HR Managemet Assignment help On : Cross cultural Management
Introduction
Culture is being defined as beliefs, knowledge, values which is being shared by different communities of world. It explains patterns of behaviors and experiences which are being shared by the people (Karakowsky 2001). Culture explains the different customs, traditions, language, rituals, food, dress, symbols, art and etc of different countries. Jeff Bezosv has defined culture as” Culture for better or worse are very stable”. Today in an era of globalization it is very important for everyone to understand culture form global point to explore the business and increase economies of world. It is the culture which differentiates people, organizations and countries by creating an edge over others. Peter Drucker has defines culture as “Company culture are like country culture, Never try to change one, Try instead to work with what you have got”. Proper understanding of culture will help in understanding social, legal, political, and technical aspects before entering into any country. The factors such as ethnocentric, geocentric and poly centric can be understood properly from global aspects of business. There are many organizations that lack to understand cultures of different countries because of which their projects get’s failed in different countries. They realize it as cultural shocks when they analyze it properly. There is a firm that wishes to establish a manufacturing operation in the Far East and Asia. First of all management needs to compare analyze the cultural difference of both the continents. There are several levels of culture which European Organization needs to understand and they are listed below in tabular format (Bacchi, Carol 2000).
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Countries |
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| Aspects | European culture | Asian Culture |
| National/ Societal Culture | European culture is build upon the Greeks mythology. They majority of people follow Christianity. People consume dairy products as compared to raw food. The citizens like to participate in sport based activities. The changes in terms of demographic structures can be notice by fashions and lifestyles being carried by the people over there. | It is one of the continents which is found richest in terms of several cultures. People here belong to several cultures such as Hindu, Muslim, Christian and etc. People here are consuming meat as well as the dairy products. It is continent full of music, art and monuments. People are very hardworking in nature and follow religion strictly |
| Organizational Culture | It European countries it is believed that employees should be disciplined in term of time management. People shake hand when they meet each other. Strict table manners are being followed when business lunches are held in Europe. | The Asian greet by bowing their heads. The employees settle down in Asian countries according to their hierarchical order. According to Asians, their body postures are considered important while greeting someone in an organization. |
| Identity Group Culture | Europeans are more civilized in nature as compared to the Asians. | Asians are conservative in nature are very emotional at times. |
| Functional Culture | Europeans value and take interest in learning the culture to gain awareness so that they can develop healthy international trade relations. | Asians were rigid in their approach in past but these days youths of Asia are following the European culture. |
| Team Culture | In European organization the work is distributed in a team which helps in successful completion of work. It provides results with synergy effects. | In Asian countries the team concept is missing. The multinational of several countries are deploying the employees on team based projects. |
| Individual Culture | The nuclear family system is preferred in Europe ( TMC2010). | The joint family system is preferred and people cooperate with each other. |
2. Recognizing Culture
A European company and it has got its own corporate culture which has been employing and respecting different diversities of employees. The management practices followed at European organizations is liberal in nature. The employees are hired without discrimination on the basis of race, religion and genders. The work is being delegated by management on team basis. It follows a team structure on the basis of projects being handled by them. The employees are civilized in nature and greet others with respects. There is no fixed style of management in European organization. It believes in working on virtual basis, enjoys flexi hours. The autocratic and centralized approach is being followed where communication flows from top and reaches to the bottom level. Employees are treated with empathy are professional in their code of conduct. It has got horizontal approach employees are extroward in nature (University of Iasi 2012).
The European country should recognize culture of Asian people before entering into it. It should modify its culture accordingly because of different reasons. In Asian countries people believe to operate in an organization by developing healthy employment relationships. The collective decision is being taken by the management of an organization. The structure followed is decentralized in where employees are empowered by management to participate in decisions making process. The profits of organization are being shared among societies too. Employees are introward in nature and conservative too. The company wants employees to be physically present for working in plants, offices and companies. Individual working style of employees is being preferred more. Most of the nations are developing in Asian continent where the employees come from diverse cultural backgrounds are rigid related to their religion. At times employee’s become unprofessional when they are being exploited by management in form of lesser payment of wages, and are forced to work in unhealthy environments.
3. Communication and culture
In European Organizational communication takes place by sharing cultural emotions can take verbally and non-verbally. The verbal communication takes place when employees and delegated participate in lunch by shaking hands with each other. The top management takes the decision and it flows to the bottom level. People can communicate virtually in European organization. The various symbols such as dress, body language and etiquettes of people reflect the style of communication. The rights of human are being protected as per European culture. The miscommunication is being avoided because team base culture is developed and it helps in smooth and transparent flow of communication. The organization believes that innovation and development can take place with the help of appropriate communication process (Inder Science Enterprises Ltd 2007). Too much of communication with supervisor by employees shows that employees lack in their skills and decisions power. The symbol used in designing logo of an organization is based on Greek mythology. As rituals in Europe Christmas is being celebrated.
Whereas, managers of European companies while entering into China should take care because Chinese people believe that respect show be given by bowing their heads at workplace. The employees need to be empowered so that they can help in communicating while making decisions related to business. The management communicates with employees to assign their work (Black well Publishing 2010). Dragon is the symbol used by the Chinese people. The Chinese organizational management follows supportive and participative style of leadership during communication process. It believes in ensuring effective communication by using process of negotiation. The communication process takes place from bottom to top level for efficient management of the organization. In China spring festival is being celebrated.
4. Culture and management Practice
The European organization follows a formalized structure and they believe in limited mobility. It hardly follows any single management practice. In context of culture the human resources of an organization certain laws helps in governing them. Individual agreement is followed and also mono culture is being reflected. The legislative system is being followed in strict manner. The management follows balance remuneration system and union based activities are not favored at workplace. The employees are attached to an organization and region because they possess belongingness. Management of an organization pays more emphasis on Human resource based activities. The management is less centralized in European countries and they believe that resources such as employees and technologies are their main strengths.
Before entering into Asian country like china management of European company should have knowledge about management and practice followed by the Chinese companies. The management views business on the basis of ling and short term approach. The decisions are taken by seeking suggestions from employees, committees and etc. It follows participation with the top down and bottom up approach. The organization can implement change in a rapidly because it need time to analyze certain factors. It follows a Bureaucratic style of management at times when it wants to compete with other organizations. The employees are not treated on equal basis and promotions are less. They focus very less in terms of qualitative aspects because there is poor existence of HR systems over there. The employees & leaders lack loyalty and dedication towards their organization and management (Heinz Weihrich n.d).
5. Culture & the Organisation (The International Manager 1, 2 Europe, China)
The organization which is operating in Europe is sharing intellectual autonomy. The employees and managers speak English as the main language. The employees are harmonized, pragmatic, and encouraging in nature. The culture of European organization follows a formalized communication process such as shaking hands during business meeting. The organization believes in diversity hiring because it helps in growing the business. The culture of organization believes n taking care of environment by recycling its wage products. The management considers its duty to protect resources such as animals, and plants. The business deals are finalized and discussed by organization in proper formal lunch process. The organization believes that difference created in terms of cultural values might result in miscommunication process within an organization (University of Bristol 2001).
While entering into china market second manager should understand aspect of organizational culture and communication process being followed there. The organization believes in mass production process by focusing less in term of quality. It is a developing country and technological development is taking place day by day over there. The organizations have been protested by the labors in china because the multinationals have been paying very less to them as compared to the home country’s wage rate. If we compare according to Hofstede’s theory power is unequally being distributed in an organization because top management holds the power. The individuals are migrating for their better future and growth. There is a collective approach because maximum people in societies like to work in group (Managementstudyguide.com 2012). There is difference between males and females contribution process to an organization in china. The uncertainty takes place when the multinationals are being protested by Chinese labor by organizing strikes and etc. The short term objective is being met by fulfilling social aspects of employees and long term objective gets achieved with perseverance (Love To Know Corp 2012).
(Manage 2012)
6. Culture in Education and Health Care of both Countries.
The education system of Europe is famous throughout the world. They believe it is an authorized systems to be followed in both the sectors. The students engage themselves in research based activities which increases their lateral thinking process. It helps them to grow in their career and professional life. The standards are being followed which helps in creating a better culture to develop a platform for exchanging the communication process. The training is being provided to students on the basis of diversity which helps to respects and show concern for others by creating self awareness. The cultural competence training is being given to students and feed back is generated simultaneously. It is believed that discriminating nature will create problems in health care sectors and raise cultural issues. Therefore a balance ethical approach is being used to pacify things (Erin Yoshimura 2000).
While entering into Asian country like china managers need to have understanding regarding the health and education system. In china the demographics structure has been changing according to time. The youths are opting higher education process and are conscious related to their health. In past labor in china were exploited because they were forced to work in hazardous conditions but now they are civilized and aware about their human rights. It is an over populated country and government is enforcing culture of one child policy. Certain global health care organizations such as WHO has been assisting poor sections in china by providing health and educational facilities.
7. Team Concept
The organization is following team based culture in Europe. It helps in sharing of resources and exchanging information. It provides synergy effect that can help an organization to grow manifold times. The company believes in skill development, improving performance level which helps in increasing productivity. It provides more flexibility at workplace and provides satisfaction to employees.
In china organization follows individual approach because each worker needs to perform the work individually. There is a belief that team concept is not required in their mass production process. The employee should know how to operate technology for production process. Therefore management has to take initiative to divide work in form of teams so that it can start their business in china. The culture related to team work should be organized and formed (Hearst Communication Inc 2012).
8. Conclusion
Thus it can be concluded that organization needs to view international business from cross cultural aspects. It will relate business from several viewpoints such as legal, psychological, emotional, and environmental perspectives. Organizations which can understand culture can develop competitive edge over others. According to the given topic there is an European firm who wants to operate its operation in Far East and Asian Countries. For this purpose management of European organization needs to compare the cultures of both countries such as Europe and China. It has been compared on several aspects such as societal, organizational, Identity group culture, functional, team and individual basis. The similarities and dissimilarities are being explained according to above shown table. In Europe organizational culture is liberal, work is being assigned among employees in a team, employees are hired from diverse cultural backgrounds, employees enjoy flexi hours, professional code of conduct is being followed, and communication flows from top to bottom level where as in case of china employees are introward in nature, union based activities is preferred more, profits of organization is being shared in societies, and employees are rigid for their culture. In European organization Greek symbols are used and people communicate messages in form of dress, body language, and etiquettes whereas in case of China Dragon symbol is being used. In European organization they do not have fixed style of management but have formalized structure whereas in China employees are empowered and they assist in decision making process. According to European organizational culture difference results in miscommunication process within an organization. The Hofstede’s theory is being used to explain china’s cultural difference such as power distance, masculinity/feminity, short term /long term goals, Uncertainty avoidance, and Individual/ Collectivism. In Europe cultural competence training is being provided and feed back is generated simultaneously whereas labor in china were exploited because they were forced to work in hazardous conditions but now they are civilized and aware about their human rights. Thus all this factors will help European management to understand the cultural factors before entering into Asian countries.
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