Question:
Question
| 1. | a) For the construction of the 2 storey dwelling, outline the approval process and the certificates required from application for approval of construction to occupation of the building. Briefly explain the different types of building approval that apply in your state (eg in NSW; exempt, complying, integrated, local). Clearly nominate which type of approval this development would fall under in your state.
b) Explain the difference between the options of local government versus privately certified approvals in your state or territory. |
2.
The photos shown below have been taken of buildings on the sites adjoining the proposed development for Project 1.
Comment on the defects shown in the photos and how they could be impacted upon by your building operation.
3.
For the house development detailed in Project 1, you are required to produce a construction schedule in the following formats:
- a critical path analysis
- a Gantt chart (bar chart)
Your initial planning must include the following:
- list of tasks
- duration of each task
- start and end dates
Define the critical path for the project and determine the shortest construction time in weeks.
Answer:
INTRODUCTION
This research paper evaluates the construction of a two-storey building by outlining the process of approval and the required certificates from applications for construction approval to the construction’s occupation. The numerous categories of construction approvals which are being applied in the state in question such as local, integrated, complying, and exempt are also to be discussed by nominating clearly the category in which the development would be under. The dissimilarity between the options of privately certified versus local government approvals of the state in question.
The various defects shown in the photos are also to be identified as well as the impacts they have on the operation of the buildings. There is also a need to produce a schedule for construction in the format of critical path analysis and a Gantt chart. The initial planning will include the start and end dates, duration of every task, list of tasks. The standards that have been considered for the approval process and certification is Australia (James, 2014).
Approval Process and Certificates Required
The process of construction in Australia requires a developer to put into considerations the numerous requirements that require being fulfilled before the process of building can be undertaken. Every developer needs to diligently carry out issues that are likely to be confronted in the construction process. The different types of building approvals which are applied in Australia include:
Exempt Approval: In this type of approval, there is low impact on the local government and may not require approval from Council if it attains certain standards under state environmental planning policy and state environment planning policy (Mant, 2015).
Complying Approval: This is a fast-track process of approval for proposals of developments that are straightforward like new home or renovations of homes. The standards can be determined by a private or Council certifier without the need for a complete application development.
Local Approval: In this type of approval, all the development requiring the Council’s consent are specified under the Port Stephen Local Environment Plan of 2013. This means that in any construction, the local approval requires consent before the work is undertaken an should be lodged with the Council (Teshom, 2012).
Integrated Approval: This type of approval is an approval that involves constructions situated on land identified as prone to bushfire or constructions within the roads belonging to the public. There is a requirement of an administration fee for both the maritime and roads services. In case of this development, the type of approval that this construction would fall under is local approval which can be categorized into two major sections.
The two major areas of involvement in approvals while constructing the building below in Australia is through seeking approvals from the National Construction Code and from the municipal councils. A municipal council is an option of local government in Australia while National Construction Code is a privately certified approval. Numerous requirements should be fulfilled for the approval process to be fulfilled (Teshom, 2012).
Local Government Approvals
The initial step that is necessary for the developer to give them with registration certificates from the professionals who are registered that are charged with the supervision of building project construction. The certificates of registration include certificates from the structural and architect-engineer who are normally charged with ensuring stability and enforcing quality control of the structure during its construction. The professionals also fill a declaration of indemnity which indemnifies the authorities on any claims in the event of mishap or construction fault hence taking complete responsibility of ensuring that the construction is according to the relevant design standards and building codes (Teshom, 2012). Other documentation that requires being furnished to the authorities for approval of building processing include:
- Full application for approval for building permit
- Recent annual rates receipts
- The property ownership documents
The major regions that the authorities charge for entails infrastructure development, site signage fees, fees for the occupational certificate, and fees for site inspection (Vandoros, 2014).
Private Certified Approval
The approval for building and projects in Australia are done by the National Construction Code. This statute was passed into law and is in charge of enforcing management of the environment. Some of the details that need to be included in the documentation and plans include:
Water supply and drainage plan: A plan that identifies the position of all drainage points and water supply to the building. The sub-surface, surface, levels of inverts and levels of overflow relief guff for the proposed services of the system (James, 2014).
Energy efficiency details: The specifications of the efficiency of the thermal fabric of the building such as air movement, window energy, building sealing, and slab insulations.
Safe access and movement: This includes details of the ramps and stairs. The required information is the proprietary, material, and type of the system. The dimensions of goings and risers, clearance height, methods of construction and ramp slopes.
Windows and Glazing details: The required details include grazing specifications, descriptions of the windows, and ventilation openings.
Details of roof cladding: The details required in this section includes roof drainage, flashing details, fixing requirements, batten spacing, and roof pitch (Mant, 2015).
Section details: The section entails the details of the roof, floor ceiling, and wall at a scale which is greater than 1:100.
Other submission requirements include demolition plan, elevation plan, floor plan, site plan, alternative solutions, development approval, asbestos removal control plan, the appointment of the certifier, an estimate of the cost of construction.
Defects in the Proposed Development and how they can be impacted upon
The foundation defect below is known as block foundation backfill damage. The defect is as a result of earth pressure, frost, and water.
In the masonry block construction, wall or foundation cracks happen more frequently in the joints of the motor, however, may also happen through and across the blocks themselves. The defect above can be prevented by not exceeding the pressure limits of the building which may cause the foundation to crack. Floods passing below the foundation level can also cause this defect since the running water will weaken the foundation by washing away the components that strengthen the wall. This defect can be prevented by making the foundation to be strong enough to withstand pressure and water from outside (Vandoros, 2014).
The construction defect shown in the figure below is known as vertical cracking. The vertical cracking occurs due to shrinkage and expansion of concrete blocks.
The cracks in the construction walls tend to be more serious on the walls of the centre from the external pressure and loading. The defect of the wall takes place during the backfill which is the pressure from both the machine operator that drove heavy machine near the wall of foundation and the backfill earth itself (Vandoros, 2014).
The defect below is known as Diagonal Cracks and occurs in foundations as well as the block wall. The diagonal crack can appear in numerous structural components and materials and it indicates the actual differential settlement or vertical movement in the structure. The defect is caused by a sinkhole near or under the foundation and also occasionally frost heaves (Silva, 2013).
List of Tasks for Project 1
| Task | No. of Milestone | Expected Deliverables | Period (Days) | Start Date |
| A | Milestone 1
Preparation of Project |
Data Collection Program
Research Preparation Questioners surveys |
6 days
4 days 5 days |
2nd/12/2017 |
| B | Milestone 2
Project Execution |
Data summary
Data collection Writing project report Feedback survey respondents
|
3 days
1 week 2 days 3 days |
|
| C | Milestone 3
Validation and Analysis |
Hypothesis validation of Hypothesis
Data comparison Responses Evaluation Graph presentation |
2 days
3 days 6 days 1 day |
|
| D | Milestone 4
Project Delivery |
Report preparation
Report presentation Submission of report |
4 days
2 days 1 days |
End Date
17th/01/2018 |
Critical Path Analysis
After laying out the list of tasks, the correct activities sequence and network diagram would look like the figure below before the calculation of the earliest start time and latest finish time for every activity (Vandoros, 2014).
The next step is to determine the earliest start time for every activity in the list of tasks above. The remaining earliest start time may be added to the diagram of the network as shown below:
The latest finish time portrays the latest time an activity must be finished by evading delay to the project (James, 2014). The latest finish time is determined by observing the right to left on the network diagram as shown below:
Gantt chart
The Gantt chart which will be utilized by the research team during the period research is as shown in the figure below:
Conclusion
This research paper is about construction work and plan building. The approval process and certificates required for the construction of the building in question have been discussed according to the regulations of Australia. The different types of building approvals namely local, integrated, complying, exempt, and NSW have been discussed in this paper. The two major areas of involvement in approvals while constructing the building below in Australia is through seeking approvals from the National Construction Code and from the municipal councils. A municipal council is an option of local government in Australia while National Construction Code is a privately certified approval. The various types of defects that can occur in the walls and foundation of a building include vertical failure, horizontal failure, and block foundation backfill damage.
Bibliography
James, K., 2014. Critical-Path Planning and Scheduling. Melbourne: Proceedings of the Eastern Joint Computer Conference.
Mant, J., 2015. Observations on NSW Land Use Planning and Regulations. Sidney: IEEE.
Silva, V., 2013. Defects of No-Loadbearing Masonry Walls Due to Partial Basal Supports. Moscow: Journal of Construction and Building Materials.
Thom, T., 2012. Durability Problems of 20th Century Reinforced Concrete Heritage Structures and Their Restorations. Michigan: Technical University of Catalonia.
Vandoros, K., 2014. Concrete jacket construction detail effectiveness when strengthening RC columns, Construction and Building Materials. Perth: Gale Art and Engineering Lite Package.
