Introduction

This assignment contains three parts associated with the case of a house renovation project. They include project management plan, risk management plan, and analysis of a conflict in human resource on project. The project management plan contains WBS, project diagrams, and a feasibility analysis for the project. The risk management identifies risks, analyses them and suggests response plans. The last part of this report explores the case of a project member who is unable to cope up with the team and is suggested for removal. Communication theories are explored to identify the right course of action for management concerning the team member.

PART 1

WBS

1. Project Initiation
   1. Contractor Selection
   1. Raw Material Purchase
   1. Project planning
2. Internal Work
   1. Setup
      1. Plumbing
      1. Electrics
      1. Plastering
   1. Installation
      1. Kitchen installation
      1. Bathroom installation
   1. Interiors
      1. Internal Decoration
      1. Carpet fitting
3. External Work
   1. Roof Repair Work
   1. Garden installation
   1. Outside paint
4. Project Closure
   1. Closure documentation
   1. Payments to contractors
   1. Project sign-off

(Devi & Reddy, 2012)

Network Diagram[MA1] 

Network diagram is a pictorial representation of schedule of the project. It will help the property developer to decide which tasks are critical and which can be crashed without delaying the entire project.

Critical Path Analysis[MA2] 

Critical path is defined as the sequence of activities from the starting to the completion of the project. A project can have one or more than one critical path which depends on the complexity of logical flow of the project. If there is a delay in finishing any activity on the critical path then the entire project gets delayed. Critical path helps the manager to decide which activities not to be delayed and if any delay occurs then additional resources can be used to keep the project on track. Since the budget and time are limited, then property developer can decide which tasks to be crashed without adding more resources so that project gets completed within 6 weeks. Along with this, using a critical path, the property developer can check which activity duration can be reduced to decrease the overall duration of project however there can be resource overloading which in turn can increase both budget and duration of entire project.

The highlighted tasks form the critical path:

The above mentioned table shows that besides plumbing, garden installation and outside paint all activities are critical i.e. property developer can reduce longer activities like contractor selection, project planning and electrics to bring project on track in case the project starts consuming more resources and still taking longer than expected.

Project Feasibility with two workers

 If one worker was involved in the task completion, the worker would take time as per the table below:

Activity	Time needed to complete
Substantial repairs to the roof	8 days
Internal structural work	4 days
Electrical work	7 days
Plumbing	6 days
Installing a new kitchen	3 days
Installing a new bathroom	4 days
Garden	5 days
Plastering	4 days
Internal decoration	5 days
Fitting carpets	1 day
Outside paintwork	5 days

Considering the sequence in which each task is to completed, if two workers are employed on the project which will start on 26^th Aug 2018, the project would take time as per the below milestone table:

Activity	Time needed to complete with 2 workers	Milestone
Project Imitation	4 days	31st Aug 2018
Substantial repairs to the roof	4 days	4th Sept 2018
Internal structural work	2 days	6th Sept 2018
Electrical work	4 days	10th Sept 2018
Plumbing	3 days	9th Sept 2018
Installing a new kitchen	2 days	12th Sept 2018
Installing a new bathroom	2 days	12th Sept 2018
Garden	3 days	7th Sept 2018
Plastering	2 days	14th Sept 2018
Internal decoration	3 days	17th Sept 2018
Fitting carpets	1 day	18th Sept 2018
Outside paintwork	3 days	7th Sept 2018
Site Cleaning	2 days	20th Sept 2018
Project Closure	1 day	21st Sept 2018

With two workers involved in each work, the work can be completed in half the time such that if one worker can complete project in 2 days then 2 workers can do the same in 1 day. For duration that have odd counts, the total count of work days would be rounded off to a whole number more than half time of the work. For instance, a work needing 3 days by a single worker can be completed by 2 workers in 2 days. The calculations have been made with an assumption that both the workers are equally efficient. With this calculation, the whole project can be completed in less than a month starting from project initiation on 26^th Aug 2018 and project closing by 21^st Sept 2018 (Australian Development Corporation, 2009).[MA3] [MOU4] 

PART 2

Risk Management[MA5] 

[MA6]  Risks are inevitable in a project and thus, a project manager needs to remain prepared to deal with them.  A risk management strategy involves identification, ranking, planning, managing, monitoring and controlling of risks. A manager can assume any of the four types of responses to any project risk and these include acceptance, avoidance, mitigation, and transfer.

• Risk acceptance: When the impact of a risk is not severe but its correction can take significant amount of resources, the risk can be accepted as it is without an action. Certain risks that cannot be resolved are also accepted.
• Risk avoidance: Risks that can cause major disruption of project and can be avoided by taking appropriate actions are avoided.
• Risk mitigation: Certain risks that cannot be avoided would impact project negatively, these impacts can be reduced through the use of appropriate mitigation strategy.  
• Risk sharing and transfer: Risks are usually shared with partners and suppliers so that the impact of the risks are not drowning one party to contract in a project.

Risk Response Table

Risk Category	Risk	Impact	Probability of Occurrence	Response plan[MA7]
Cost overrun	The actual cost incurred in procuring raw materials and completing the renovation work can take more expenses than initially planned (SAEO, 2015).	Moderate	Medium	The project activities must be monitored and budget should be released in stages based on individually phase requirement to keep a control over the costs of the project. The budget should be allotted as per the requirements of each activity identified in the WBS and a contingency amount should be added to the total budget at the time of approval so that any variations from expected in investments can be taken care of (C.R & Thomas, 2011).
Scheduling risks	Delays are caused in delivers of the project tasks such as supplier delays in sending raw materials or delays in the plumbing, electric or repair work by the assigned workers (Smith, 2014)	Moderate	High	The project must be monitored according to the schedule of the project and at any hint of getting delays, appropriate actions must be taken immediately to ensure that work gets completed on time. If delays are still occurring, the project manager may have to use additional resources to keep up with the work. For delays that cannot be prevented and can cause delays in final delivery of the project, additional approval may be taken for extension of the project schedule from the owner and the additional time may be allotted to the project work (Burke, 2013).
Communication risks	Conflicts between the workers in the company can lead to delays or other issues at work making the productivity of the project team to suffer (Singh & Bhatia, 2002)	High	Medium	These conflicts can be avoided with the project manager taking efforts to familiarize people in the team with each other and take steps to create a bonding between them in the initiation phase of the project so that they understand each other’s work and communication styles. However, conflicts can still occur due to personality, culture or thinking differences. In the case of such conflicts, the project manager must work as a mediator and resolve the conflicts between the workers in conflict and arrive at an acceptable solution that satisfies all conflicting workers and the work does not suffer (Burke & Barron, 2014).
Stakeholder related risks	Project team is unable to fully understand all the stakeholder requirements because of which the final deliveries are not accepted by them and rework is demanded (Vleems, 2018).	High	Moderate	This type o risk must be avoided for which the project manager must ensure to take inputs from all the major stakeholders of the project before it is even started and planning must be done considering their needs. A common consensus must be reached between stakeholder requirements so that the final deliverables are acceptable to the stakeholders and get approval (C.R & Thomas, 2011).
Scoping risks	The project scope may expand during the project because of rework or additional demands from stakeholder which would lead to rise in resource requirements as well as can cause delays on the project	High	Low	The project scope must be developed in much depth during planning of a project so that all stakeholder needs and project requirements are taken care of without fail. The scope of the project must be verified after it is developed with the client or stakeholders to ensure that nothing is missed out and all activities to be completed on the project are listed in the WBS without fail (Burke & Barron, 2014)
Technical Risks	The deliverables could have some technical issues like leakages from the pipes that can cause difficulties to residents	Low	Medium	They have to be avoided as far as possible but if they still occur, repairs should be done immediately.
Operations Risks	Insufficient data on requirements can make project activities to suffer or their qualities to get affected. Project can face difficulties in getting timely approvals because of this	Very Low	High	This situation must be avoided by involving all project stakeholders in the requirements gathering stage and if there is lack of details found, the project manager should intervene to get all details before the project begins.

Risk Scores

A risk score reflects upon the severity of a risk and it can be calculated by multiple the impact of risk and its probability of occurrence normally. However, there can also be a qualitative assessments where a number of factors would determine the final score. Risk probability can range from very low (1 in 100), low (1 in 10), medium (1 in 5), high (1 out of 2) , to very high (every event is risky). Risk impacts can also have similar range but with consideration of cost of impact on project compared to budget which can be <1% (very low), <5% (low), up to 10% (Medium), up to 20%(High) ,  to more than 20% of budget which is very high.

Risk	Impact	Probability of Occurrence	Severity
The actual cost incurred in procuring raw materials and completing the renovation work can take more expenses than initially planned (SAEO, 2015).	Medium 3	Medium 3	9
Delays are caused in delivers of the project tasks such as supplier delays in sending raw materials or delays in the plumbing, electric or repair work by the assigned workers (Smith, 2014)	Medium 3	High 4	12
Conflicts between the workers in the company can lead to delays or other issues at work making the productivity of the project team to suffer (Singh & Bhatia, 2002)	Very High 5	Medium 3	15
Project team is unable to fully understand all the stakeholder requirements because of which the final deliveries are not accepted by them and rework is demanded (Vleems, 2018).	High 4	Medium 3	12
The project scope may expand during the project because of rework or additional demands from stakeholder which would lead to rise in resource requirements as well as can cause delays on the project	Very High 5	Low 2	10
The deliverables could have some technical issues like leakages from the pipes that can cause difficulties to residents	Low 2	Medium 3	6
Insufficient data on requirements can make project activities to suffer or their qualities to get affected. Project can face difficulties in getting timely approvals because of this	Very Low 1	High 4	4

Opportunities & Strategies

Considering the risks occurring on the project, following opportunities can be identified to make the project smoother to work and the strategies that can be used for ensuring the best of opportunities by managing the risks ( Project Management Institute, 2016):[MA8] 

Monitoring and control: It involves reveiew of al project activities as well as analysis of the outcomes in terms of the cost impacts and results. The real impacts of the activities are analysed and compared to expected outcome and if there is any deviation then corrective actions are taken. Monitoring involves collection of data that can reflect upon project effectiveness and assessment of the risks based on that. This collection of information is a regular activities that is carried out in the form of questions and responses to them that are obtained from the project team. Risks have to be defined earlier and measured accordingly so that appropriate response can be evoked to get the desired objectives fulfilled. Risk management process is evaluated based on its designing, implementation and actual outcome achieved and lessons are obtained based on which recommendations can be given for improvement. A local analysis framework like an indicator matric can be used as a tool for monitoring and evaluation of project risk management. With this application, it can become easier for companies to analyse risks and take creative actions in order to avoid negative consequences.

Cost Control: The aim of the project manager is to always ensure that the project is completed within the allotted budget. The team should not be allowed to exceed it and thus, it is important to establish control over the costs of the project so that budget overrun situation can be avoided. Some strategies that can be used for controlling the costs of the house renovation project include –

• Cost estimation techniques must be used to forecast the cost needs of the project during planning such that the project manager would have a good understanding of cost that would be incurred and accordingly set the budget. For the house renovation project, this estimation can be done by determining cost of materials like paints, bricks, tiles, and fitting, the cost of equipment when used at the site for renovation and the labour costs for hiring workers like painters, electricians, cleaners, and construction workers (Jackline, 2015).
• Proper plan of the budget with identification of costs associated with each task on the project would ensure that every project task is allotted sufficient budget and project can be completed without escalating the costs. The plan would allow for monitoring of the project status against the plan in every stage of the project development such that project manager can take proactive steps to avoid any deviations (Jayaraman, 2014).

Schedule Management: The aim of the project manager is to always ensure that the project activities are carried out as per the schedule. The team should not exceed individual milestone dates and thus, it is important to establish control over the project activities so that delays can be avoided. Some strategies that can be used for managing the schedule of the house renovation project include (Bruce & Langdon, 2009) –

• A WBS with resources attached can be identified and plotted for the project allowing the team to keep monitoring project progress along the allotted timeline and see if there are any deviations in individual tasks. With task level monitoring, the project manager would be able to take proactive steps to prevent any major delays and in case of any deviations found in specific tasks, can take immediate corrective action steps (Baguley, 2008).
• Gantt chart can be prepared for the planed schedule and actual so that an easy comparison can be made between the two to identify if there are any delays or the project is ahead of the schedule. In case the deviations are found, the project manager must intervene in the project to find out what went wrong and take corrective action so that the delays do not reciprocate and affect the final date of the completion of the renovation project.
• Performance of the project can be measured along the milestones of the project to understand the deviations. A number of different tools can be used for this such as comparison bar charts, schedule change control systems, schedule performance index measurement, and so on (Vleems, 2018).
• Or establishing control over the project schedule, project manager can make use of resource optimization techniques such as resource levelling and resource smoothening. Resource levelling involves adjustments of finish dates of the project based on the project constrains. IT can change the critical path and would be useful in this project as it has limited resources available only for a limited time. Resource smoothening involves adjustment in the activities as per the schedule such that allocated resources are utilized over their limits. This approach would ensure that the completion date is not delayed. For the current project, the project manager would ensure that workers allotted each task do not work beyond their capacities (Australian Development Corporation, 2009).

Stakeholder Management: The project should be executed in a way that all stakeholders are kept satisfied sufficiently by ensuring that requirements are met and keeping them engaged in the project activities effectively. For the house renovation project, following strategies can be used to communicate with stakeholders to keep them engaged –

• A stakeholder identification and analysis of them with respect to the influence they have on the project and the level of interest they have in the project are determined. Based on these parameters, a project manager can decide the level of engagement that a stakeholder need. For instance, a stakeholder like Project Sponsor would have high influence on the project but only moderate interest and thus, the sponsor must be engaged with information given on major achievements of the project but he or she may not need to be involved in every day communication (Dell’Isola, 2015).
• A stakeholder communication plan may be developed based on different types of stakeholders and the project team can keep communicating with them according to this plan to ensure that they are sufficiently engaged. Major stakeholders for the house renovation project would be the house owners, neighbourhood, contract workers, project manager, and government (Burke, 2013).
• While gathering the requirements of the project, the project manager must take inputs from all the key stakeholders to ensure that all their needs are documented and are included as far as feasible in the project. For instance, house owners would be interested in the use of most durable material and most attractive while neighbourhood would be more interest in the containment of the noise while the renovation is going on so that they are least disturbed by the work. The government would be interest in the company to take all the necessary permits for the work ( Project Management Institute, 2016).

Communication Management: The aim of the project manager is to always ensure people working on the project are able to coordinate well so that project activities are completed smoothly. The team should adhere to project needs and remain cooperative to ensure high productivity to achieve objectives of the project. Some strategies that can be used for managing the project team working on the house renovation project include –

• A formal process of communication management can be used beginning with identification of stakeholders, planning communication processes to engage them, distribution information as needed to these stakeholders, managing their expectations while communicating with them, and reporting the performance of the project to them from time to time as per the project plan (Singh & Bhatia, 2002).
• Various tools can be used for communication and disbursal of information to project stakeholders depending on the stage of the project and the types of stakeholders. A project charter would be prepared by the project manager to present before the project sponsor for approval giving away the initial business case of the project that would justify its execution. A WBS is prepared to communicate with the team on what tasks have to be completed by them and who would be the specific workers responsible for them (PMI, 2016).

Scope Management: The aim of the project manager is to always ensure that the project activities go as per the defined scope of the project activities. The team should not exceed perform activities that are not in scope nor should skip those in scope and thus, it is important to establish control over the project activities are completed as planned without deviation. Some strategies that can be used for managing the project scope with minimum include (EC, 2005) –

• Scope management can follow formal steps beginning with identification of needs of the project, followed by understanding objectives, and planning its management that would involve defining scope, verifying it, and controlling it.
• The project scope plan document can be prepared containing details of the items that are in scope, tasks that are not in scope, the assumptions on which the project is based, and the constraints the project has. This would help the project team understand their limited related to the project so that the scope is never exceeded or the team varies from what is expected from them (Jayaraman, 2014)
• A number of tools can be used for establishing control over the identified scope. These include work performance measurements to check if the project is going as per the scope or if there are any variations and change management in which change requests are placed for any change in the project scope which is verified by the project manager who would only approve it if it is best for the project. This way, the project manager can control those changes in the project scope from happening that can affect the deliverables of the project (Millhollan, 2008).

PART 3: Why might Kevin lack motivation?

The company had hired a retired ex-lecturer for management of the house renovation project to work as the part of the team. However, he had been giving negative feedback to co-workers and have been aggressive in dealing with them. It seems the person lacks motivation to work on the project and has taken up the assignment only to get some funds in his pocket. Some theories related to motivation and project communicating can be used here to evaluate the situation so that right decision can be taken. These include following theories[MA9] :

Elton Mayo’s Hawthorne Experiments:  The Hawthorne Works that involved experiments conducted in Chicago for Western Electric Company between 1924 and 1932 had found that staff motivated by good working conditions show higher productivity. It was discovered that social interactions and working relationships can motivate employees. Other theories like  Maslow’s hierarchy of needs can help identify more needs that have to be focused when considering motivation in employees.

Maslow hierarchy of needs: As per this theory, the need for fulfilment of any human being progress through a number of stages of needs beginning with basic needs such that after one level of need is met, the next level of need is sought. These needs include physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, self-esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. Kevin may have the first two needs satisfied including the need for having survival income and the need for security at work[MA10] . However, he does not feel like he belongs to the team of workers as he has been a professor and never worked on the house construction project. Because of this lack of belonging, he is dissatisfied communicating with fellow workers and is dealing with them as if he is superior considering his prior experience as a professor. As per this model, the professor would not get satisfaction from the current work considering his social needs unless the people working were from the same type of work or level of intelligence which is not possible in the case (Burke & Barron, 2014).

Herzberg’s two factor theory: This theory identifies the factors that motivate a person and these include hygiene factors like salary, culture, and relationships at work and motivators that include recognition, growth, responsibility, and accomplishment. Cindering the case of Kevin, the person may get some of the motivational factors correct here including salary and responsibility but other important factors like culture, relationships, growth recognition, and accomplishment are lacking which is why it can be said that the person lacks the desired level of motivation while working on the current project of house renovation (Burke & Barron, 2014).

McClelland Achievement Need Theory: As per this theory, any person at work may have three key needs to fulfil to remain motivated and these include need for achievement, affiliation, and power. Kevin is trying to take the ownership of the project to get his achievement need satisfaction. However, he lacks in the area of affiliation as he does not feel like he belongs to community of workers. Also, he has the need for power which was his experience as a professor earlier and want to be on the position where he sends command to others in the team. Howeveer, the proejct does not allow him to be the commander but only the part of the team. Thus, Kevin is unable to satisfy his key needs with the current project which is suffering the project (Singh, 2005).

Considering the factors identified above it can be clearly said that Mr. Kevin lacks sufficient motivation to work on the current project and thus, the decision to remove him from the project would be correct as he would never be able[MA11]  to work with the team assuming the team spirit and would continue to point our flaws and cause inconvenience to other workers. The[MA12]  skills available with other workers is more valuable for the project than that skills needed from the professor[MA13] . The[MA14]  management skill that is required form the professor is not playing a good role[MA15]  here because of the lack of motivation and thus, Kevin may be removed from the project (Jackline, 2015). [MA16] 

It is also important to understand here how such situations can be tackled better by motivating staff. [MA17]  Communication is important for staff motivation as suggested by a survey included in the book “Project Management” written by Harold Kerzner that says that best leadership techniques are human relations-oriented and authority-oriented.

A project leader plays the role of a catalyst in implementation of a project and thus, is essential to its success. A leade should practice clear communication and take care of different needs of horizontal line and vertical communication that happens with peers and with subordinates respectively by encouraging feedback from them. A leader must be effective in communication, planning, organizing, budgeting, negotiating, motivating, and team management.

All the members working on a project must focus on a common goal if the project has to fulfil its objectives and thus, they have to remain motivated and satisfied from their jobs. The leader has to ensure inspiration in them and push them to put maximum efforts to work. Motivation can be achieved by providing the team sense of job satisfaction and fulfilment. A participatory management style can be useful as it involves consulting staff which helps them feel belonging and having understood. A staff that feels involves and responsible for a job would be motivated by training, incentives and awards. This motivation would help build trust in the leader and the staff would be able to work coordinated on a common vision. Mr. Kevin can thus be motivated by providing training and motivation to work.

Conclusion

This assignment had three parts associated with the case of a house renovation project. They included project management plan, risk management plan, and an analysis of communication conflict on project. The project management plan presented WBS, critical path, and a feasibility analysis that justifies the selection of the project. The risk management identified risks related to cost, communication, schedule, and stakeholders, analysed them and suggested response plans. The last part of this report explored the case of a project member who is unable to cope up with the team and is suggested for removal. Communication theories were explored and the right course of action was identified for management which was to release Mr. Kevin because of lack of motivation factors.

References

Australian Development Corporation, 2009. Guidelines for Project and Programme Evaluations, s.l.: Australian Development Corporation.

Baguley, P., 2008. Project management. London: Hodder Education.

Bruce, A. & Langdon, K., 2009. Project management. London: Dorling Kindersley..

Burke, R. & Barron, S., 2014. Project Management Leadership: Building Creative Teams. S.l.:John Wiley & Sons.

Burke, R., 2013. Project Management: Planning and Control Techniques. S.l.:John Wiley & Sons.

C.R, K. & Thomas, S. M., 2011. Requirement Gathering for small Projects using Agile Methods. IJCA, pp. 122-128.

Dell’Isola, M. D., 2015. Strategies For Budgeting, Estimating and Managing Projects, s.l.: Faithful Gould.

Devi, T. & Reddy, V., 2012. Work Breakdown Structure of the Project. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications , pp. 683-686.

EC, 2005. Understanding and Monitoring the Cost-Determining Factors of Infrastructure Projects, s.l.: EC.

EFFO, 2009. Serving the Community Through Successful Project Delivery: A User Guide to Post Implementation Reviews , s.l.: EFFO.

Galway, L., 2004. Quantitative Risk Analysis for Project Management, s.l.: Rand Corporation.

Heerkens, G., 2015. Project management. USA: Mcgraw-Hill Education..

Jackline, 2015. Different Motivation Theories To Manage Project Team Efficiently. [Online]
Available at: https://www.whizlabs.com/blog/different-motivation-theories-to-manage-project-team-efficiently/

Jayaraman, R., 2014. Project cost control: a new method to plan and control costs in large projects. BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT JOURNAL, pp. 1247-1268.

Khan, P. M. & Beg, M. S., 2012. Measuring Cost of Quality (coq) on SDLC Projects is Indispensible for Effective Software Quality Assurance. International Journal of Soft Computing And Software Engineering (JSCSE), pp. 1-15.

Millhollan, C., 2008. Scope change control: control your projects or your projects will control you!, s.l.: PMI.

Project Management Institute, 2016. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge. S.l.: Project Management Institute.

PMI, 2016. Project Communications Management. S.l.:PMI.

Ponnappa, G., 2014. Project Stakeholder Management.. Project Management Journal, pp. 1-3.

Sabyasachi, 2018. The Importance of Having Clearly Defined Acceptance Criteria in Your Projects, s.l.: Simplilearn.

SAEO, 2015. Cost Estimating Manual for Projects , s.l.: SAEO.

Singh, N., 2005. Motivation : Theories and Practical Applications. S.l.:Deep Publications.

Singh, N. & Bhatia, S., 2002. Principles and Techniques of Personnel Management/HRM. S.l.:Deep Publications.

Smith, A., 2014. Requirements Management: a Core Competency for Project And Program Success, s.l.: PMI.

Vleems, M., 2018. Measuring project performance: a method of project comparison, s.l.: Open University of the Netherlands.

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 [MA1]WHERE IS THE INTRODUCTION??? EVERY ASSIGNMENT NEEDS AN INTRODUCTION AND CONCLUSION. BOTH ARE MISSING HERE.

 [MA2]Please provide a few sentences regarding the marked critical path about its impportance and meaning!

 [MA3]Can you be please provide more information for this part. At the end how realistic is it if you only have 2 workers to complete the project in 6 weeks. You do not have a proper answer for that. Is it realistic not realistic is it worth it, if not why not..be more specific and more detail-orientated!

 [MOU4]

 [MA5]This table is an ‘’ok’’ start but you need to add the following:

ALSO HAVE 6-7 RISKS RELEVANT TO THIS PROJECT AND NOT ONLY 5.

1.  [MA6]Can you make clear where the answer for the following qestion is

“Discuss how you would derive a risk score for each of these risks explaining what evidence you could access to support you calculation of impact and probability”.

I cannot see the discussion part for this question.

 [MA7]Please also add the following in the response plan that can make this part much more informative  (you need to use this information, add it in the table and provide the matching content for the following responses; the following expression are needed in this part):

There are five types of responses for managing risk :

• Risk acceptance: Risk acceptance translates into accepting the risk in a framework of organizational perspectives and direction, in the context of which the risk can be accepted when complying with these perspectives and directions.
• Risk avoidance: Using information technologies for instance or other means to change the nature of the risk and as such avoid any negative impact it may have.
• Risk mitigation: consists in using and applying mitigations to reduce information security risks threatening assets or individuals.  
• Risk sharing and transfer: consists in lessening the risk by sharing/transferring the consequence of the risk either internally or with external organizations. 

(now you need to find the matching content for it)

 [MA8]You can also add the following:

Monitoring and control takes place through the review of all operational activities and outcomes, with an analysis of actual costs and results. The risks which had been identified must be reviewed, their impact must be compared to what their consequences were originally expected to be, and corrective actions must be implemented in the activities undertaken to counter negative risk and manage risk.

The monitoring of a risk management action comprises collecting information to determine the effectiveness of a project and to see whether the risk was assessed correctly. The activity of monitoring, after having gathered the information on a regular basis, consists in asking and finding responses to the questions of whether the project is performing according to plan, whether there has been any deviation from original plans and forecasts, and whether the expected results are being achieved. All of this will take into consideration the risks that had been defined, measured and ranked and the action and risk management strategy put into place to influence the impact and reach the desired objectives of the organization.

The evaluation of the risk management action consists in providing an objective assessment of the action taken including its design, implementation and outcome. In other words, the evaluation can be effected next to the monitoring activity, and emphasizes accountability and drawing lessons learnt in order to lead to recommendations for improvement of future risk management activities.

In the context of its monitoring and controlling risks efforts, it is advisable for the business to use its general monitoring and evaluation system, which can be a causal analysis framework, a logical framework, an indicator matrix, and a data collection and analysis plan. In any case, the point is to use the current tools used for the monitoring and evaluation of the project with an additional linkage and analysis with the relationship between the risks, their impacts and the results obtained. With this analysis, management will see whether the risk management related action taken was beneficial or not, and if any corrective measure needs to be taken. The monitoring and controlling action pertaining to risk management is therefore very important as it will allow redirecting the course of action taken and avoiding  any unwanted or negative consequences on the organization.

BUT PLEASE USE YOUR OWN WORDS AND DO NOT COPY THIS VERSION. THIS SHOULD HELP YOU TO PROVIDE MORE CONTENT THAT GOES INTO THIS CONTENT DIRECTION AS THESE TYPE OF INFORMATION IS NEEDED IN THIS PART. THIS IS THE THEORETICAL PART AND YOU NEEED TO FIND THE MATCHING EXAMPLES.

 [MA9]A bit too long as most  information is already given in the assignemnt description!

 [MA10]I do not understand this sentence. Please re-write it and make it understanable.

 [MA11]‘as he would never be able’’ is a very strong expression, please reqrite this sentence as this is too negative ‘’as it can be very hard for him to….’’ Somethin like this maybe…

 [MA12]YoU need to suggest ways in which Kevin may be motivated; provide theories and examples that present ways thazt show that there are ways for him to get motivated!!!!This is a crucial part in Part 3.

 [MA13]Ways that Kevin may be motivated can be the following:

The leader plays an essential role in project management as he/she is the catalyst of the efforts of the organization to ensure an efficient design and implementation of the project and to reach the objectives of the project. Thus the leader of the project is essential for the success of the project.

Leadership skills in project management are vital, and this implies that the leader when managing a project has to display effective skills such in the field of communication, organization and planning, budgeting, conflict management, negotiating, team building and motivating

We also indicated earlier that the team is a key player in the project as the employees working towards a common goal of success for the project are the ones who are implementing the project. As such employees are the resources allowing the organization to reach its objectives, and in order to give the best of themselves, they must be motivated and have high level of job satisfaction.

The role of the leader is to ensure that this task is accomplished and that staff are inspired, trust their leader and are putting maximum effort into their work. Motivated staff lead to the success of the company as their productivity will increase as a result of higher motivation.

Elton Mayo’s Hawthorne Experiments in The Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company in Chicago from 1924 to 1932 revealed an increase in productivity when staff were motivated through better working conditions. In addition, the Hawthorne Experiments demonstrated that motivation can be increased when working relationships and social interaction are impro Other motivation theories such as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs will help the leader understand the needs of the employees of the organization and where focus needs to be put in order to motivate employees. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs describes what motivates people in the form of a pyramid with the most basic needs at the bottom of the pyramid. Needs are thus ranked from bottom to top in the following order: Physiological, Safety, Love/Belonging, Esteem and Self-Actualization.  ved.

 [MA14]Also you add how Kevin can be lead in the most efficient manner: For example: In his book entitled “Project Management”, Harold Kerzner indicates that there have been several surveys to determine what type of leadership techniques are best. The main findings concluded that the best leadership techniques are human relations-oriented leadership and formal authority-oriented.

As such, the best leadership style is when there is a clear line of authority between the leader and his/her subordinates and boundaries are clearly set. There is however, in addition to a clear line of authority, a focus on the employees and on motivation. This is because the employees are the driving force implementing the activities of the organization, and in the context of project management, the project staff is implementing the project activities and producing the results of the project.

 [MA15]is not playing a good role? This is not a  ood experission..pleae change this sentence.

 [MA16]The power point presentation I proived you can help you to give you more content for this part as it makes 34% of my assignment. The last 2paes of the power point “classical models of change” and “motivationa dn objectives” gives you more information for this part. Please take a look at the power point presentation I have provided you at the beginning and add some content to this part as it was not finished yet.

 [MA17]Add this information regarding how Kevin can be motivated: Project staff can be motivated by the sense of self-fulfilment and job satisfaction the leader can help achieve. In addition, a participatory style of management, where staff is consulted and listened to will be motivating as it will bring to project staff a sense of belonging and of being heard and understood. Project staff will then feel involved and responsible if there are any short-fallings or in case of failure. In addition to job satisfaction, project staff can be motivated by being provided with adequate training, and also incentives and awards. Motivation will then develop with trust in the leadership into place and a shared goal and vision for the project.

Communication plays an important role in the process of staff motivation. The leader should put efforts into a clear communication and in additional the leader should also promote a horizontal line of communication between various components or units, as well as a vertical communication between the leader and his/her subordinates, encouraging feedback and listening to suggestions including from bottom to top.