IT Management systems on: Economy and Knowledge management systems
Ikujiro Nonaka, 2008 claims- “In an economy where the only certainty is uncertainty, the one sure source of competitive advantage is knowledge”. The knowledge based theory of an enterprise has been referred to as an organizational asset which would help the organization to attain sustainable competitive advantage. The main emphasis these days have been laid down upon knowledge based upon the barriers to transfer as well as replicate knowledge with a certain level of strategic importance. It has been seen that, many of the organizations have developed information systems which have been designed in order to share & integrate knowledge. Such type of systems has been referred to as Knowledge Management Systems (KMS).
Initially, the systems have been designed in order to assist the managerial as well as the professional workers with the help of the management information systems. This system has helped the organization in order to disseminate the information. This system has also helped in order to manage the information & help in the decision making of the same. For the past decade, it has been noticed that systems have been evolved which majorly provides tools to take up decision making within the organization. Each of the system which has been designed within the organization has helped to benefit the managers & constitute as one of the main components within the organization.
The knowledge management system (KMS) has become one of the most flourishing industries in the world. Knowledge management system (KMS), more than any economic facet or other industry, has an escalated productivity, mainly in the developed nation, & therefore plays a key role in the global economic growth.
In late years there has been a differential growth in knowledge management system (KMS) and its influence on our professional lives. In addition to the large number of classic publications, we currently have an increasing cluster of electronic sources of information. (Allen & Morton, 1994)
In a complex working environment & in order to fulfill the goals in the most effective manner, knowledge management system (KMS) provides managers with some powerful tools for bringing about a change in the organization which would help in reduction the costs, effective decision making, etc (Tim, 2008).
The various tools of knowledge management system (KMS) would help the managers of any organization to perform their tasks with a click of a button.
All the organizations should opt for the various IT tools available in the market in order to change the organization structure thereby, increasing the effectiveness & the efficiency. Knowledge Management System (KMS) refers to one of the IT tools which have been adopted by many enterprises to create knowledge & innovate the organizations (Stratopoulos, 2003).
Knowledge management system (KMS) has been used in various disciplines ranging from academics, financial sector, retail industry, operation management, logistics & supply chain, etc. Information technology is also known as the Backbone of any industry as, all the applications are done on the computers (Allen & Morton, 1994). In the era of globalization, everything is being done using technology as it helps the individuals to perform their job easily & minimizing the errors.
Knowledge management system (KMS) plays a vital role in any enterprise & the life of strategic managers too. Knowledge management system (KMS) helps in operation, integration, maintenance, documentation & management of computing resources (Davis, 2007).
Knowledge management is one of the critical uses of information technology that helps an organization to have an edge over its competitors. Many organizations are building knowledge management systems (KMS) to govern the business know how & organizational learning (Davis, 2007).
Knowledge management system (KMS) helps the strategic managers to provide quick feedback to knowledge workers, improve business performance & encourage behavior changes by staff member. Knowledge Management System also helps in integration of the knowledge into enterprise business process services & products. (Brien, 1999)
Knowledge management system (KMS) enables an enterprise to be both reactive & proactive in an environment (Stratopoulos, 2003). Knowledge management system (KMS) helps to remain flexible in highly unpredictable environments.
Knowledge management system (KMS) is implemented to provide enterprise with greater flexibility, allowing them to access & process more knowledge about the environment. This greater information processing enables decision makers to make better decisions regarding their environment.
The major role played by Knowledge management system (KMS) is to help & support the strategic managers of the organization to share knowledge, codify knowledge, and distribute knowledge (Laudan, 2008).
Knowledge management system (KMS) gives the companies an edge to compete amongst all other organizations. This task is accomplished when the strategic managers use information technology. This Knowledge management system (KMS) will help the managers to connect people & have a competitive advantage. The managers should use all the basic principles in order to be benefitted in all the respects (Laudan, 2008).
Knowledge is an intangible asset which helps the firms to perform better than others. The organization might be different in a manner such as the way they produce, create, & deliver services & products (Stratopoulos, 2003). Knowledge Management System assembles all relevant experience & knowledge in the firm & makes it accessible whenever & wherever it is demanded to support business decisions & process.
Apart from using Knowledge Management System, there are various other tools such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Decision Support System (DSS), Computer Aided Design (CAD), Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM), DMS, SMS & EDI which have been used by the various organizations. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is software that helps in integration of external & internal information across the entire enterprise, embracing manufacturing, accounting/finance, sales & service, etc. The basic purpose of ERP System is to simplify the flow of information between all the business verticals inside the boundaries of the company (Loh, et al 2004). The ERP system helped the strategic managers of Tata Iron Steel Company (TISCO) in making the planning process more efficient & productive. This system enabled efficient integration of the various business activities. This particular system also had different modules with which they could send & receive data across departmental boundary. (Loh, et al 2004)
Implementation of this system improved the productivity & added a pinch of innovation which helped them to reduce the response as well as the reaction time at TISCO.
The assignment which involved the allocation of two or more departments at TISCO, would take many days in a non-ERP enterprise whereas with proper automation & integration of the ERP System, the same work was being completed in a click of a second.
There are various business modules in ERP package which helped the managers of TISCO in order to complete their task on time in the various departments.
The finance program of the TISCO ERP system helped the managers of TISCO to take care of all the accounts. Before, the implementation of the ERP program managers at TISCO were not able to keep manage the ledgers, ascertain the amount of profits, risk management could not be done, etc (Loh, et al 2004).
After the installation of ERP system at their workplace, the various sub-systems helped the TISCO managers to complete their task. Proper journals & ledgers could be maintained, thereby helping the managers to ascertain the amount of profit the company has earned.
The Decision Support system (DSS) helped the managers of Jada Precisions Plastics Co. to make decisions & also helped in evaluation of performance. It is a type of system which helped & supported the managers during the decision making process (Henry, 2008).
There are various types of Decision Support System used by Jada Precisions Plastics Co. which helped the managers to take decisions depending upon the organizations needs & requirements. Data Analysis System is a system that helped the managers to analyze all the information that is being inserted into the computer.
The outcomes based on this system were comparative in nature & formulas are also being used in order to come at a verified conclusion. Accounting System was being used by the company & also show cased brilliant results. This system took into account the major aspects of the business (Tax & Hunter, 2007).
Jada Precisions Plastics Ltd to assist the managers to organize all the cash related transactions & keep a track of it as & when required. Before, the installation the cash was being manipulated whereas after the installation of this software that cash was kept in a well organized manner.
One of the major advantages which the managers got out of this software was with the presence of information analysis system. This system helped the managers to analyze all the information that is currently available with them (Tax & Hunter, 2007).
The systems such as Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided Manufacturing have been installed in an organization which would help in order to assist the managers regarding Manufacturing, Designing, & Engineering functions. This particular system collectively with ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning System) software provides design & drawing engineering information to the ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning System) for, purchase, manufacturing & inspection functions (Turban, 2006). This software is implemented with database management facilities & the database inserted by the manager acts as an alternate support to ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning System). The use of these tools of knowledge management systems have helped in order to create knowledge & innovate the organization.
The document management system (DMS) has been designed as well as implemented within an organization which would help to maintain important evidence in database for sending, viewing, messages & providing documenting support in the transaction processing. This system also helps the strategic managers in handling document editing, access, copying etc. This particular management system has helped Turner Company in order to keep a track of all the documents as they deal in the variety of maintenance, construction, and businesses (Turban, 2006).
The communication management system (CMS) refers to a tool of knowledge management which takes into consideration tracking of information about the important resources and action. TISCO uses the CMS which helps them to generate accountability for authored content (logs), faster updates, and cooperation between authors. This system also helped the organization to centrally store the content which can be reused at many places on the website and formatted for any device (mobile phone/WAP, web browser, PDA, print, etc). The South West Airlines Flies High with the CMS system. Each fight requires data or information relating to the route, seating arrangement, number of seats available for booking, fuel requirements, in route weather, etc. All these requirements of the airlines are being taken into consideration with the help of this particular system. Before installing the CMS System, there was a lot of confusion among the flight attendants as well as the people at the airport (Tax & Hunter, 2007). This KMS tools has been termed to be one of the most effective as well as an efficient tool which has helped to create knowledge & innovation.
The Security Management System (SMS) has helped Jada Precision Plastics Co. managers in handling the security, access / entry requirement of business operation. It may be related to movement of goods from one place to another, person’s material, etc. For example in case of Jada Precision Plastics Company, an employee movement can be restricted or prohibited to select areas & sent to ERP for further processing. Or, a truck will not be allowed to enter unless it is an authorized one & then it will be weighted & weight transferred to ERP for processing further information (Tim, 2008).
The improvement of Information Technology industry to economic progress has been quite sound. The prompt expansion of the socio-economic infrastructure has proved to be of enormous use in upholding the growth of Indian information technology sector (Monk, Ellen, Wagner & Bret, 2006).
With the implementation of knowledge management system (KMS), the business will be capable of regularly accustomed to change and stay at par with the market &competition. Information Technology has made this possible in an organization & the company would be able to acquire a whooping amount both in terms of reducing costs & incurring profits (Longley et al, 1985). The text above provides a review would help the managers to use the various knowledge management system (KMS) tools to transform the organization & to create new lines of businesses & build new relationships with the other firms. The text stresses on how mangers can use knowledge management systems (KMS) in order to have a competitive advantage over others. This review would also help the managers to know how to exploit Information technology to enhance the production efficiency (Suzanne, Benoit & Patry, 2004).
This review, therefore, proposes to use various IT software’s in order to analyze how structural resources & rules within the organizational, environmental, Information Technology contexts influences and are influenced by the process of Information Technology implementation.
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