Health Management Essay writing Help Online : OHS essay help of Importance of Construction organization – Risk assessment and OHS Management system
ASSESSMENT Question??
Importance of a Construction Organization Developing and Maintaining A Working and Effective OHS Management System
Solution proposed:
OHS in construction and building organization is very vital as this industry is always at very high risk and numerous people get injured or suffer from fatal injuries due to hazards in their workplace. The construction sector being a very profitable sector more firms are entering and they skip very simple points of concern like personnel safety at the workplace as they are more concerned about attracting more investors (Cole, 2003). However the constructions companies do not understand that Occupational Health and Safety Manual is a vital part as workers are the heart of the operations. It might produce dire consequences in future if a worker gets injured due to lack of OHS. The physical nature of the construction process portrays a distinguished image the industry and poses serious safety challenges (Petrovic-Lazarevic and Djordjevic, 2002).
Large building and construction projects are found to be dangerous inherently and fatal falls have been reported as the major hazard (LArsson and Field, 2002). Globalisation in the market has increased the need for the Australian construction companies to be competitive on the international arena too (El-Higzi, 2002). Through effective implementation of working and effectual OHS measures the construction industry companies depict a positive influence on the competitiveness. This happens because the time-related as well as the financial costs are being reduced which are associated with occupational hazards.
Small and medium construction organizations show ineffectiveness and inefficiency due to avoidance of OHS measures (Weil, 2001).
Some of the important advantages which have been cited by researchers for developing and maintaining a working and effective OHS Management System in a construction organization is:
- Reduced Risk of Legal Cases: In the construction markets to operate legally OHS complaint policies have become compulsory, which the corporation has to observe and if it doesn’t then the business project will become illegal.
- Important workplace behaviour: It helps in making the workers feel safe in the work environment and helps in avoiding casualties.
- Enhances personnel performance and productivity: Using an OHS management system for each and every construction project gives workers clear regulations regarding safe operations of machinery which reduces uncertainty at the work site and saves time and energy too.
- Greater financial yields: With the help of OHS compliance and enhanced productivity a construction company can easily win bids from the customers thus enhancing its financial productivity too (Harper, 2012).
Moreover there are many other benefits attached with supply chain wide Voluntary Code of Practice (VCP) like reduction in incidents related to construction and deaths as with the help of OHS in construction industry full integrated supply chins will be potentially viable (Ryan, Charles and Hampson, 2006) . This factors is considered to be very important because 80% of contract expenditure in OECD nations which is related to subcontracting (Packham, Thomas and Miller, 2001) and since more rapid harmonization will be promoted between the constituents of the project the time which is lost in adjusting to the new work conditions will be reduced to a great extent (Stewart et al., 2003). It has been found that great amount of integration in supply chain will lead to on-time completion of projects, with lesser re-work and in satisfactory manner (Engineers Australia, 2005).
RISK ASSESSMENT
Risk assessment is the whole process of estimating the potential impact hazards of demolition project will have on the equipments and people. First we need to find out the likelihood of risk to analyse the risk. And then combine it with consequences.
The potential hazards or risk associated with this Demolition plan are:
- Falling from height at same level
- Falling debris
- Premature collapse of building as it is very old built in 1930’s
- Dust and Fumes
- Silting of drainage system by dust
- Problems arising from fuel oils drums which contained oil and created oil stains in area
- Oily and pungent smell in area
- Children in childcare centre playing outside
- Damage to the primary school or childcare centre building
- Kids playing in the school or childcare centre.
- Risk to the pet dogs in the neighbourhood
- Fencing in dilapidated and ready to fall around boundary
- Presence of asbestos and other hazardous substances
- Noise and vibration from heavy machinery and equipments
- Electric Shock
- Pneumatic drills and power tools
- Existence of various services like electricity, gas, telephone and water
- Two large tress in the front nature strip might over turn
- Vehicle over turning in the parking in the milk bar
Likelihood and Consequences
The risk assessment for demolition project are shown in the table 1 below and the risk rating is being measured in terms of consequence (severity) and likelihood ( probability) of the event occurring. The consequences are categorised below in table 1:
| Consequences | Explanation | Demolition Project Examples |
| VERY HIGH | Project might get terminated due to heavy financial losses- person is severely injured due to permanent disability | The next door childcare building collapses due to improper support structure |
| HIGH | Major financial loss like injuries sustained which need long recovery time and immediate hospitalization | Section of building demolished collapsed and damages cars parked in dairy, disrupts traffic and leads to power failure |
| MEDIUM | Some amount of financial Loss- the injury needs just first aid and can be recovered quickly | Since the site has no proper access area worker might get knocked over by truck as they come outside the demolished site |
| LOW | Small financial loss | Grazed or broken knee or arm due to slippage on oil patches in garage area |
| NEGLIGIBLE | Minor financial loss- no first aid needed and is able to work immediately | Bruises on arm or body due to either tripping over oil stains or rubbish on-site |
The likelihood or the probability of every impact or hazard happening is being rated as per the following quantitative measures:
| LEVEL | DESCRIPTOR | DESCRIPTION |
| A | Almost Certain | Is expected to happen in almost all circumstances |
| B | Likely | Probably might occur in most circumstances |
| C | Possible | Might Happen |
| D | Unlikely | Might happen but not expected |
| E | Rare | Chances of occurrence in exceptional circumstances only |
Determination of Risk Level
| Likelihood | CONSEQUENCES | ||||
| Negligible | Low | Medium | High | Very High | |
| A ( Almost Certain) | M | M | H | H | E |
| B( Likely) | L | M | H | H | H |
| C( Possible) | L | M | M | H | H |
| D (Unlikely) | L | L | M | H | H |
| E ( Rare) | L | L | L | M | M |
The risks have been prioritised as:
| Risk ranking | Symbol | Description |
| Extreme Risk | E | Site must stop work, immediate action needed |
| High Risk | H | Work must be carried under senior managements supervision |
| Moderate Risk | M | Staff should be aware of risk and raising the level of awareness regarding risk is needed |
| Low Risk | L | Staff using safe operating procedures should manage routine procedures |
| Process | Impact | Consequence | Likelihood | Potential Risk | Control |
| Falling from height at same level | Minor injuries | Low | Unlikely | Low | Training the workers |
| Falling debris
|
Minor injuries | Low | Unlikely | Low | Training the workers and putting demolition signs around |
| Premature collapse of building | Heavy injuries and financial loss | Very High | Rare | Medium | Check the status of building prior to demolition |
| Dust and Fumes | Health impacts/Deposition in neighbourhood properties | Medium | Likely | High | Dust suppression technique to be used |
| Problems arising from two oils drums | Slippage or fire on the site | High | Possible | High | Oil stains to be cleaned beforehand |
| Children in childcare centre playing outside | Health risk or injury to children | High | Unlikely | High | Intimation to childcare beforehand |
| Damage to the primary school or childcare centre building
|
Health hazards and property damage | Very High | Unlikely | High | Informing the primary school and childcare to vacate building beforehand |
| Kids playing in the school or childcare centre | Injuries to kids | High | Rare | Medium | Intimation to childcare beforehand |
| Risk to the pet dogs in the neighbourhood
|
Injury to animals | Medium | Unlikely | Medium | Inform the owners prior to demolition so that dogs are kept safe |
| Fencing in dilapidated | Might fall in neighbouring property | Low | Possible | Medium | As fencing already about to fall should be removed earlier |
| Noise and vibration from heavy machinery and equipments | Noise pollution on/off site | Medium | Possible | Medium | Machinery to be silenced and regular maintenance of machinery and transportation trucks |
| Electric Shock | Health hazard | High | Possible | High | Proper maintenance of electrical machines and wirings |
| Pneumatic drills and power tools | Health impact | High | Possible | High | Maintenance of tools and training to use them |
| Existence of various services like electricity, gas, telephone and water | Services might get disrupted | High | Unlikely | High | The backup services should be kept ready and restored after demolition |
| Two large tress in the front nature strip might over turn | Trees might over turn on vehicles nearby | High | Possible | High | Trees should be cut prior or all the area around them should be cleared |
| Vehicle over turning in the parking in the milk bar | Damage to vehicles | High | Possible | High | Vehicles to be removed from parking area prior to demolition |
OHS Plan for Demolition Project
PROJECT BACKGROUND
Demolition of House for construction of Block of four units
Name of Client:
Location of Project: Single storey building in suburban area
Timescale for Completion of Project:
EXISTING Environment
The house was built in 1930’s and in late 1950’s cement sheeting was done along with addition of garage and shed using cement.
Surrounding land Uses and Related Restrictions
One side Childcare centre
Rear of property is primary school
Other side two-storey residence with a family of two adults, two teenage children and two dogs
Existing Services
Telephone, electricity, gas and water
Existing Structures
Fence along boundary is ready to fall and very dilapidated
Front nature slip has two huge trees and fire hydrant
Milk bar on opposite side of street with five cars to park
Pre-Start Phase
Contractor must submit approval by Project manager, a Project Management Plan and Risk Assessment and Risk Control Plan along with Site Specific Safety plan
Tools and Equipments to be used
- Backhoe loader
- Bars ( crow and pinch)
- Bolt cutters
- Sledge hammers
- Spanners and wrenches
- Chisels
- Hacksaws and handsaws
- Hammers
- Wheelbarrows
- Signs and barricades
- Water hoses and attachments
- Bobcat
- Pliers
- Picks and mattocks
- Power drills and saws
- Pneumatic tools
- Concrete saws
- Angle grinders
- Compressors
- Electronic testers
- Shovels. Spades , brooms
- Scaffolds and elevated platforms
Planning and preparation
- Work instructions, security, OHS plan, environmental plan, Safety plans, and quality requirements to be specified.
- Operational details to be identified and applied with correct information
- Signage and barricades to be placed around the demolition site and across the milk bar
- Tools, plan and equipments to be selected and checked and faults to be rectified.
- Environmental plans to be followed
Demolition Methods
Using manual labour the structural and non-structural elements will be removed then using other machinery like bobcat and excavators will be used. This will be done after proper permission from authorities ha been taken and proper survey of surrounding areas has been done.
Removing Materials from site
Materials handling done through mechanical plant including excavators and bobcats and loaded into trucks to be taken to offsite to an approved waste facility or recycling centre. Hazardous materials will be treated separately. After hazardous material inspection a report will be issued by accredited consultant. Final clearance report to be given by hygienist (Preliminary Demolition Plan: EAStwood Centre Redevelopment, 2007).
Following documentation to be prepared by contractor before excavation:
- Dilapidation Survey
- Construction Waste management Plan
- Demolition management plan
- Excavation Management Plan
Cleaning up of the site
Work area is cleaned and materials are disposed off or recycled as per the codes of Practice or job specifics.
Plants, equipments and tools are cleaned and checked and maintenance is done before storage.
REPORT for SENIOR MANGEMENT
This Demolition Plan is for the single-storey building which is located in suburban area. The Project Manager has eth responsibility of carrying out the demolition work following all the OHS safety measures. Therefore the project manager holds the the primary duty under the WHS Act to so that the workers and the other persons do not get exposed health and safety risks which arise form the demolition.
Details of hazard and risk assessments
The potential hazards or risk associated with this Demolition plan are:
- Falling from height at same level
- Falling debris
- Premature collapse of building as it is very old built in 1930’s
- Dust and Fumes
- Silting of drainage system by dust
- Problems arising from fuel oils drums which contained oil and created oil stains in area
- Oily and pungent smell in area
- Children in childcare centre playing outside
- Damage to the primary school or childcare centre building
- Kids playing in the school or childcare centre.
- Risk to the pet dogs in the neighbourhood
- Fencing in dilapidated and ready to fall around boundary
- Presence of asbestos and other hazardous substances
- Noise and vibration from heavy machinery and equipments
- Electric Shock
- Pneumatic drills and power tools
- Existence of various services like electricity, gas, telephone and water
- Two large tress in the front nature strip might over turn
- Vehicle over turning in the parking in the milk bar
Risk Assessment:
| Process | Consequence | Likelihood | Potential Risk | Control |
| Falling from height at same level | Low | Unlikely | Low | Training the workers |
| Falling debris
|
Low | Unlikely | Low | Training the workers and putting demolition signs around |
| Premature collapse of building | Very High | Rare | Medium | Check the status of building prior to demolition |
| Dust and Fumes | Medium | Likely | High | Dust suppression technique to be used |
| Problems arising from two oils drums | High | Possible | High | Oil stains to be cleaned beforehand |
| Children in childcare centre playing outside | High | Unlikely | High | Intimation to childcare beforehand |
| Damage to the primary school or childcare centre building
|
Very High | Unlikely | High | Informing the primary school and childcare to vacate building beforehand |
| Kids playing in the school or childcare centre | High | Rare | Medium | Intimation to childcare beforehand |
| Risk to the pet dogs in the neighbourhood
|
Medium | Unlikely | Medium | Inform the owners prior to demolition so that dogs are kept safe |
| Fencing in dilapidated | Low | Possible | Medium | As fencing already about to fall should be removed earlier |
| Noise and vibration from heavy machinery and equipments | Medium | Possible | Medium | Machinery to be silenced and regular maintenance of machinery and transportation trucks |
| Electric Shock | High | Possible | High | Proper maintenance of electrical machines and wirings |
| Pneumatic drills and power tools | High | Possible | High | Maintenance of tools and training to use them |
| Existence of various services like electricity, gas, telephone and water | High | Unlikely | High | The backup services should be kept ready and restored after demolition |
| Two large tress in the front nature strip might over turn | High | Possible | High | Trees should be cut prior or all they are around them should be cleared |
| Vehicle over turning in the parking in the milk bar | High | Possible | High | Vehicles to be removed from parking area prior to demolition |
Control measures to be implemented
Risk can be minimised through:
– Substitution
– Isolation
– Engineering
– Administrative Controls
– Personal protective equipments
List of stakeholders and responsibilities including line of communication
| Stakeholders
|
Line of Communication | Responsibilities |
| Contractor | Contact project Manager | To ensure OHS plan is implemented properly |
| Project manager | Train and convey workers in proper manner, Inform people in neighbourhood about Demolition | Develop Demolition plan which conforms OHS standards |
| Workers | Learn training manuals and follow properly | Carry out demolition following all the standard practices |
| People in neighbourhood | Signage and hoardings | Stay away and follow precautionary measures as suggested by Project manager |
| Kids in primary school and childcare centre | Signage and hoarding and official intimation letter about demolition | Make the kids not to come to school or childcare centre for the days when demolition is continued. |
Induction program and trainings needed by workers on site
Training related to excavation work and to the site should be given to the workers which includes:
- Nature of risk and hazards
- Site emergency procedures
- Methods of carrying out work in safe manner
- Teaching them about contents of Safe Works Management System (Code of Practice Demolition Work, 2011)
Other detailed information regarding management of OHS on demolition site
The control measures should be reviewed in regular manner to confirm that they are effective. It can be done through:
- Consultation
- Workplace inspection
- Testing and analysis of data and records (Code of Practice Demolition Work, 2011)
Evaluation of effectiveness of plan strengths and weaknesses of plan
The plan is quite good and the strengths like:
- Follows all the OHS measures and has a proper Demolition Plan
- Properly trained workers
- Safety plan in place for workers
- Proper intimation of demolition to neighbourhood areas
Weaknesses
- The plan of demolition does not have any review and analysis plan.
- The OHS plan should be reviewed regularly and changes should be made
- Workplace inspection should be done regularly by project manager
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