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IT Management help
- Information System:
The information technology (IT) sector has become one of the most flourishing industries in the world. Information Technology, more than any economic facet or other industry, has an escalated productivity, mainly in the developed nation, & therefore plays a key role in the global economic growth.
In late years there has been a differential growth in information technology (IT) and its influence on our professional lives. In addition to the large number of classic publications, we currently have an increasing cluster of electronic sources of information.
In a complex working environment & in order to fulfill the goals in the most effective manner, Information technology provides managers with some powerful tools for bringing about a change in the organization which would help in reduction the costs, effective decision making, etc.
The various tools of Information technology would help the managers of any organization to perform their tasks with a click of a button.
All the organizations should opt for the various IT tools available in the market in order to change the organization structure thereby, increasing the effectiveness & the efficiency.
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- Section 1:
Explain how businesses use information systems
Information technology has had an enormous impact on the attitude of our professional lives. The Internet has transformed the speed of access to information with a click of a button. There are various aspects of information technology which are enhancing & changing our professional lives.
Information technology has been used in various disciplines ranging from academics, financial sector, retail industry, operation management, logistics & supply chain, etc. Information technology is also known as the Backbone of any industry as, all the applications are done on the computers. In the era of globalization, everything is being done using technology as it helps the individuals to perform their job easily & minimizing the errors (Georganta & Vogitazi, 2010).
Information Technology plays a vital role in any enterprise & the life of strategic managers too. Information Technology helps in operation, integration, maintenance, documentation & management of computing resources.
Evaluate the role of information systems in global e-business
Ikujiro Nonaka, 2008 claims- “In an economy where the only certainty is uncertainty, the one sure source of competitive advantage is knowledge”.
When competitors multiply, markets shift & products become obsolete outstanding companies are those that constantly create new knowledge, declaring it widely throughout the company & quickly incorporate it. Such type of activities within the organization is done with the help of Information Technology. All these companies are known as “Knowledge Creating Company”.
Knowledge management is one of the critical uses of information technology that helps an organization to have an edge over its competitors. Many organizations are building knowledge management systems (KMS) to govern the business know how & organizational learning.
Data mining, internet/intranet websites, on-line discussion groups & knowledge data bases are some of the technologies that are used by a Knowledge Management System. This software helps in knowledge creation & organizational learning.
Information technology helps the strategic managers to provide quick feedback to knowledge workers, improve business performance & encourage behavior changes by staff member. Knowledge Management System also helps in integration of the knowledge into enterprise business process services & products.
Information Technology enables an enterprise to be both reactive & proactive in an environment. Information Technology helps to remain flexible in highly unpredictable environments.
Information Technology is implemented to provide enterprise with greater flexibility, allowing them to access & process more knowledge about the environment. This greater information processing enables decision makers to make better decisions regarding their environment.
The major role played by information technology is to help & support the strategic managers of the organization to share knowledge, codify knowledge, and distribute knowledge.
Information technology gives the companies an edge to compete amongst all other organizations. This task is accomplished when the strategic managers use information technology.
This Information Technology (IT) software will help the managers to connect people & have a competitive advantage. The managers should use all the basic principles in order to be benefitted in all the respects.
Knowledge is an intangible asset which helps the firms to perform better than others. The organization might be different in a manner such as the way they produce, create, & deliver services & products (Georganta & Vogitazi, 2010).
Knowledge Management System assembles all relevant experience & knowledge in the firm & makes it accessible whenever & wherever it is demanded to support business decisions & process.
Apply information systems and technologies to business processes
The use of DSS in Jada Precisions Plastics Co. has been explained in this part of the report. 1This system helped the managers of Jada Precisions Plastics Co. to make decisions & also helped in evaluation of performance. It is a type of system which helped & supported the managers during the decision making process.
There are various types of Decision Support System used by Jada Precisions Plastics Co. which helped the managers to take decisions depending upon the organizations needs & requirements. Data Analysis System is a system that helped the managers to analyze all the information that is being inserted into the computer.
Evaluate the role of information systems in transforming businesses
The major role played by information technology is to help & support the strategic managers of the organization to share knowledge, codify knowledge, and distribute knowledge.
Information technology gives the companies an edge to compete amongst all other organizations. This task is accomplished when the strategic managers use information technology.
To quote how the business transforms with the help of information system has been discussed with the example of Cisco Company.
Cisco Company has changed its organization’s boundaries by creating two-way articulation structures between the organization and the consumer. CEO John Chambers’ objectives are to make the customer the focus of the strategy instead of conceding the top management team to take decisions in isolation of the customers (Georganta & Vogitazi, 2010). For this strategy to be efficient & effective, an appropriate enterprise structure or form must be in place that can process the huge volumes of information generated from both external & internal sources. These advancements were possible through the continuing advancements of information technology (IT).
Assess the challenges to developing global information systems
Though information system provides wide access to the information with the use of various mediums such as text books, electronic data base, journals, articles, etc. Apart from the various advantages, there are certain issues attached with information system. They are as follows:
Þ Integration of the data accessed from the various internet sources. The information changes dynamically therefore, it must be seen that how should the information be presented which would help the user to be used in one of the best manner.
Þ The second challenge attached to it refers to the various interactions amongst the users within the system. How the users would respond towards the queries in the most effective as well efficient manner (Georganta & Vogitazi, 2010).
Þ Use of the most effective, reliable as well as efficient information which would be required by the users attached with the same.
Þ The main challenge or issue is attached with the infrastructure along with the information system.
Þ One of the major issues which have been attached with global information system refers to the fact that, what is common between database as well as the retrieval communities. It must be noted that, the sources of information available on the net are totally based upon the various traditional methods such as the Information Retrieval methods (Levy, Silberschatz & Srivastva, 1994).
- Section 2:
Identify the role of information systems in developing business strategy
The major role played by information technology is to help & support the strategic managers of the organization to share knowledge, codify knowledge, and distribute knowledge.
Information technology gives the companies an edge to compete amongst all other organizations. This task is accomplished when the strategic managers use information technology.
This Information Technology (IT) software will help the managers to connect people & have a competitive advantage. The managers should use all the basic principles in order to be benefitted in all the respects.
The ERP system helped the strategic managers of Tata Iron Steel Company (TISCO) in making the planning process more efficient & productive. This system enabled efficient integration of the various business activities (Levy, Silberschatz & Srivastva, 1994). This particular system also had different modules with which they could send & receive data across departmental boundary. Implementation of this system improved the productivity & also reduced the response as well as the reaction time at TISCO.
Assess the contribution of information systems to achieving competitive advantage
Initially information system was used in order to provide operational & management support. But now, this terminology has changed a lot & organizations have been using information systems in order to achieve an added advantage (Levy, Silberschatz & Srivastva, 1994).
It has been seen that, American Hospital Supply was the first organization to implement information system. This helped the people within the hospital to practice online entry within the hospitals. The crucial aspect which has helped in order to achieve competitive advantage was in respect to the services as well as the technology which has been used within the same.
The implementation of the strategic information system (SIS) has helped the hospital to shape up the competitive strategy within the enterprise. The use of information system has helped to achieve diversification & be a step ahead as compared to its competitors.
Explain the unique features of e-commerce
Þ The first unique feature of e-commerce refers to ubiquity of the same. All the information over the internet is available anywhere & everywhere.
Þ The second feature attached to it refers to global reach. With the help of e-commerce, extensions amongst the markets have been noticed drastically (Levy, Silberschatz & Srivastva, 1994).
Þ The richness in terms of information refers to another unique feature attached with e-commerce. The richness in terms of information could be seen in terms of the message highlighted over the websites (Levy, Silberschatz & Srivastva, 1994).
Þ With the help of e-commerce, various cultural as well as social aspects could be seen. The information available on the net could be shared amongst people belonging to different nations.
Þ E-commerce has been regarded as one of the most affordable means of communication as compared to the various other means.
Evaluate the impact of internet technology and e-commerce on traditional business models
The impact of internet technology over the traditional business models could be seen in a positive manner. The traditional models have been totally replaced by the information systems. Use of IS in many organizations has helped in changing the overall functioning of the workplace. Use of IS has helped in minimizing the cost, reduction in the wastage as well as led to an increase in the productivity of the organization.
Demonstrate how a business can develop a global information support systems structure.
The following points should be taken into consideration while developing the global information support systems. They are as under:
Þ The actions which would be used while developing the global information system should help to solve the various problems which might arise within the enterprise.
Þ The system analysis should be done in such a manner which would help in order to accomplish the problems arising in the enterprise (Levy, Silberschatz & Srivastva, 1994).
Þ The design of the system should be made in such a manner which would help to fulfill the requirements of the business house.
Þ The programming should take into consideration the design stage as well as translate into the software code.
Þ Testing should be practiced as it helps in the successful implementation of the entire system. A certification would be provided which would help in the successful usage of the system.
- Section 3:
Assess the need for and key components of an effective information technology infrastructure
The key components of an effective information technology infrastructure would be as follows:
Þ Computer hardware: Storage devices, input-output devices, etc
Þ Computer Software: System Software & Application Software, proprietary software, etc
Þ Telecommunications would help quite helpful. This would be used to share different types of information
Þ Databases & Data warehouse
Þ Operational Support
Þ Enterprise System
Demonstrate and evaluate the impact of key emerging information technologies on business performance
The impact of key emerging information technologies on the business performance could be seen within the different sectors. The information technology has also influenced the way with which the government officials function (Levy, Silberschatz & Srivastva, 1994).
With the implementation of information technology has led to high levels of impact over the functioning of the government. Technological advancements in terms of weapons, the design of the weapons has led to an increase in the efficiency as well as effectiveness of the same. It was an impossible task to build a B2 Bomber without using high quality information technology. With the help of information technology (Pant & Hsu, 1995), encryption of the confidential information would be done. This would help in order to maintain cordial relationships within the government officials.
Examine the reasons for building effective information systems
The reasons for building effective information system within the organization have been discussed in the following part of the report. The reasons are as under:
Þ It helps in order to facilitate planning
Þ Effective information system would help in order to reduce the overload of information. The information system would convert the large piece of information in to smaller data.
Þ Information system would also benefit the organization by practicing the decentralization of the authority (Pant & Hsu, 1995).
Þ Information system would benefit the enterprise in assembling, processes as well as evaluate the information.
Þ Information system tries to maintain co-ordination amongst all the departments. With the effective implementation of the information system all the departments would be inter-linked. This would assist the organization to come to a common decision.
- Section 4:
Understand how key information systems improve business performance and enhance decision-making.
The various key information systems would help to improve the business performance as well as enhance the decision making of the same. DSS also known as Decision Support System would help in order to take up all the relevant decisions within the enterprise (Fine, 2003). ERP systems usually include the following feature which will help the managers in order to accomplish their tasks. AMS (Attendance Management System) is one of the crucial software’s which helps the managers to keep track of the information related to employees (Pant & Hsu, 1995).
Identify the key information systems which contribute to improving business performance
Some of the key information systems which would contribute towards the improvement of the business performance are as under:
Þ ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning): ERP systems usually include the following feature which will help the managers in order to accomplish their tasks. Installation of the ERP system does not requires any elaborate data/application integration by the Information Technology (IT) department.
Þ CMS (Communication Management System): This software exclusively takes into consideration tracking of information about the important resources and action. TISCO uses the CMS which helps them to generate accountability for authored content (logs), faster updates, and cooperation between authors (Fine, 2003).
Þ DMS (Document Management System): This particular system has been designed to maintain important evidence in database for sending, viewing, messages & providing documenting support in the transaction processing (Pant & Hsu, 1995).
Þ AMS (Attendance Management System): AMS (Attendance Management System) is one of the crucial software’s which helps the managers to keep track of the information related to employees.
Þ SMS (Security Management System): This type of a system helped the Jada Precision Plastics Co. managers in handling the security, access / entry requirement of business operation. It may be related to movement of goods from one place to another, person’s material, etc (Robertson, 2005).
Þ EDI (Electronic Data Interchange): ERP along with various other support systems, help manage work independently. It provides inputs to ERP. EDI (Electronic Data Interchange for Commerce, Communication & Action) assists ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning System) in associating the two systems electronically (Fine, 2003).
Analyze the relationship between information systems and decision-making
Fair analyses have been done & a relationship between information & decision making could be made. With the implementation of information system within the organization, proper decision making would be practiced (Robertson, 2005).
With the implementation of information system, strategic decision making within the organization would be done. This would help in order to take one of the most important decisions within the organization. In order to practice fair decision making, implementation of DSS should be done (Fine, 2003).
Evaluate how information systems can improve business performance
With the implementation of information technology has led to major improvements within the business houses. One of the major change with the implementation of the information system is seen in the functioning of the government. Technological advancements in terms of weapons, the design of the weapons has led to an increase in the efficiency as well as effectiveness of the same (Robertson, 2005). It was an impossible task to build a B2 Bomber without using high quality information technology. With the help of information technology, encryption of the confidential information would be done. This would help in order to maintain cordial relationships within the government officials.
- Section 5:
Demonstrate how to manage information systems projects
In order to manage the various information systems projects, the organization should adopt or implement the Project management information system. Project management information system also known as PMIS would help in order to manage the various stakeholders involved within the organization (Robertson, 2005). With the help of this tool, the various techniques would be used which would help in order to gather as well as disseminate the information within the project management system.
Analyze the implications of ethical and social issues for managing information systems
Some of the social & ethical issues for managing the information system have been discussed as under:
Þ Ethics attached in the society
- Accountability
- Responsibility
Þ Information rights
Þ Privacy issues
Þ Property issues
Þ Information system related problems
Identify the security risks faced by information systems
Some of the security risks faced by the information systems have been discussed as under:
Þ To impose various legal obligations with respect to the information
Þ Breach of disclosures
Þ Cyber crimes
Þ Phishers
Þ Spammers
Þ Inbox fill with junk mails, malware, etc
Þ Hackers, fraudsters, negligent programmers, etc
Þ Unethical competitors
Þ Disgruntled employee
Þ Attack on information
Evaluate approaches to achieving information systems security
Information system security refers to one of the major aspects within the security infrastructure. Such framework would help in order to take into consideration personnel, physical & information security.
The first approach to achieve information system security would be
Þ Two Tier Approach: This system would mainly emphasis upon two main aspect i.e. security risk analysis & risk management (Benmea, 2012).
Þ Top Down Information Security Review Approach: Top Down Information Security Review Approach would perform qualitative assessments. This would help to meet the threats as well as impact the degree of the same (Robertson, 2005).
Þ Detailed information system security method: The detailed information security system would be able to perform a quantitative analysis. This would help in order to evaluate the security analysis in monetary terms (Benmea, 2012).
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