Answer B: The browser issues a DNS request and passes it to the TCP layer, which creates a UDP datagram and passes it to the Network layer, which eventually is resolved by a DNS server. This option has been selected as when any URL has been provided in any browser, then these stages are followed:

Stage 1: If the requested object is in the browser cache, then move to stage 7.

Stage 2:  The DNS lookup to search IP address of server.

Stage 3: The browser starts the TCP connection with server.

Stage 4: The browser sends the HTTP request to server.

Stage 5: The server handles incoming request.

Stage 6: The browser gains HTTP response.

Stage 7: the browser displays HTML content

Stage 8: The client then interacts with the server

Answer of question 2:

Answer A: The packets arrive at the TCP layer with the name of the destination application because when any user concerns the command, which utilises any TCP/IP application layer protocol, there are a sequences of events that has been commenced. The command of the user or the message is allowed to pass through the TCP/IP protocol stack on the local system (FitzGerald, Dennis and Durcikova, 2014). Then this message or command is allowed to pass across the network media to the protocols on the remote system. Protocol at respective layer on sending the host adds the information to the original data. The packet is common information unit, which has been transmitted across this network.

Answer of question 3:

Answer b: 8 hops

This option has been selected because the hopping initiates from laptop to Wi-Fi access point then this hop moves from Wi-Fi access point to router 2. Then from router 2, the message hops to the router 1, then to border router in autonomous system C, it then moves to border router in Autonomous system B. From the autonomous system B, it then travels to the border router in Autonomous system A. From the Autonomous system A, it then moves to the router 2 and ultimately to the destination router 1, from where the information would be accessed.

Answer of question 4:

Answer b: The PDF file is delivered to the browser only after all the frames/packets have arrived and the TCP has assembled them into a complete message.

This option has been selected because as any application creates the data that has to be transmitted to any remote application, data is required to be arranged for being sent through this media in the adaptable pieces. The TCP describes the services that segments the data from application layer (FitzGerald, Dennis and Durcikova, 2014). It comprises of encapsulation, which is required on respective pieces of the data. Each of the pieces of application data needs the headers that has to be included at the transport layer for clear indicating to which the communication is related with it. At the receiving host, the pieces of data might be focused to suitable application. These particular pieces are reassembled into the whole data stream (FitzGerald, Dennis and Durcikova, 2014).

Answer of question 5:

Answer a: RSVP, RTSP, RSVP: GoToMeeting given priority

This option has been selected because the internet requirement of the streaming application is most and it needs to provide the real time information to the users for allowing simplified information sharing.

References

FitzGerald, J., Dennis, A. and Durcikova, A. (2014). Business data communications and networking.