HR theory in organization hierarchy: Fayol’s theory of management

HR theory in organization hierarchy: Fayol’s theory of management

Q?? Write about HR theory of management principles??Introduction

This essay talks about administrative theory which concentrates on the kinds of hierarchy and specialization which could increase the organization efficiency. The theory of administrative stressed on the functions of the management and tries to create wider principles of administrative which could serve the guidelines for the validation of the activities of the organization. For the long period career of the employees Fayol formed 14 principles of the management. The principle of giving sufficient authority with accountability is also broadly commented and well practiced. Good discipline helps the managers of the organization to apply relevant sanctions wherever violation becomes clear. It is very clear that there are various criticisms of the Fayols theory such as mechanical approach which does not focus on the motivation and communication among the employees and focuses more on the structure of the formal organization. At last it can be said that Fayol and Weber shows concern for the equity to relate the reward and the performance of the employees.Administrative Approach to management

It has been noticed that the Henri Fayol’s theory of administrative mainly concentrates on the personal duty of the management with more coarse level. In general, Henry believed that the organization management has five roles such as to plan and forecast, to command, to organize, to control and to coordinate. Planning and forecasting considered as the act of estimating the future and reacting accordingly. Organization is considered as the formation of the institution inputs such as human and material. Commanding helps in maintaining of the organization process and actions. On the other side, coordination is treated as the harmonization and alignment of the efforts of the group. Finally, control helps the organization to work in accordance with the sufficient procedures and rules. In general, Henri Fayol and Max Weber developed the administration and bureaucracy principles which are applicable to the leaders and managers today when they are at the verge of the 20^th century. The research on the modern management refines the principles to better fit the contemporary situations. The enhancing interest in the implementation of workers empowerment and departmental teams are concerns that the mangers faced the century ago. The first specialist in the theory of administrative management was Fayol during the period of 1841 and 1925. Fayol was the management consultant and the French industrialist. In general, Fayol is the part of the administrative management of classical school. According to the Fayol experience in management, he strongly believes that the theories of the management may be formed and educated to others (Walton, 1977).The administrative theorists viewed at the improvements in the productivity from top down approach in comparison to Scientific Taylor approach that supports bottom up approach. The administrative theorists formed guidelines on how to form the proper relationships and organizational structures. The administrative theorists laid stress on job in comparison to the employee. The focus of the theory is to concentrate on the kinds of hierarchy and specialization which could increase the organization efficiency. The approach of the administrative management focuses on the manager and the management functions. It is very clear that the Fayol was considered as the father of the administrative theory. According to Fayol, there are 5 functions for the managers such as planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and control. Henry believed that the procedures of efficient management must be taught and defined so that the managerial organization is referred as the employee’s organization. The work of the Fayol comprised explaining of principles body that would make the manager to maintain the official arrangement of organization and control it in the logical path. The analysis and perception of the management referred as the discipline of Fayol original involvement to the thought of the management. At last, there are some criticisms for the theory of administrative management such as inadequate significance to the Informal organization, Ideas taken from the Military Science, Mechanical approach and the theory of management oriented (Sparrow &Cooper, 1998)

Advantages of the Henry Fayols Approach

Fayol formed the 14 principles of the management to match with the management main functions. The 14 principles are as follows like specialization of labor, authority with accountability, discipline, staff remuneration, order, scalar chain, centralization, tenure stability, esprit de corps and initiative etc. Fayol believed that the team dynamics and the personal effort regarded as the part of the ideal organization. The five principles of Henry Fayol such as planning, organizing, commanding, controlling and coordinating are still practiced in the management of the organization. But on the other side, principles of Fayol such as unity of direction and unity of command are constantly breached in the matrix management of the Companies. For the long period career of the employees Fayol formed 14 principles of the management.

Division of Work: It is very clear that division of the work offers better work with the similar effort. It concentrates effort while increasing the productivity of the employee. It is relevant to all working conditions comprising technical applications.

Authority creates Responsibility: It is very clear that the authority creates responsibility, and authority can be considered as the right to offer powers and the orders for achieving exact obedience.

Discipline: Another principle of Fayol is related to the discipline which helps the organization to maintain the respect among the employees based upon the fair contracts which are essential to the organization.

Unity of the Command: this principle helps the employee to get orders from one superior only.

Unity of the direction: this principle helps the organization to have one action plan and central authority.

Subordination of Worker Interest to General Interest: the concerns of one and group of employees are attached with the interests and objectives of organization and could not succeed over it.

Remuneration of Workers: Salaries can be referred as the service price given to the employees. It must be fair and offer satisfaction to both employer and the employee. The remuneration rate is reliable on the service value and established by the market of the employment (Robbins, 1996)

Centralization: the optimum centralization degree changes as per the each organization dynamics.

Scalar chain the chain of power prevails from the highest organization authority to the lower ranks. The gang plank offers the straight communication among employees which helps in enhancing the efficiency of the communication of the organization (Pearce & Ravlin, 1987)

Order: The accurate materials and workers are mandatory for each function and activity of the organization.

 Equity: In organization, equity referred as the mixture of justice and the kindliness.

Stability of Tenure of the Worker: the stable workforce helps in achieving the maximum personnel productivity. The insecurity of the management offers non desirable consequences.

 Initiative: Think out the plan and make sure its success is the important robust motivator. At all stages of the organization, zeal, energy and ladder on employee’s part are increased by the initiative.

 Esprit de Corps: This principle helps in encouraging of the teamwork which is important to the organization (Pasmore, 1978).

The organizational research had made controversy over the Fayol principles but still they are implemented in the theory of the management. The principles made by the Weber and the Fayol offer sufficient and clear guidelines so that the manager make use the resources of the organization effectively. But still these principles considered as the part of management theories, currently researchers have developed principles to fit the modern conditions. At last it can be said that Fayol and Weber shows concern for the equity to relate the reward and the performance of the employees.Criticism of Fayol’s Theory

It is very clear that the functions and management principles of the Fayol are still implemented today for coordinating of the organizations. But after having various advantages, the administrative theory is discouraged on the subsequent grounds such as theory of management oriented, inadequate significance to the Informal organization, ideas taken from the military science and mechanical approach (Fong & Kleiner, 2004).

Management Related Theory: At last, it has been noticed that the Fayol theory of management is management based and does not offer too much concentration on the workers problem.

Inadequate Significance to the Informal Organization: The Fayols theory of management such as administrative theory does not offer too much significance to informal groups. The Fayols theory of management focuses on the structure of the formal organization (Nutt, 2004).

Ideas Borrowed From the Military Science: It has been noticed that few of the ideas of administrative theory has taken from the science. The theorists try to apply the ideas in the business and social organizations. The most significant disadvantage of the Henry Fayol theory is that it gave significance to the commanding and not helps in direction of the workers.

Mechanical Approach: The Fayols theory of management like administrative theory does not transact with the significant management aspects like communication, motivation and leading.

 Conclusion

At last, it is concluded that the Henry Fayol 14 principles of the management and the administrative theory helps the managers of the organization how to increase the productivity of the organization. The theory of administrative stressed on the functions of the management and tries to create wider principles of administrative which could serve the guidelines for the validation of the activities of the organization. But after having various advantages, the administrative theory is discouraged on the subsequent grounds such as theory of management oriented, inadequate significance to the Informal organization, ideas taken from the military science and mechanical approach.

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