Project Management

Introduction

            The skill that I have chosen to improve at the beginning of the course is that of project management. Nicholas and Steyn (2017) pointed out that application of project management require careful management. These management skills are developed in terms of application four stages that include planning, organising, controlling and executing. According to Kerzner and Kerzner (2017), application of proper project management skill can assist with the growth of a company. This is mainly because customers can trust a company that provides good quality services and products. Hence, based on the analysis the importance of project management can be considered. The application of project management for my personal growth and the activities that need to be undertaken for improving my growth in my organisation is analysed in the report. The skills that I posses and the manner in which I can improve upon the skills are highlighted with emphasis on the development that I may have with the application of project management. My background is that of an engineer working in an oil refinery company for more than 20 years.

            The reason for choosing project management as a skill is mainly that it helps in the development of various other skills in the process. One such important development that can take place with the application of project management skill is that it can help in developing a sense of leadership. In my professional and personal life, the effectiveness of leadership can help me to motivate the employees while also encouraging and guiding them in trying to complete the work within time. At the same time, project management skill can help me to maintain a clear objective. Hence, I can remain focused on the work that I am undertaking and ensure that I provide the required guidance necessary for the development of my professional career. Project management also provides a sense of time management, which in my case can be useful, as most of the engineering contracts that the company receives need to be completed within a limited time. However, I need to develop the project management skill further so that I can continue to grow in the business.

Improvement of the project management skill can help me to continue my growth in the business environment. The development of my skill can help me to identify my weakness and ensure that I provide better services to the organisation. The manner in which I can contribute to my success is that I can provide employees with the motivation needed for the development of proper projects in the organisation. The urgency by which projects are to be developed along with the limitations that needs to be maintained while making a project needs to be taught to the employees. Project management skill can help me to understand the needs and demands of my staff and help me to provide them with proper leadership guidance necessary for their development.

This can assist to ensure that quality of work performed reaches the required level of standard expected. Additionally it will also assist me with my abilities to communicate properly with my employees in terms of their requirement so that I can make proper decisions regarding work. This can help in understanding my knowledge as a project manager and at the same time help in developing my skills as a leader. Apart from this, I can improve on my time management as I have often failed to incorporate proper time management that can help me to continue with the development of any project within the provided deadline.

Background discussion

According to Walker (2015), project management is the practise that initiates, plans, executes and controls specific goals and meets the success criteria required for organisations to be successful. The unique experience that projects normally provides help in identifying the goals and objectives that need to be developed while completing a project. Project management can help me to improve my skills in setting up systems for an increase in the efficiency of the refining capabilities and identify clearer and proficient ways to enhance the business. As stated earlier, project management requires the development of four stages of enhancing the business. Hence, it can be said that in my case, planning, organising, controlling and executing can be done based on the engineering capabilities that are provided to me by the customers. Harrison and Lock (2017) stated that planning is considered as the most crucial stage in a project management and my skill in planning for effective events are crucial for the development of the organisation. The various sub skills related to the development of project management can be analysed.

Some of the skills and sub skills that can be associated with project management is that of the leadership skills, communication skill as well as the time management skills. In my case, I need to develop my leadership skills so that I can motivate and guide employees to work in a united manner. This is mainly because the leadership is required to motivate the employees so that they can continue to work with a positive mindset and in increasing the productivity of the organisation. According to Mir and Pinnington (2014), the leadership needs to be such that it provides an understanding of the situation of the employees and help in the development of the employees within the organisation.

Apart from this, the communication skill that needs to be developed includes understanding the needs and demands of the employees. This can help in maintaining an understanding of the requirements of the employees and as a leader; the communication skill is an important part for project management development as well. Along with this, time management skill can be considered as a related skill with project management as the aim of project management is to ensure that every task provided are completed within the deadline.

The importance of project management along with its related skills such as leadership, communication and time management is important for the operations management of an organisation. In a general context, these skills can be applied in the field of work so that extra benefit in the form of promotion or satisfaction of work can be gained. At the same time, Turner (2014) stated that the application of these skills could help in providing training to the candidates that are in need so that reputation and experience as a trainer can be gained. Thus, it can be said that the development and application of project management skills along with its sub skills can have a huge impact on a person. Moreover, the operations management of a company can improve with the effective application of project management. Hence, the application of project management in my situation can be made based on the effectiveness of the application of project management.

As stated by Larson and Gray (2015) in order to ensure that success is gained in an organisation it is necessary for an organisation to ensure that the skills of the employees be developed. In my case, I can apply these skills to improve the efficiency process of the organisation for which I work. This can help in creating a positive effect on the desired refinery production. In addition to this, I can use the skills to enhance my effectiveness as an individual so that I can make contributions in maintaining or increasing the levels of production in the organisation. This can be done by proper application leadership as well as communication skills. One of the effectiveness of the skills is that it can be used at various levels depending upon the work requirements of an organisation (Marchewka 2014). In my case, the improvement of my project management skills will improve my guidance of the employees and ensure that I can complete projects within the given time.

Methodology of improvement

            According to Meredith et al. (2016), skills are important for the success of an organisation as well as an individual. At the same time, an improved skill can help in increasing the efficiency of the individuals. Hence, it is necessary to understand the methodology that can be adopted by which the skills can be developed so that an improvement of the organisation in which an individual works can take place. As stated by Fleming and Koppelman (2016) the improvement needs to be based on the abilities and responsibilities of an individual and the manner in which it can be applied in an organisation. In my case, various relatable things needed to be taken into consideration for the development of my skill as a project manager. The methodology that I used for the commencement of my project management skills includes refining my leadership abilities as well as my communication abilities. The focus was mainly on these two skills as these are related to the project management.

As I had stated previously, I am a project engineer working in an oil refining company. My skills as a project manager can be used for guiding employees after monitoring their strengths and utilising or enhancing their skill sets appropriately so that they can be successful. This can provide them with an opportunity to continue to gain experience and increase their expertise in project activities. For this, my communication skills need to be developed so that I can ensure that I get to express my ideas and thoughts. As a leader, I need to ensure that I am able to communicate my thoughts to the employees and guide them in a proper manner. This also includes understanding time set for every project and the minimum time required for the completion of the projects. In this regard, I can set up an action plan that can help me to identify my goals and develop methods so that I can achieve the improvement of the required skills for becoming a successful project manager.

Table: Action plan

(Source: Created by author)

Outcomes

The outcomes of the methodology used were effective, as I could understand the required skills that are necessary for the development of projects. The action plan that I had made helped me to understand my priorities so that I can develop the skills and sub skills one at a time. As stated by Kerzner (2018) development of related sub skills can help in the development of the major skill. Hence, in my case the development of the sub skills such as leadership skills, communication skills and time management skill have helped me to embrace project management in a proper manner.

Measurable evidence can be provided that outline the effectiveness of my personal skills. An example can be provided based on the early days of my skill development. I was assigned with a task that needed to be completed within 2 weeks and due to the urgency I had instructed the staffs about the method to be used for approaching the task. However, initially I faltered but managed to use the theoretical concepts of leadership in a practical manner that helped me to complete the work on time. Thus, it can be said that the application of the skills and sub skills are measurable and can be developed with time.

In my case, the project management skills are directed towards the development of the engineering techniques for projects in the refinery. I can use my improved project management skills to ensure that activities done help in the efficient operation of the facility and at the same time access direct report in order to ascertain their skill sets and identify training requirements. For example, I need to set periods in which a project needs to be completed keeping in mind the crucial elements required for project completion. At the same time, the experience that I have gained over the course of the years can help me to motivate the employees.

Conclusion

            Therefore, it can be concluded that in order to succeed in an organisation it is essential that every individual develop a set of skills that can help him or her in an organisation. These skills need to be applied in a professional manner so that an individual can grow in an organisation as well as aim for the better development of the company. The skills help in identifying the required elements and capabilities that exist in an organisation so that development in a professional manner can take place. Hence, my skill as a project manager can be considered as exceptional for the development of the organisation as well as its success.

I have seen that in order to succeed it is essential that I continue to develop my personal skills so that an assessment can be made of the situation that exists in the market. My skill as a project manager can help me to excel further in the organisation with an extra effort of providing guidance to the employees that work at the place. Furthermore, I managed to continue with my managerial courses so that I can continue to develop my skills further. I needed to find a motivation that can help me to continue with my journey in the company.

The effect that I had on the organisation with the implementation of skills is that I managed to inspire the employees that work in the organisation. I had managed to create a sense of responsibility within them and subsequently, the productivity of the organisation increased. For my personal growth, I understood the importance of the development of my skills so that I can become a good leader and effective in making communication.

Part B-Report

Introduction

            The part provides a detailed description of the job that is undertaken by the Operations Manager. As stated by Anand and Gray (2017) operations manager is in charge of the planning and execution of the functions and activities that take place in an organisation. The functions of operations manager is to ensure that the production process is kept under control and redesigning of the business strategies are made so that effective goods and services can be manufactured and rendered by an organisation. In this case, it is necessary to understand the job description of an operations manager based on the analysis of an advertisement. At the same time, the challenges that successful candidates can face in an organisation while managing operations is taken under consideration. Hence, the methods by which the issues at hand can be addressed are also identified so that an organisation can be successful in the operations of management.

Job description of an Operations Manager

            According to Swink et al. (2016), the job of an operations manager in a business is pivotal in any form of business. It is necessary for every operations manager to depend upon the nature and size of an organisation before providing expertise in the field that the people are most familiar. As stated by Cachon and Terwiesch (2017) an operational manager requires to have a excellent interpersonal skills in order to succeed in one of the challenging jobs in an organisational setting. In general, it can be said that an operations manager takes into account the manager plans and at the same time oversees the communication process to smoothen the functioning of an organisation.

            For example, one of the most important job descriptions of an operations manager is the managing of resources along with managing the finances of an organisation. According to Spring et al. (2017), this needs to be done so that raw materials and personnel can be overseen as purchase and supply is the central core to any job in an organisation. At the same time the financial management of an organisation such as that of the budget, profit and loss account can help in managing the supply chain as well as track the financial progress of an organisation. As observed by Turkulainen, Kauppi and Nermes (2017) in the modern day, operational managers may include sustainability as a part of the job description so that it can help in the growth of an organisation and the development of an environment.

            In order to understand the job description of an operations manager in a more detailed manner, it is necessary to take specific examples of an organisation. In this case, an organisation has been taken into consideration that can help in the development of the organisation and ensure growth of the manager. The organisation that has been considered is the Tribune Publishing that is based at Chicago, Illinois. The analysis is based on a job advertisement that has been posted by the company for the particular position (Refer to appendix for the advertisement). The advertisement is directed for the recruitment of Advertising Operations Manager in an oversee market.

            As seen from the analysis of the advertisement, one of the responsibilities that an operations manager needs to consider is the management of staffs that are responsible for fulfilling and monitoring digital advertising campaigns. Roth et al. (2016) is of the opinion that it means that the employees that have been provided with the responsibility of identifying the advertising campaigns need to be guided by the operations manager. This helps to ensure that every contract have met the terms along with the management of the inventory planning. Other responsibilities that the operations manager needs to undertake are to act as a liaison and digital subject matter expert to the sales of the company. This includes the business units, partners and 3^rd party vendor of the company.

            Thomé, Scavarda and Scavarda (2016) are of the opinion that the role of an operations manager can vary depending upon the requirement of an organisation. Therefore, in the case of Tribune Publishing this can be considered as an enhanced ability that is required from the point of view of the managers. Another important job description that can be seen from the advertisement is that operations manager that can qualify at Tribune Publishing need to create a proper communication and support structure that can assist the market to gain an enhanced sales opportunity in the market. As stated by Devalkar, Anupindi and Sinha (2018) operations manager need to maintain proper communication as analysis of the financial as well as the managerial implications can help a company in making effective strategies during market crisis.

            As seen from the advertisement and the profile of Tribune Publishing, the company is related to the advertisements of its services. Hence, it is important for it to maintain and monitor the advertisement campaigns of all the Ad operation teams so that successful reaching of the customers is done. Therefore, the operations manager needs to consider reducing the errors so that a successful delivery of the project can be made. According to Agrawal, Atasu and Van Wassenhove (2018), it is necessary for an operations manager to manage the offshore services so that the standards of the company can be adhered. In the case of Tribune Publishing, the same needs to be followed by the operations so that the company can provide quality service to its customers keeping the standard constant.

            Therefore, it can be said that the responsibilities and the job description of operations manager is critical and that a fair amount of experience is required for managing an organisation. However, there can be challenges that may be faced by an individual while trying to adapt to the responsibilities of an operations manager. As observed by Stevenson (2014) the criticality with which operations manager needs to manage an organisation requires excellent skills and a cool temperament so that errors can be reduced and business operations are run keeping in mind the standards of the organisation.

Challenges that successful candidates can face

            As described previously, operations manager need to can face challenges in an organisation based on the criticality of the tasks. As observed by Haksever and Render (2018) the statement can be true for the candidates that are hugely successful as an operations manager in large organisations and at the same time candidates with the required skills for being successful. Hence, an effective analysis of the challenges that successful candidate can face as an operations manager can be identified so that proper recommendations can be provided in order to mitigate the threats of the challenge.

            One of the challenges that an operational manager can face is that of globalisation. As pointed out by Hitt, Xu and Carnes (2016) in the modern world, most business organisations have its branches and customers coming from international countries. For example in the case of Tribune Publishing, the advertisements that are forwarded by the company deal with the reaching the public on a global basis. Hence, Smith, Maull and Ng (2014) is of the opinion that operations manager in this case need to interact as well as maintain a positive integration between the people and the companies along with the Government of different nations. Therefore, the challenge is that operations managers can face competition from the companies that are within the locality as well as the companies that are in international markets.

            Another challenge that operations manager can face are the manner by which sustainability can be maintained. As stated earlier, due to the excess degradation of the environment, most managers are aware of the sustainable activities that they need to undertake. Hence, as stated by Bromiley and Rau (2016) sustainability can be considered as an important challenge for operations managers so that any illegal activities that may cause harm to the environment can be curbed. The three pillars of sustainability need to be taken into account while understanding the concept of sustainability and its applicability for the operations of an organisation. According to Kato et al. (2015), the critical analysis that needs to be taken into consideration includes understanding the future resources so that it is not put at risk during any time of the organisational success.

            Ethical consideration also needs to be undertaken by an operations manager to ensure that the production process within an organisation can be maintained. Walker et al. (2015) observed that the challenge faced in this case is to ensure that the operations manager does not have to deal with activities that may cause damage to an organisation as well as its stakeholders. Hence, it is important the operations manager take into consideration any type of unethical behaviour that continues in an organisation. In this regard, an example can be provided that have led to the demise of large organisations such as Enron or Tyco. Brandon-Jones et al. (2016) is of the opinion that an operational manager needs to preach the ethical considerations so that it can provide a proper idea about the expectations of the customers as well as the employees. This particular challenge can be considered as important as successful candidates that have adopted operation managing have often failed to maintain subtlety in a business market.

            At the same time, one of the important responsibilities that operations manager need to undertake includes maintaining a proper and effective communication system. As stated by Mahadevan (2015) it can be difficult to maintain constant communication between various departments, as operational managers need to ensure that stakeholders of an organisation are taken into consideration. As observed by van Aken, Chandrasekaran and Halman (2016) every department of an organisation need to ensure that a proper communication is maintained so the production and services process are run smoothly. Maylor et al. (2018) stated that the challenge faced by operations managers in this regard includes an understanding of the messages that are sent from one department to another. At the same designing a proper communication system for the interaction between managers and employees need to be considered for effective management of organisational processes. Therefore, acting as a bridge between the employers and employees become a constant challenge for operations managers.

            Hence, a proper system need to be designed that may help in maintaining an effective communication. This can be considered as another challenge for the operations manager as the systems that dictate the capability of an organisation in producing effective products need to be taken into considered. Sterman et al. (2015) is of the opinion that these systems need to be designed effectively so that every activity within an organisation can be planned and a variety of challenges based on the operations management need to be considered. Lee and Tang (2017) observed that the multidisciplinary environments in which operations managers maintain a business provide a sense of challenge for even successful and dynamic operational managers.

Ways to address the main issue at hand

            As seen from the analysis of the challenges, operations managers need to undertake various roles based on which an organisation and its corresponding activities can be managed. Hitt and Duane Ireland (2017) is of the opinion the challenges faced by the operations manager may provide a disadvantage for an organisation and subsequently may result in the failure of an organisation. Therefore, mitigation strategies need to be taken into consideration so that operational managers can maintain and promote an effective production, communication and human resource management system in an organisation. Therefore, the main issues that need to be considered and the manner in which it can be considered are analysed.

            One of the challenges is faced by operations managers are that of globalisation. As observed by Hoyos, Morales and Akhavan-Tabatabaei (2015) the challenge related to globalisation can be addressed by maintaining the creativity skills such as innovation. Innovation can be a key success story for every organisation in the modern world (Choi, Cheng and Zhao 2016). In the case of operations manager at a global level, innovation can bring about an understanding of the cultures related to business so that effective strategies can be taken into account. For example, with the application of innovation as an effective way to meet the globalisation, operations managers can help maintain other issues that are related to the sustainability as well as maintaining an effective communication system.

            Sustainability is another issue that needs to be considered so that operations managers can help in maintaining the suitability in an environment. According to Guide and Ketokivi (2015), one of the considerations that can be made for addressing the challenge is that outcomes of the sustainability pillars need to be included in the management of the work. Addressing the safety and welfare of an organisation needs to be taken into consideration so that effective management of work takes place. At the same time, Hill and Hill (2017) stated that it is also necessary to consider the outcome of one of the three pillars that need to be considered for the success of an organisation. Therefore, the operations manager can address the challenges of sustainability by considering the pillars of strength within the sustainable practises.

            In terms of ethical conduct, the operations manager can address the issue by considering ethical statements. These ethics need to be maintained based on various issues such as biasness, race and so on. In terms of understanding the environment of the office, it is necessary that every employee understands the ethical considerations that are needed to be taken place. Foster et al. (2015) is of the opinion that the operations manager needs to understand the situation that exists in the business by considering the legal laws related to ethics. For example, it is necessary that operation managers ensure that unethical behaviours do not become the reason for failure of an organisation. For this, strict actions in terms of suspension of employees regarding ethical considerations need to be taken into account (Meyer, Neck and Meeks 2017).

            Therefore, it can be said that addressing the challenges can be done by the implementation of proper techniques and rules. Effective communication strategies need to be set up to ensure that bridge between employer and employee is reduced. Overall, it can be said that an operations manager is the key to holding a company through its own with effective management system.

Conclusion

            Therefore, it can be said that operations management is important for the success of an organisation in a competing environment. Various challenges are presented in an organisation that denotes the skill level required from an operations manager. It is necessary for a candidate to view the job description of an operations manager properly so that the skills possessed can be used effectively. It is also necessary for an organisation to ensure that operations managers are given opportunities to improve so that they can work towards developing a proper and effective system communication system. Recommendations that are provided for mitigating the challenges faced by the operation managers need to be taken into consideration so that effectiveness of the operations management can be undertaken.

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