Land and Construction Surveying: 1150668

Results/Data Collected and Analysis

Vertical Angles:

PointFace LeftFace RightRed FL/FRMean Red VA
B81o50’36”278o09’10”FL: +08o09’24”+08o09’17” 
FR: +08o09’1”
C92o20’20”267o39’50”FL: -02o20’20”-02o20’15”
FR: -02o20’10”
     
West Target V288o40’53”273o18’49”FL: +1o19’7”+ 2o18’58”
FR: +3o18’49”
West Target V159o49’05”300o09’31”FL: +30o10’55”+ 30o10’13”
FR: +30o9’31”
     
East Target V290o39’58”269o19’43”FL: – 0o39’58”-0o40’7.5”
FR: – 0o40’58”
East Target V160o43’28”295o17’19”FL: +29o16’32”+ 27o16’55.5”
FR: +25o17’19”

West target Ht: 198 m

East Target Ht: 195 m

Red FL = 90o00’00”

FL Reading o ’ ”

Red FR = FR Reading o ’ ”

270o00’00”

HDist West Building: 27.002 m

HDist West Building: 27.000 m

Mean HDistr W Build’g: 27.001 m

HDist East Building: 33.23 m

HDist East Building: 33.20 m

Mean HDistr E Build’g: 33.22 m

Results: The figures below are guides and intentionally are approximations.

Pillar West Building: Overall Height: A little over 17 m

Pillar East Building: Overall Height: A little over 18 m

Calculation of the Vertical Heights

Height = H1-H2+H3

Where, H1 = Horiz Dist x Tan (red VA1)

H2 = Horiz Dist x Tan (red VA2)

H3 = target Ht measured by tape

Length of Vertical Steel Columns Supporting West Building Roofs

H1 = 27.001 x Tan + 30o10’13”

= 15.6921 m

H2 = 27.001 x Tan + 2o18’58”

= 1.0921 m

H3 = 198 m

Length = 15.6921 – 1.0921 + 198 m

= 212.6 m

Length of Vertical Steel Columns Supporting East Building Roofs

H1 = 33.22 x Tan + 27o16’55.5”

= 17.1330 m

H2 = 33.22 x Tan -0o40’7.5”

= -0.3878 m

H3 = 195 m

Length = 17.1330 – (-0.3878) + 195

= 212.5 m

Report

Accuracy in the Determination of the Lengths of the Columns

In surveying exercises, the field observations made and the measurements recorded after, from a statistical analysis perspective, can never be exact. This fact is so regardless of how precise the observations are made (Satheesh, Sathikumar, and Madhu, 2016). However, it this field observation and exercise, the lengths of the vertical steel columns in University Square supporting the roofs of the East and West buildings were accurately determined based on the data collected and its subsequent analysis. The results show that difference between the column lengths is 0.1m only; and because the roof is symmetrical, these results could be said to be very accurate. The small difference is as a result of the common effects of errors during surveying.

Observation of the Top of Column as Target

In the exercise, the top of the column as a target was accurately observed by the total station. The total station is an accurate survey tool that can do multiple survey operations in a single activity. Accurate observation of the top of the column as a target implies that the angles measured are also accurate. Since the total station was set at level, the angles measured to the left and to the right are all considered accurate, relative to the targets.

Spread of the Angles

The West Target V2 reduced Vertical angle is + 2o18’58” while the East Target V2 reduced Vertical Angle is -0o40’7.5”. On the other hand, the West target V1 reduced Vertical angle is + 30o10’13”, while the East Target V1 reduced Vertical Angle is + 27o16’55.5”. A general observation of these angles shows that angles that are relative to each other are almost equal with very minimal differences. Also, a general observation of all the angles measured, i.e the FLs and FRs shows that relative angles are almost equal, and the differences are small. The angles agree with each other correctly; the spread of the angles is satisfactory.

Distance Measurement

The measurement of the distances in this exercise will be said to be accurate and precise. All the distances were accurately measured using the tape measure provided. There are minimal effects on the distances due to general survey errors such as effects of weather e.g wind (Uren and Price, 2016) . However, all the distances measured in this exercise were accurate.

References

Satheesh, G., Sathikumar, R. and Madhu, N., (2016). Advanced surveying: Total Station, GIS and remote sensing.

Uren, J. and Price, W.F., (2016). Surveying for engineers. Macmillan International Higher Education.