QUESTION
What Is CSR in China?
SOLUTION
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) in China is typically broken down into community outreach, environmental health and safety (EHS), and environmental protection. Education is also an important focus.
- “Community Outreach” refers to the actions that companies take to improve the standard of living for those living in the communities in which they operate. Examples include rebuilding local schools, providing computer education classes to local schoolchildren, or hosting information sessions for farmers to help them maximize their crop yield.
- “Environmental Health and Safety” refers to the efforts that companies make to ensure their employees work in a safe, comfortable, and properly regulated workplace. While the backbone of EHS is ensuring that all company locations are in compliance with local labor laws and regulations, many companies go far beyond this in setting their own, more stringent standards, and rigorously extend these standards down to their suppliers and sub-contractors.
- “Environmental Protection”activities include all efforts that companies take to ensure that their impact on the environment is minimal. Examples include using “clean energy,” safely disposing of waste material, and minimizing energy consumption.
- Education
Improving education–from the primary level through college–can be an excellent way to give back to local communities. It can also be a good way for companies to improve the skills of current employees, expand the talent pool, and strengthen future recruiting efforts
Technology-
Supercomputers may seem long way from grid-competitive solar panels, long-range electric car batteries, or other cleantech gizmos, but advanced computational simulation is the keystone of most leading-edge scientific research, including nuclear energy, nanotech and materials science, proteomics and other advanced biotech applications. Basically, any very advanced science these days needs big computing horsepower. Leadership on the fastest-computer league tables has been traded off many times, between U.S., Japanese and European computing centers. China is a relative newcomer to the race, but is clearly the new elite.
Chu highlighted several crucial technologies — mostly in the areas of power generation and transportation — where China is already outpacing U.S. efforts, adding the U.S. must innovate or risk falling far behind. The following is from the DOE:
• High Voltage Transmission. China has deployed the world’s first Ultra High Voltage AC and DC lines — including one capable of delivering 6.4 gigawatts to Shanghai from a hydroelectric plant nearly 1300 miles away in southwestern China. These lines are more efficient and carry much more power over longer distances than those in the United States.
• High-Speed Rail. In the span of six years, China has gone from importing this technology to exporting it, with the world’s fastest train and the world’s largest high-speed rail network, which will become larger than the rest of the world combined by the end of the decade. Some short distance plane routes have already been cancelled, and train travel from Beijing to Shanghai (roughly equivalent to New York to Chicago) has been cut from 11 hours to 4 hours.
• Advanced Coal Technologies. China is rapidly deploying supercritical and ultra-supercritical coal combustion plants, which have fewer emissions and are more efficient than conventional coal plants because they burn coal at much higher temperatures and pressures. Last month, Secretary Chu toured an ultra-supercritical plant in Shanghai which claims to be 45 to 48 percent efficient. The most efficient U.S. plants are about 40 percent efficient. China is also moving quickly to design and deploy technologies for Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) plants as well as Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS).
• Nuclear Power. China has more than 30 nuclear power plants under construction, more than any other country in the world, and is actively researching fourth generation nuclear power technologies.
• Alternative Energy Vehicles. China has developed a draft plan to invest $17 billion in central government funds in fuel economy, hybrids, plug-in hybrids, electric and fuel cell vehicles, with the goal of producing 5 million new energy vehicles and 15 million fuel-efficient conventional vehicles by 2020.
• Renewable Energy. China is installing wind power at a faster rate than any nation in the world, and manufactures 40 percent of the world’s solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. It is home to three of the world’s top ten wind turbine manufacturers and five of the top ten silicon-based PV manufacturers in the world.
• Supercomputing. Last month, the Tianhe-1A, developed by China’s National University of Defense Technology, became the world’s fastest supercomputer. While the United States — and the Department of Energy in particular — still has unrivalled expertise in the useful application of high performance computers to advance scientific research and develop technology, America must continue to improve the speed and capacity of our advanced supercomputers.
Production network
1.)The changing shape of production networks in global electronics
Since the 1980s, the information technology industry has undergone massive
restructuring, which is at the heart of the accelerated shift of electronics manufacturing
to low-cost countries, China in particular. The industry was re-shaped by a new brand
of companies specializing in hard- and software-products for the PC-industry, computer
servers, Internet equipment and all kinds of mobile computing devices like laptops or
handheld digital assistants. This type of computer companies was initially created
during the 1970s in Silicon Valley in California – especially among the newly emerging
chip companies like Intel, National Semiconductor or AMD, or later in the PC industry
led by Apple and later Microsoft and Compaq. Other than the first generation of
computer companies like IBM or Digital Equipment in the U.S., Fujitsu in Japan, or
Siemens in Germany, many Silicon Valley companies did not produce entire computer
systems but only some key components like a microprocessor or a software operating
system (Lüthje 2001: 165 ff.).
Networks of mass production in China
- As the example of Flextronics shows, contract manufacturers follow a distinctive
1.strategy of vertical integration, combining the various stages of the production chain
1.for IT-hardware systems within a global organization. In Asia and other low-cost
1.locations this is basically achieved in two ways: either through the construction of very
1.large plants, sometimes called industrial parks, which combine a broad spectrum of
1.manufacturing resources under one roof, or through integration of various mid-sized
1.plants in one region. The Flextronics industrial park in Doumen, South China, is a welladvertised example for the first strategy: it encompasses two major facilities for
1.assembly of printed circuit boards, a fabrication cluster for raw printed circuit boards
1.featuring highly advanced manufacturing technology, a large plant for plastic
1.enclosures, another one for metal enclosures, and fulfillment and distribution
1.capabilities. The park had a workforce of more than 12.000 in 2003, major products are
1.mobile phones, game consoles and ink-jet printers (Flextronics 2003). One CM from
1.Taiwan is practicing the philosophy of vertical integration in one place in an even more
1.pronounced way. It maintains a huge manufacturing facility with about 60.000 workers
1.in Shenzhen, probably the largest electronics plant in the world, encompassing about 15
1.manufacturing buildings dedicated to top international OEM in the computer and communications field and design and manufacturing facilities for components
1.unequalled in size.
Leadership in China
The emergence of China as a major global economic force has
put the world on notice. A culture steeped in tradition finds itself
grappling with what shaped its past and what forces its future.
Its rapid economic growth—at a rate of 8 percent a year,
compared to 3 percent in the United States—has come with a
price. China’s growth has dramatically stretched an already
aging labor supply, fueling intense competition for talent.
While organizations around the world face the challenge of
finding leaders, cultural factors are compounding that task in
China. The continuing transformation of its economy means
Chinese business leaders must possess a skill set that blend
new ways with the old. Leadership in China has long been
based on a foundation of mutual respect and a feeling of
connectedness among individuals. However, to compete
globally, China’s new leaders need leadership qualities that
reach across nations and cultures. Those organizations that
are able to find, develop, and retain leaders who can perform at
high levels while constantly adapting to a changing society not
only ensure their continued success but also will realize a
competitive advantage.
Current leadership picture
Today’s leaders in China face a unique challenge: On the one
hand, they know they need to adapt to the demands of a global
market if they want their organizations to compete and succeed.
On the other hand, they must respect cultural traditions. These
traditions include the concept of guan xi, which teaches the
relatedness or connections among individuals. Furthermore,
Chinese culture has been heavily influenced by the teachings of
the great philosopher, Confucius, who stressed the value of the
thoughtful man, learning through mistakes while consciously
respecting tradition and values. ,
LEADERSHIP IN CHINA:, KEEPING PACE WITH A GROWING ECONOMY,
Paul R. Bernthal,Jason Bondra, Wei Wang
http://www.ddiworld.com/DDIWorld/media/trend-research/leadership-in-china_ddi.pdf?ext=.pdf
China – language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette
Facts and Statistics
Location: Eastern Asia bordering Afghanistan 76 km, Bhutan 470 km, Burma 2,185 km, India 3,380 km, Kazakhstan 1,533 km, North Korea 1,416 km, Kyrgyzstan 858 km, Laos 423 km, Mongolia 4,677 km, Nepal 1,236 km, Pakistan 523 km, Russia (northeast) 3,605 km, Russia (northwest) 40 km, Tajikistan 414 km, Vietnam 1,281 km
Capital: Beijing
Climate: extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north
Population: 1,298,847,624 (July 2004 est.)
Ethnic Make-up: Han Chinese 91.9%, Zhuang, Uygur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Buyi, Korean, and other nationalities 8.1%
Religions: Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Muslim 1%-2%, Christian 3%-4%
Government: Communist state
The Chinese Language
Chinese is a family of closely-related but mutually unintelligible languages. These languages are known variously as f¨¡ngy¨¢n (regional languages), dialects of Chinese or varieties of Chinese. In all over 1.2 billion people speak one or more varieties of Chinese.
All varieties of Chinese belong to the Sino-Tibetan family of languages and each one has its own dialects and sub-dialects, which are more or less mutually intelligible.
Why not learn some useful Manadarin or Cantonese phrases before your visit?
Chinese Society & Culture
The Importance of “Face”
. The concept of ‘face’ roughly translates as ‘honour’, ‘good reputation’ or ‘respect’.
. There are four types of ‘face’:
1) Diu-mian-zi: this is when one’s actions or deeds have been exposed to people.
2) Gei-mian-zi: involves the giving of face to others through showing respect.
3) Liu-mian-zi: this is developed by avoiding mistakes and showing wisdom in action.
4) Jiang-mian-zi: this is when face is increased through others, i.e. someone complementing you to an associate.
. It is critical you avoid losing face or causing the loss of face at all times.
Confucianism
Confucianism is a system of behaviours and ethics that stress the obligations of people towards one another based upon their relationship. The basic tenets are based upon five different relationships:
. Ruler and subject
. Husband and wife
. Parents and children
. Brothers and sisters
. Friend and friend
Confucianism stresses duty, sincerity, loyalty, honour, filial piety, respect for age and seniority. Through maintaing harmonious relations as individuals, society itself becomes stable.
Collectivism vs. Individualism
. In general, the Chinese are a collective society with a need for group affiliation, whether to their family, school, work group, or country.
. In order to maintain a sense of harmony, they will act with decorum at all times and will not do anything to cause someone else public embarrassment.
. They are willing to subjugate their own feelings for the good of the group.
. This is often observed by the use of silence in very structured meetings. If someone disagrees with what another person says, rather than disagree publicly, the person will remain quiet. This gives face to the other person, while speaking up would make both parties lose face.
Non-Verbal Communication
. The Chinese’ Non-verbal communication speaks volumes.
. Since the Chinese strive for harmony and are group dependent, they rely on facial expression, tone of voice and posture to tell them what someone feels.
. Frowning while someone is speaking is interpreted as a sign of disagreement. Therefore, most Chinese maintain an impassive expression when speaking.
. It is considered disrespectful to stare into another person’s eyes. In crowded situations the Chinese avoid eye contact to give themselves privacy.
Chinese Culture
China is one of the Four Ancient Civilizations (alongside Babylon, India and Egypt), according to Chinese scholar Liang Qichao (1900). It boasts a vast geographic expanse, 3,600 years of written history, as well as a rich and profound culture. Many aspects of Chinese culture can be traced back many centuries ago. Chinese culture is so diverse and unique, yet harmoniously blended, and presents itself an invaluable asset to the world.
The guide contains articles divided into “national traditions & the heritage of China” and ” the arts in China”. Topics include: Chinese food, China World heritage sites, China’s festival, China’s Kung Fu and Beijing opera.
Interested in Chinese culture? These tours might interest you: China History Tours, World Heritage Tours, Explore Ancient Towns, Minority Discovery, Festival Tours, and Kungfu Tours.
Hot Topics in Chinese Culture
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chinese Tea
- Chinese Food
- China World Heritage Sites
- Chinese Kung Fu
- China’s Festivals
- Beijing Opera
- Chinese Zodiac Signs
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