English Assignment help on : Dualist theory
The dualist theory given by Plato is the opposite of monism, in this theory he elaborates the fact that the reality is divided into the two parts, where the first part is the sensible and the seen world of the change: like the human beings, the trees, the skin, the weather, the ways of nature etc. The concept of reality by Plato meant that the world is just like the way it appears to the onlookers, and so the appearance is the sole identification of what one sees around. The second part is that of the second world, which does not change at all and it is something which is not seen, it is eternal in itself and stays beyond the boundaries of time and space. Plato reflected upon the two possible ideas that could be present together though paradoxically, they are the two ideas which talk about reality that is the reality finally one substance? Or the reality could be many things? Therefore he attempts to put forward a balanced idea that reality is present in the two separate worlds. The first is the visible world that is seen this world of reality exists below the main line or can be called below the divided line in the form of the physical objects (Broadie, S. (2001)). These objects of the physical world are dynamic in nature and therefore they always see changes among them. A human being examines the visible world with the empirical analysis of the things around us by using our sensing power like the touch, seeing, tasting. This is what Plato explains through his dualistic theory of reality.
The theory of non-dualism as brought by Shankara is the one that define the existence as singular; it is the one and the prime reality of life. Where the universe is unified and there is no differentiation in anything or anybody. It is only a pure intellect and the following intelligence which is the sole truth in reality. According to his philosophy in life, any matter present which about the existing subjects, the knowledge, the distinctions which one find from one to another is merely illusionary in nature and in turn it creates the delusion for the human civilisation. The pure being of the universe, which he calls as Brahman is the only sole thing (Nicholson, A. (2007)). It is one’s own consciousness that defines the reality and it is devoid of the distinction and the difference. The theory of non-dualism is such which disintegrates any kind of the relationship between the sufferer and his experience of suffering, it destroys and relationship or any potential relationship between the person who has some desires and also the physical object that is desired. With the acquiring of this philosophy one experiences that the salvation or what is known as the final release from the terrible suffering in life becomes impossible and this is against the dualistic view of the other philosophers like Plato.
Plato’s theory of the forms contains three analogies which further also explain the role of the Good in the same; the three analogies are the sun, the line and the cave. These are the three analogies according to him which differentiate the ideas of the knowledge and the reality. The sun in his theory of the forms is referred to as the model of good, the connection is made with the eye, that is the visual perception and it is the element that takes the light inside and produces some image. It is that source which is so similar to the soul and thus is seen as something that is the form of good which generates knowledge further as the sun produces the light for the others. This analogy is something over which Plato has divided the line into the four parts and each bifurcation of this world has its own significance (Brown, C. (2001)).
To illustrate it is seen that line 1 represents the shadows and the reflection o the physical objects, the next line represents the physical objects, the line 3 represents the part of the intelligible world where it stands for the geometric shapes and the arithmetic and the last line is that of the philosophy and forms. The way Plato’s dualist theory has been devised it shows that in his perception there are the two worlds in which the people exhibit this universe and that there is a major spiritual angle to it. The Plato’s myth of the cave is about the people inside which is slightly illuminated and the people inside the cave are walking holding the model of the animals and the objects whose shadows are being created on the wall of the cave and so it is concluded that cave acts as an allegory where cave is the representative of the physical boundary of the world in which human beings come and live and play their roles. The shadows of what we do and regulate the lives of the people living in it (Buckle, S. (2007)). The bringing of the people to the entrance of the cave hurts the eyes as the being is only accustomed to the darkness of lives. This gradual phenomenon of knowing is that of the enlightenment and figuring out of the forms that mean good.
On the other hand the theory of the non-dualism given by Shankara is such that believes in uniformity and follows a unified path where anything is not different from the other. It is the perception that realises the world around us and the perception is built according to the consciousness. It is the Brahman which is called as the pure being and it is the sole truth. The Brahman is the sole truth and the ‘atman’ is the relationship between the physical self and the non-0self that is the Brahman. For example if somebody perceives a table, then that table is essentially in its nature a table and not any antithesis of something which is not a table. According to Shankara if people talk about the distinctions and the differences among the objects then it is seen as something illusionary and erratic that they are doing (Thibaut, G. (1962)). There one could find that according to him everything is so spiritual that it cannot be seen from a materialistic point of view and is therefore is not subjected to any overarching moral order.
I find that the reality is definitely something which has a defined shape and form and a mould in only which it can fit, it might differ from one time and the space to another and therefore or remains in flux. So to go with the philosophy of Shankara it would completely a non-mechanistic and the undefined journey of philosophy. On the other hand I find reality is something which one sees around himself and also it is open to potential changes according to the nature of the object. There might be an intellectual world which has some unseen trajectories of thought of which I am not confident but I believe that reality cannot be uniform as brought out by Shankara and thus I can relate to it the way Plato has done (Robinson, H. (2011)). It has a metaphysical side to it but is more applicable and easily understandable in contrast to the non-dualistic theory of Shankara.
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