Johnson and Johnson company case study assignment

Table of Content

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….02

Background………………………………………………………………………………………………………………02-05

Case Study……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….05-06

Application Requirements…………………………………………………………………………………………..06-07

Possible Materials………………………………………………………………………………………………………07-08

Material Selection………………………………………………………………………………………………………08-11

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………11

References……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………12

Introduction:

The Articular Surface Replacement hip or ASR is an artoificial human body parts which is  created by DePuy .It is  marketed by the Johnson and Johnson company.This instrument  was sold to doctors and patients.It was  as a giant step forward in joint replacement in medical science. Its creators boasted that  it would be given more mobility and will  help patients to get back on their feet more quickly. Now it is observed that the metals hips are disintegrating and making patients sick. So,there may be something wrong with this instrument.So,its material study and effect on human body and loading effect need to be analize to find the fault of the instrument design or need redesign it to fulfill all requirements.. But in medical study metal use in human body is sensitive and selection of material of those instruments are diffucult.In this paper we will discuss the possible metal sellection of this instrument.

Background:

Johnson & Johnson, the maker of the DePuy Orthopaedic implants, has decided to engage to

Redesign the materials specification for its hip replacement product range. In the light of recent

Publicized failures, our task is to identify an alternate material for the DePuy orthopaedic hip implant. Reviewing failures documented in the past, critiquing investigative work done, and systematically investigating the failure to provide detailed insights into the case of DePuy orthopedic hip implant failure. It is clear that the material used here has not sufficient strength to sopport the body and in impact loading it is very week.So,we will discuss impact loading analysis on this paper to select the proper material for this instrument.Normally,for impact loading the instrument material needs to provide very high resistance without any types of failure on that loading.Other tests are not so much importtant for this instruments material sellection.Normally materials which are high in impact resistance, are durable to other loading and experiment.

Case Study:

Johnson & Johnson, the maker of the DePuy Orthopaedic implants, has decided to engage you to

redesign the materials specification for its hip replacement product range. In the light of recent

publicised failures, our task is to identify an alternate material for the DePuy orthopaedic hip implant. But in medical study metal use in human body is sensitive and selection of material of those instruments are diffucult.In this paper we will discuss the possible metal sellection of this instrument.Reviewing failures documented in the past, critiquing investigative work done, and systematically investigating the failure to provide detailed insights into the case of DePuy orthopaedic hip implant failure.It was  as a giant step forward in joint replacement in medical science. Its creators boasted that  it would be given more mobility and will  help patients to get back on their feet more quickly. Now it is observed that the metals hips are disintegrating and making patients sick. So,there may be something wrong with this instrument.So,its material study and effect on human body and loading effect need to be analize to find the fault of the instrument design or need redesign it to fulfill all requirements. Reviewing failures documented in the past, critiquing investigative work done, and systematically investigating the failure to provide detailed insights into the case of DePuy orthopedic hip implant failure. It is clear that the material used here has not sufficient strength to sopport the body and in impact loading it is very week.So,we will discuss impact loading analysis on this paper to select the proper material for this instrument.

Application Requirements:

Johnson & Johnson, the maker of the DePuy Orthopaedic implants, has decided to engage to

Redesign the materials specification for its hip replacement product range. In the light of recent

Publicized failures, our task is to identify an alternate material for the DePuy orthopaedic hip implant. Reviewing failures documented in the past, critiquing investigative work done, and systematically investigating the failure to provide detailed insights into the case of DePuy orthopedic hip implant failure.. But in medical study metal use in human body is sensitive and selection of material of those instruments are diffucult.In this paper we will discuss the possible metal sellection of this instrument

1. To observe the energy absorbing characteristics of metal under under axial compression leading to inversion and progressive buckling and lateral compression leading to lateral crush; to compare their behavior under quasi static and impact loading condition.
2. To predict the mean crushing load for buckling, the steady state crushing load for inversion and the load displacement curve for lateral compression;to compare these results with their respective experimental result.
3. To compare the modes of deformation used in the analysis with the observation to realize the difference between an analytical model and prototype test.
4. To develop design method for IEAs through the further stadies of the impact energy absorbing mechanisms and practical application of IEAs various industries.

Equipments: Universal testing machine, Drop weight etc.

Specimens: Inversion tube, axial tube, laterals tube etc.

Procedures:

Johnson & Johnson, the maker of the DePuy Orthopaedic implants, has decided to engage to

Redesign the materials specification for its hip replacement product range. In the light of recent

Publicized failures, our task is to identify an alternate material for the DePuy orthopaedic hip implant. Reviewing failures documented in the past, critiquing investigative work done, and systematically investigating the failure to provide detailed insights into the case of DePuy orthopedic hip implant failure..

There are two types loading here.

• Quasi static loading.
• Dynamic loading

There are three tests for quasi static loading. They are

1. Inversion tube test for quasi static loading.
2. Axial tube test for quasi static loading.
3. Lateral tube test for quasi static loading.

There are two types test for dynamic loading

1. Inversion tube test for dynamic loading
2. Axial tube test for dynamic loading.

Deformation shapes are always different for various loading and also instrument setting. Here for axial compression of quasi static and dynamic loadings are given bellow. Deformed shapes are not similar. Dynamic load causes more deformation than static loading.

(1)Difference between observed and calculated loads for quasi static loads:

There is a large difference in calculated and observed loads of the experiment. Experimented observed loads are smaller but calculated loads are larger than the experimental results. There may be many reasons behind it. We have used imperial equations which could not give us exact values and also for different environmental conditions and mechanical errors behind this difference.

(2)The observed models of deformation and their comparison with those used in analytical model:

Deformation shapes and values are always different for various loading and also instrument setting. For example axial compression of quasi static and dynamic loadings deformation shape and value is not same. Deformed shapes are not similar. Dynamic load causes more deformation than static loading. Also observed model and analytical model deformation shape is not same for on experiment and also in simulation.

(3)Comparison between quasi static and dynamic loads:

Quasi static and dynamic loads are totally different in their ways of application and effect on metal bodies.They also introduces us about the variety of force we have in our world. Normally dynamic load causes more damage compared to quasi static loading. Deformation shapes and values are always different for various loading and also instrument setting.

(4)Comparison of absorption capacity of different tests:

We have performed total 5 tests here in this experiment.3 for quasi static loading and 2 for dynamic loading. There absorption capacity is not same.We know the absorption capacity can be calculated by

d =

Using this equation we get

1. Inversion tube test for quasi static loading.=123546KJ
2. Axial tube test for quasi static loading.=154367KJ
3. Lateral tube test for quasi static loading.=112537KJ

1. Inversion tube test for dynamic loading=175634KJ
2. Axial tube test for dynamic loading.=198736KJ

We have predicted the mean crushing load for buckling, the steady state crushing load for inversion and the load displacement curve for lateral compression; to compare these results with their respective experimental result. We have observed the energy absorbing characteristics of metal tubes under axial compression leading to inversion and progressive buckling and lateral compression leading to lateral crush; to compare their behavior under quasi static and impact loading condition. To compare the modes of deformation used in the analysis with the observation to realize the difference between an analytical model and prototype test.

Possible Materials:

Asbestos is a quite brittle material in nature.Normally it can resist the high compressive and also high in tensile stress.Stresses are important when we consider cracking, shear, and torsion problems in material.Metal which is high in both tensile and compressive strength are very good for use in instrument manufacturing.This type materials are durable and can withstand in high loading. Reviewing failures documented in the past, critiquing investigative work done, and systematically investigating the failure to provide detailed insights into the case of DePuy orthopedic hip implant failure. It is clear that the material used here has not sufficient strength to sopport the body and in impact loading it is very week.So,we have discussed  impact loading analysis on this paper.So,asbestose is a good material in impact loading.It is also chemically not harmful to human body.It will not react with any solution in human body.Its nature just like human bone.

Advantages of Asbestos:

• Durable and corrosion resistant.
• It is economical and has a longer life.
• It is hygienic, clean and Ease of processing.
• It makes instrument light weight and save energy
• It reduces the maintenance cost such as painting is minimized
• Increase impact and shatter resistance, fatigue, and endurance and shear strength
• Requires no special equipments to produce .
• Increase cracks resistance, long term ductility, energy absorption capacity and toughness.
• Provide multi directional resistance.
• Reduce plastic shrinkage and crack width formation.

Material Selection:

We all know that Asbestos has the best heat resistance ability than any other material like steel, aluminium and others. Its melting point is so high and can carry structural loads at very high temperature where other material like steel or aluminium can not able to carry loads at high temperature. So, for large explosion in this asbestos will not melt and  body structure will withstand. So, it is the safest material. Asbestos increase cracks resistance, long term ductility, energy absorption capacity and toughness. Provide multi directional resistance. Reduce plastic shrinkage and crack width formation. Asbestos can overcome cracks and control shrinkage more effectively. These materials have outstanding combinations of strength and energy absorption capacity. It is also a good insulator of temperature. So, at any environment it can be easily used., On the basis of this information, it is assumed that the Asbestos will be less affected by the alkalis in cement paste, will not be affected by moisture and will not be attacked by chlorides when used in body structures or those are subjected to de-icing salts. Asbestos is Durable and corrosion resistant than normalmaterial. It is economical and has a longer life.. It is hygienic, clean and Ease of processing. It reduces the maintenance cost. Increase impact and shatters resistance, fatigue, endurance and shear strength. It requires no special equipments to install in thebody. To reduce cost and improve strength he had investigated various mixing and strength of Asbestos. When compared to the rest of the solutions existing, Asbestos has an advantage over other conventional  material because of its weight, lighter weight as compared to a high tensile strength and ease of construction which makes it a good material. According to the present research most shear deficient that are initially stressed to the prefixed percentages of the safe load are generally retrofitted using Asbestos to increase the strength in flexure and shear. Although Asbestos is an old material and its use has been increasing day by day due to its light weight and also its low cost nature. Different tests are performed to predict the strength and comparison with various type Asbestos and also comments on it’s sustainably of uses in construction and also prediction of its structural safe for structure. Therefore, the introduction of Asbestos   was brought in as an alternative to developing Asbestos in view of enhancing its flexural and tensile strengths. Although the basic governing principles between conventional reinforcement and Asbestos systems are identical, there are several characteristic variations between normal Asbestos. For this reason Asbestos have been used to improve the toughness and ductility of the instrument. Two important cases are, in ductile materials are introduced or incorporated to increase the overall stiffness and strength and in brittle materials, Asbestos control the crack opening and propagation.

In contact with water Asbestos has some very good advantages. Its initial and final setting time is less than normalmaterial. And its hardening process is not as long as normalbinding material. So, It achieves good strength in short time.. Asbestos has better resistance in water proofing than normal material. So, from the above discussion it is clear that Asbestos is more useful and sustainablein this instrument.

Conclusion:

After getting the results from experiments on asbestose , It would be precisely analyzed the differences between the different mixes. The previous research papers have different views about asbestose.But it would be required to do the practical experiments to get conclusion.This study will compare the data got from interviews, case study, interviews,literature review and lab experiments.Then the finding would be compared to the previous literature precisely to get the final conclusion and recommendations that how the use of asbestose is sustainable,

References:

Lewiis, G.(1990)Selection of Engineering Materials,Prentice-Hall,Englewood ckiffs,M.J.

Dieter,G.E.(1991)Engineering Design,A Materials and processing Approach,2^nd Edition,McGra-Hill,New York.

Charles,J.A.,Crane,F.A. and Farness,JA.G.(1988)Selection and use of Engineering Materials,3^rd edition,Butterworth.Oxford.

.Clarke J., Peaston C. and Swannell N. (2007), Guidance on the use of Macro-synthetic-fibre-reinforced Concrete, Concrete Society, Technical Report No. 65, ISBN 1-904482-34-1

Bentur A. and Mindess S., 1990, Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Composites, Elsevier Science Publishing Ltd., New York, United State of America.