Question:
Discuss about the Computer Information System.
Answer:
QUESTION 1:
A. BRIDGE
A network bridge is used mainly to join two communication networks so that they can communicate with each other. This is mainly done with the help of local area network (LAN) which enables to access network over a large physical area. It works at the data link layer which the second layer of the OSI model architecture (Witten, Frank, &Hall, 2016).
TYPES OF NETWORK BRIDGE
As discussed above bridge mainly acts as a linking device between to networks that have to connect in order to achieve communication between the computer devices. There are different types of bridges according to their usage in the network including in order to create communication between devices.
Wireless bridge – it supports Wifi wireless access points
Wifi Ethernet bridges – it allows connecting Ethernet clients thus interfacing them to a network which is local Wifi network. Mainly used for older network devices which lack the Wifi technology.
B. ROUTER
It is a networking device. The role of a router is to forward data packets between computer networks, which have to be linked to the communication channel for communication. Router mainly performs the traffic directing function on the internet communication medium (Jonathan, Lenchner & J, 2016). A router is connected with two or more lines of access point. When a router receives a packet from one destination using the routing table its task is to retrieve the information about the destination address .The routers operation can be broadly is divided into two parts called planes (Lee,2016).
Control plane – It comprise of a routing table which informs about the route of transfer of information in the process to information transfer and the information about the interface (Raadt & JDR, 2016). This task is done with the help of a internet pre configured directives which is known as a static routes.
Forwarding plane –The main role is to communicate between the incoming and outgoing data traffic in a communication channel. Network type information about the destination where the data packets has to be redirected are contained in the packet headers of the channel.
C. DSL MODEM
A Digital subscriber line modem is a device used in connecting a computer or a router to a telephonic line providing the function of digital subscriber line service for connectivity to the internet which is usually termed as DSL broadband. Connected to a single computer through an Ethernet port, USB port, or is installed in a computer PCI slot (Chan, Chau,& Rahman, 2016).. The most commonly used DSL router is a standalone device that combines the work of a router and a DSL modem which can be connected to multiple computer through multiple Ethernet ports or an integral wireless access point. DSL router can be used also in homes and small office to manage the connection and sharing of DSL service. The DSL Modems are available in many characteristics of their implementation which can be categorized as
- ADSL Lite
- R-ADSL _ Rate- Adaptive Digital Subscriber line
- HDSL
- IDSL
- SDSL
- VDSL
D. SWITCH
A Switch is a small hardware device that centralizes communication among several connected devices in s single local area network (LAN) ( Horn,2016 ). Before home router came into existence Ethernet switch device became popular. High performance network switches are still actively being used in corporate network and data center. Switches operate at the layer 2 of the OSI model which is termed as the Data link layer. Different model of network switch support varying number of connected derives which can be link up with it. Switches used for the specification of the a consumer network and a organization network are different. Consumer network switches usually contains four or eight switches and corporate network switches usually contains 32 and 128 connections. Switches can be additionally being connected to each other in order to create a progressively large number of LAN connections can be connected to it. Mainstream Ethernet switches those are used in broadband connections or routers support speed up to Gigabit Ethernet per individual link, but the high performance switches like those that are used in data centre generally support 10 Gbps per link. Switches commonly can be termed as to as MAC bridges or switching hubs (Scaff,2015).
E. NETWORK INTERFACE CARD
The main task of the Network Interface Card (NIC) is to create a connection within an organization or a network place with the using of Ethernet cable using a RJ-45 connector. The relative cost of the technology is very less as compared to other technology. Mother boards of latest computers have inbuilt network interface which gives a added advantage in a computer system. Communication between two computers can be created using a network switch. This process of communication between two computers can be created only if both the computer systems are on the same internet communication channel (Zhang,Zhu& Xu,2017).
F. HUB
Hub is considered as the most basic device in the communication aspect of two devices in recent time. It can be used to connect two device or two networking channels together. Hubs play a vital role in network solutions in recent time. Hubs do not contain any routing information about the destination of data packets. In the past network hubs were popular because there were comparatively cheaper than router or switch. Today switches as compared to hub does not cost much and are regarded as a better solution for any network. In general a hub can be referred to as hardware devices which enables multiple device or connections to be connected together (Henderson & Venkatraman, 2016).. An example is a USB hub which enables a computer to connect to more than few USB connections which are already available in a computer system.
QUESTION 2
There are different varieties of cable available for different pre defined task assigned to the specific cables as stated below.
- DVI (Digital Visual Interface)
DVI is mainly a video display interface used in a computer system. Creating connect link between video display controller to a display source such as computer monitor or a video projector or any display systems can be created using a digital visual interface. It was developed with the intension of creating a standard for digital video transfer content (Baroudi & Lucas, 2017).
TYPES
DVI-D used in transmitting digital signal which can be referred to as a new signal
DVI-D analog and digital signal can be transmitted
DVI-I capable of transmitting analog signal
Sometimes a VGA to DVI or DVI to VGA cable converter can be used which serve the same purpose mentioned above.
LENGTH
The maximum length recommended for DVI cables is up to 4.5 meters which will work for resolution up to 1920 *1200. Longer cables up to 15 meters can be used for working for a resolution of 1280*1024
COST
The cost of a DVI cable is $ 12.99 (approx)
- HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface)
HDMI is a audio and video interface for transmitting uncompressed video data and compressed or uncompressed digital audio data. The video and the audio are transferred from a source device which can be a display controller to a compatible device such as computer monitor, video projector or digital audio device. There are different types of DVI according to the need can be implemented (Orton, 2015).
TYPES
Type A – Type A HDMI cable has 19 pins on the male head.
Compatibility – DVI-D single link connections
Type B is larger than Type A. This connector in the male head of the cable comes in 29 pins.
Compatibility –DVI-D duel link connections
Type C is a 19 pin connector which is used in portable devices.
Type C is a 19 pins micro-USB cord
LENGTH
The length of an HDMI cable suffers from signal degradation at longer length. 50 feet is generally considered the maximum reliable length (Orton, 2015).
COST
The cost of an HDMI cable is $2.24(approx) (Orton, 2015).
- Universal Serial Bus (USB)
USB is mainly used in connection purpose and power supply between computers and other computer devices. USB was designed for connection between computer peripherals like keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters (Mower & Palmer,2016). USB comes in many forms like micro USB, mini USB, type B standard USB. Nearly all the computer peripherals like keyboard, headset and flash drive can be connected through USB. The versions of USB available are.
USB 1.0/1.1
Speed – 12Mbps
USB 2.0
Speed – 480 Mbps
USB 3.0
Speed- 4.8 Gbps
LENGTH
The USB length is 5 meters for full speed devices and 3 meters for low speed devices
COST
The cost of a USB cable is $3.55 approx (Orton, 2015).
- Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE)
Integrated Drive Electronics are more commonly known as ATA or Parallel ATA (PATA). It is a standard interface for IBM compatible hard drive or DVD drives. IDE cables are used to connect storage device with motherboard. The connector of an IDE cable has 40 pins; the smaller 2.5’’ drive variety has 44 pins (Zhang, Zhu& Xu,2017).
LENGTH
The maximum length of IDE cable is 18 inches from the IDE device to the IDE controller. There are also 36inch cables.
COST
The cost of IDE cable is $1.84 (approx) (Orton, 2015).
REFERENCES
Baroudi, J., & Lucas Jr, H. C. (2017). The role of information technology in organization design. Journal of Management Information Systems, 10(4), 9-23.
Chan, A. W. H., Chau, K. W., & Rahman, N. (2016). U.S. Patent No. 9,497,069. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
De Raadt, J. D. R. (2016). Information and managerial wisdom. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
Henderson, J. C., & Venkatraman, H. (2016). Strategic alignment: Leveraging information technology for transforming organizations. IBM systems journal, 32(1), 472-484.
Horn, B. L. (2016). U.S. Patent No. 9,483,169. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Jonathan, H. C. I., Kephart, J. O., & Lenchner, J. (2016). U.S. Patent No. 9,346,168. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Lee, (2016). Design of a Deadlock-Free XY-YX Router for Network-on-Chip. In Information Technology: New Generations (pp. 701-710). Springer, Cham.
Mower, C. S., & Palmer, M. A. (2016). U.S. Patent No. 9,503,354. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Orton, H. (2015). Power cable technology review. 高电压技术, 41(4), 1057-1067.
Scaff, (2015). U.S. Patent Application No. 14/622,208.
Witten, I. H., Frank, E., Hall, M. A., & Pal, C. J. (2016). Data Mining: Practical machine learning tools and techniques. Morgan Kaufmann.
Zhang, Y., Zhu, Z., & Xu, X. (2017). U.S. Patent No. 9,601,821. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
