HR assignment on: Employee background and employees in work place 

The answers of the questions are explained below 

1.      In an era of globalization there are major challenges which are being faced by employees while working in their organization. The major challenges of working in today’s workplace are managing diversity at workplace, maintaining work-life balance and following ethical standards of an organization. At organizations employees are being hired from several cultural backgrounds, different age groups, race, languages, and from several economic backgrounds to grow their business.  It is being observed that many times for expanding business employers and employees engage themselves in unethical activities without following morality and law set by government that creates multiple issues and challenges for their stakeholders.  The definition of work-life balance states that values enjoyed by employee from organization and families.  Most of the times it is being perceived that work-life balance means to devote half time to work and half time to their families which is not true. The most important and challenging factor which is being faced by employees are to maintain work-life balance. It has been observed that employees have been spending maximum hours at their organizations and at homes for accomplishing their tasks and responsibilities. This factor is reducing their participation in leisure based activities with their family members. It hampers the mindsets of employees in a psychological manner and incurs behaviouraial conflict at home and at organizations (Scheremerhorn John R, Bailey   1986). There are several symptoms which employees face because of work-life balance such as poor mental and physical health, higher stress level, fatigue, lower engagement and higher anxiety, and poor appetite. It brings changes in organizational and individual performance level inform of abseentism at workplace, high turnover of employees, and poor quality of output hampering overall productivity of an organization.  In such case employees can manage this sort of challenges by applying several methods such as employers can plan for vacations and paid holidays to motivate and reduce stress level of employees, medical facilities can be provided for employees and their family members, employees can seek for productive work by negotiating with their managers, appropriate time schedules can be framed by employees to minimize the wastages, employees can seek for help from mangers during difficult situations, and employers can  apply process of job rotation to engage employees. In such situation top management of an organization need to frame friendly working policies, redesign the jobs, and engage employees in fun based activities. In organizations such as Virgin group the CEO/ Leader Sir Richard Branson ensures that work-life balance is maintained for by employees so that creativity and innovation is being increased form employees side which help to grow and diversify their business. Appropriate maintenance work-life balance helps in prioritizing time, ensures good health of employees, improves the immune system, promotes peace and security at workplace, enhances productivity of an organization, develops a proper working culture, develops accountability and honesty towards organization from employees side and  helps in meeting expectation of all stakeholders(Stephen K Hacker & Toni L Doolen    2003).  Therefore employers and employees must coordinate with each other to accept and manage the challenges being faced in terms of work-life balance. 

1. 2.      According to Mary Parker Follet” Management is being defined as an art of getting things done from others”. It is a process to align all people and resource for achieving the organizational goals to grow the organization.   Management is a process of systematic planning, organizing, controlling and directing employees for getting the work time in an effective and efficient manner.  The process of management includes structuring, analyzing, investigating, communicating, budgeting and decision making for supporting the management of an organization.  It is being highlighted as most important tool for equipping people with resources, knowledge, tools and techniques which help’s in systematic flow of activities for getting the work done. There are four pillars of management which supports an organization’s and they are planning organization, controlling and directing. Planning is required at organization for achieving the goals without wasting the resources. It is being planned in strategic manner and broken down into tactics for outlining and indicating duties and responsibilities to be performed by managers and employees (Van De Ven, Andrew H: Angle, Harold L;  Poole    1989).  It is known in the field of management that half of the work is being accomplished with the help of effective planning process.  Planning ensures detail description of activities which minimizes gaps that might hinder overall progress of an organization.  In management process organizing is being defined as the process of assigning and putting the plan in action. It includes activities which must to be carried on for generating overall organizational success. Organizing help in identifying activities by arranging it in a departmental format, classifying it according to the authorities and by ensuring coordination. Controlling is a process of monitoring activities of employees for measuring performance of employees according to the set standards. It is a method to guide employees in their work so that resources are utilized for productive work.  It is said by many researchers that controlling is a forward looking and succeeding process for an organization. Directing is a process of showing direction to the employees by guiding and instructing which encourages employees to perform in a superior manner for accomplishing their work.  It is known that directing is required in every organization at all the levels of hierarchy for continuously moving human factor. It is being said that leaders of an organization show direction to its employees which helps in aligning performance of employees towards mission, vision and future goals of an organization. One can learn management skills and competencies by engaging themselves group and team based activities. It can be learned by managing activities on daily basis at business and while performing activities outside the organizations. Management is applicable for getting any work done in a systematic manner (Payam Hanafizadeh & Sorousha Moayer    2008). It can be taught at organizations by the process of training and developmental activities which will engage and encourage employees for applying management skills and competencies.  It is also well known that an individual needs to apply managerial skills and competencies such as planning, organizing, controlling and directing in a practical manner for learning it on continuous manner.
2. A manager can be defined as an individual who handles entire responsibilities of employees. He has got the power to fire and hire employees for getting the work done form individuals. Managers are responsible for maintaining structures and systems by focusing upon the bottom line of an organization. He acts as a bridge between top and bottom level of hierarchy. There are several types of roles and responsibilities which must be handled by the mangers such as planning, organizing, leading, directing and controlling.  The managers are well known for his coordination process which helps encouraging and motivating employees. He holds the power to manage administrative work and participates in decision making process of an organization.   According to Mintzberg’s managerial roles a manger needs to perform three main roles such as interpersonal, decisional and informational roles.  Interpersonal roles help managers to develop relationship with people within and outside an organization by acting in form of figure head to represent whole organization, leading to show the direction and acting as a liaison for developing networks.  Informational roles helps in seeking information by acting as a monitor who receives information, acting as a disseminator for filtering the information and acting as a spokesperson for passing the information. As per the decisional role manager must act as an entrepreneur for accepting risks in business, must act as a disturbance handler for taking charge of unpredictable situations, act as resource allocator for distributing resources in proper manner and be a negotiator for participating in trade unions and several competitions.  The managers must have knowledge of finance, marketing, human resource management, and information technology for managing business related activities (David A Griffith and Jessica J Hoppner    2013). The managers work in organization at three levels such as top, middle and bottom level. At lower level managers must apply technical skills so that non managerial employees can be supervised.  In an organization at bottom level managers must apply human skills for reaching to organizational skills and at top level managers must apply conceptual skills for bringing out creativity and innovation to manage the overall business.  The managers must develop several types of competencies for enhancing their managerial performance by inculcating planning, negotiating, directing, communicating and decision making skills so that organizational goals can be obtained in an effective manner.    There are several changes which are being noticed with changing roles of managers in an era of globalization. The managers must have knowledge regarding mergers, acquisitions, process for expanding their business to a global context. Today managers have been stretching their performance level because of severe competition and they believe in coming out from their comfort zones to show their abilities and competencies.  The managers have to meet drivers of business such as technological changes, cultural shifts, economic fluctuations, innovation and creativity, and etc to manage changes which might affect overall business of an organization.  Thus managers act as a trainer, coach and facilitator for employees and top management so that organizational goals can be obtained in fixed period of time (Davidson Jeffery P     1986).

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