Environment help on: water pollution and its effects on human

1 Introduction

• ·Topic:My research project is water pollution and its effects on humans. As we already know that water pollution is one of the most crucial problem that is leading to further envioronmental issues the world is facing in current era. Contamination of water bodies on large scale from land not only harms the marine life, but also the human beings. Whole eco-system is affected vastly due to this acute problem. And the lack of awareness and alertness also worsens the situation. Although recent trends have shown some attention given towards the preservation of the water resources on the surface of the earth, still the damage caused throughout the years is severe and rather crucial to be eliminated from the core. Therefore, there is always need of proper awareness with continous efforts toward the cause.

• · Aim:

Water pollution is one of the most important problems we are facing globally. This needs despirate evaluation of policies related to water resources by all means. Water pollution is the leading worldwide phenomenon responsible for various diseases and deaths. Everyday water pollution directly or indirectly leads to deaths of over 15,000 people. If we look at researches, around 7500 million Indian population have poor to no access to a proper sanitory, and everyday 1,500 Indian children die due to diarrheal sickness. Around 92% of cities in China go through severe water pollution crisis, and around 600 million of people do not have proper access to the hygenic drinking water. Its not just developing countries, even countries which are developed go through the similer problems of water pollution. In a recent published journal report on the quality of water in the various States of America, 44 percentage of evaluated streams, 46 percentage of evaluated lakes, and 34 percentage of bay and coastal regions were segmented to be polluted (Goudie, A., 2006)

Water bodies are considered to be polluted whenever they are comprised of harmfull substances which can not be used by humans for injestion. Various natural phenomenon for example volcanoes, earthquakes, and storms, also play role in major changes in the quality of water and its ecological status (Ostopowich, M., 2010).

• · Segmentation:

In this research projet, we will come across various aspacts related to the water pollution. First we will understand the whole concept of the water polluton, then we will discuss its harmfull effects on human beings. We will put a light on why and how water pollution has become one of the most important crisis in the world, and what are the factors which aggrivate it. We will briefly discuss about the methods of studying the samples of polluted water and the outcome we may come across. We will also focus on the ways through which we can control and correct water pollution. Different alternative disposal techniques will also be taken into consideration (Miller, T., 2003)

2 Proposal:

Even though human species survival depends on water, humans can be considered as one of the major contributors in water pollution by acts like dumping in sea, industrial waste, mining, etc. These are a few factors which may not look big, however play huge role in water pollution. Prior examining the various faulty ways of humans which contributes in water pollution, It is very important to have an idea about the classification of water pollution.   There are two saperate and distinct groups found based on sources. These groups are point sources, and non-point sources. The examples of point sources can be  sewer lines, mines, wells of oil, agricultural products, and factory byproducts. These are few sources that dispose the waste products at specific places by the means of drainage pipes or sewege lines into open bodies. Point sources are followed to perticular locations of disposal, where on the other hand, its not possile to trace non-point sources. Its very hard to controll sources, which are Non-point in nature, for example traffic pollution and groundwater pollutents which emerge into the other bodies of water (Goel, P., 2006).

The marine transport sector contributes in a huge amount to water pollution. Now a days, ships can carry near around 6,000 passengers, even where some ships have much more capacities. These ships carry majority of the waste that is disposed into the sea. These ships on the general basis are capable of generating almost 11 million gallons of water is wasted daily. Each year, such ships have had been evaluated to dispose waste of at least 1.7 million metric tons. They can also e called as floating cities. These floating cities in the end adds in major amount of the waste materiam found in sea (Goel, P., 2006).

3 Research Development3.1 Cause

One of the the Major pollutants leading to water pollution may essentially include a wide spectral variety of microbes and chemicals. Various Physical changes like heat also adds to the phenomeenon like discoloration. A lot of chemicals and substances contain abundant of natural substances like manganese, calcium, sodium, and Iron, etc (Livingston, J., 2005). The proportion and concentration of such chemicals and substances often plays role in the determination of the contaminants of water. If these components are in high concentration, it will lead to the negative effects on the marine flora, fishes and finally humans then they ingest it (Gangolli, S., 1999).

Substances depleting in oxygen may be comprised of natural things, such as grass, leaves, and few chemicals which are man-made. Many other natural and pathogenic substances can cause cloudiness which leads to blocking of the light leading to disruption of normal marinal plant growth. They also blocks the gills of some fishes.

Majority of the chemicals found in water are non biodegradable in nature. Various microbes are present in polluted water, and they can lead to various waterborne diseases in either human and animals. There are various factors which changes the physical chemistry of water, for example change in pH, temperature, eutrophication, electrical conductivity, etc. Chemical concentration increases to a dangerous level affecting the ecosystem is termed as eutrophication. Now according to the extent of eutrophication, there exists its bad effects on the envirnment for example oxygen depletion and tremendous decrease in the quality of water. These factors affects fish and other animals (Al Azab, M, 2010).

3.2 Pathogens:

When various samples from random contaminated water sources were collected and studied, vast observations in terms of pathogens were noticed. The bacterial indicator used of water pollution is Coliform bacteria, however it is not an real cause of diseases. Various pathogens often found in water surfaces causing problems to health. They are:

• Giardia lamblia.
• Crypyosporidium parvum.
• Novovirus and other viruses. (Edgraw, R. ,2001)
• Salmonella.

            Some organic pollutants of water include:

• By-products found in disinfected water, for example chloroform.
• Detergents
• Waste including fats, grease and oxygen-demanding substances.
• Petrolium hydrocarbons, such as fuels, lubricants,  fuel combustion byproducts, and stormwater runoff.
• Herbicides and insecticides.
• Debries from tree and bush.
• Organic compounds which are volatile in nature, such as industrial solvents.
• Chlorinated solvents. Examples are
  • Trichloroethylene
  • Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs)
  • Perchlorate
  • Chemical compounds found in cosmetic products and personal hygiene. (Vigil, K., 2007)

  Some inorganic water pollutants include:

• Industrial by-products such as Chemical waste.
• Sulfur dioxide from power plants.
• Heavy metals coming from motor vehicles.
• Chemical fertilizers which contains phosphates and nitrates.
• Ammonia from waste of food processing.

Discussion

As we have discussed, water pollution is a big problem human race is facing now a days. Strong measures needs to be taken to control this crisis such as, industrial waste should not be dumped in water or else it should be treated before dumping. Government should make laws such as paying fine for dumping the waste without treatment. For disposal of chemicals and pesticides, the general population has to be educated to dig and burry waste materials which are chemical in nature in the grounds. Small steps have to be taken like using detergents with low phosphate level, disposal of paper waste in trash bins rather than draining them. Controlled use of pesticides can be done by exchanging it with manure made up of animal waste.

ConclusionIn this assignment, we have discussed about water pollution in a very discriptive manner. We have seen how human race is indulged in the worldwide crisis of water pollution, and acquired its harmfull effects. We discussed about the effects of water pollution on human health. A list of major harmfull agents in both organic as well as inorganic is included. Finally, we came across the measures which can be taken to prevent water population. The zest of the whole discussion would be, if we want to save the society from water pollution, whole population needs to be aware and contribute for the cause.

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