prove the improved outcome by using psychological intervention based on family support. Diabetic care has been recognized by positive influence of family on patient’s adherence to medications. The self management model has been related with treatment of diabetes in various research studies. And also has been used in changing the negative perception of the patients and family members. The approach has been succeeded to achieve the same level of similarity between patient and family members. The approach may impact upon the patient and family behavior which in turn increases the self managed care for the patient and also the self efficacy, care, and support. It has been found that the functioning of family activities also improves and the understanding becomes better between patient and family. The patient starts getting more support. The research conducted on the same topic generalizes the results and proves the association of family care and illness improvement

If you want Science management Assignment Help study samples to help you write professional custom essay’s and essay writing help.

Receive assured help from our talented and expert writers! Did you buy assignment and assignment writing services from our experts in a very affordable price.

To get more information, please contact us or visit www.myassignmenthelp.Com