ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF KADINSKY TO ABSTRACTION

QUESTION

Critical Annotated Bibliography

Cumming, Laura What drove Kandinsky to abstraction The Observer 2006.

In this article the author examines the contribution of Kandinsky towards the abstract art. The author considers Kandinsky as among the pioneers of abstract art. He thinks that as Kandinsky has spent nearly half of his life abroad he was greatly influenced by the maestros like Picasso and Matisse. After returning to Russia he was encountered by Supermatism propounded by Malevich. The essay briefly enumerates the life of Kandinsky and also the emergence of other art forms like Expressionism and Fauvism. The author delves on the appearance of damsels and Cossacks in the paintings of Kandinsky. He points out the Kitsch angels who are blowing outside trumpets in the paintings of Kandinsky. The author notes the inescapable sense of distance in the shape of topsy-turvy landscapes, starry sky, valleys and peaks.

The article notes that Kandinsky was greatly influenced by a preposterous philosopher named Madam Blavatsky. Kandinsky according to this article, believed all that was said by this philosopher. Article notes that he believed the prophecy of Madam Blavatsky that the world would come to an end soon and only a chosen group of souls would be allowed to communicate through ‘thought forms’. Kandinsky believed that naturally art was the ideal medium for such communication.

Kandinsky has described painting as his struggle with canvas during which he is able to derive spiritual experience through the sensations of the colors on his palette. He remained constantly sensitive to the emerging image. Kandinsky rejected preconception or calculation. He considered the response to work in progress as essential and advised to mistrust logic in the art

In this article the author notes that the paintings of Kandinsky are held together inevitably by the unique characteristics of the artist. The article points out that Kandinsky wanted an art which could speak without reference to reality but reality is being summoned always. For example the article points out that the huge machinery made of color and line swerving like a cresting prow on the turbulent curves along with the powerful sense of darkness unmistakably reminds us of a ship in the darkness. The article further that Kandinsky was naïve enough to believe that the observers will not guess it and give it a title ‘Deluge.’ This naivety of Kandinsky, according to the article, is what that makes the artist even more difficult to comprehend. The fancies of Kandinsky border on extraordinary sophistication and his ideal are almost close to eccentricity.

Baxter, George The Canvas art of Kazimir Malewich-Abstract Expressionalism Artist, retrieved from http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=George_Baxter
The next article that is written by George Baxter considers Malevich to be among the most influential artists of the 20th century. The article notes that Malevich is considered as the originator of a Russian movement in abstract art called Supermatism. The article provides detailed knowledge about the great Russian artist who was born in 1878. The artist only had a rudimentary formal education and by the age of 15 he had started painting. It was only in 1930 that Malevich started abstract form of painting. He named his style of abstract painting as Supermatism.  He believed that it was high time that our abandoned its imitation of external world and involved in formation of signs rather than the repetition of nature. He stated that the artists should abandon their subjects and objects if they want to be pure painters. Supermatism was different from the movements that followed it like the cubism and futurism as in this movement forms were not created by breaking the real objects into parts but they were directly built with abstract forms. By recognizing the differences between Kandinsky and Malevich we can develop a better understanding of their achievements and their attitudes. While Kandinsky, like other great experimental artists like Cezanne worked slowly and cautiously towards the uncertain aesthetic goal, Malevich like other great conceptual innovators including Picasso proceeded swiftly and assertively towards the art that articulated his ideas. The article notes that by the year 1919 Malevich was exploring the ways to apply Supermatism in a three dimensional way in the architectural models. The article mentions in the end that like many of the artist from the Abstract Expressionism Movement, Malevich also created outstanding canvas from a stretched canvas.

The Spaces of Spirituality and Absolute Abstraction:  Kandinsky retrieved from http://www.radford.edu/~rbarris/art428/kandinskys%20abstraction.html accessed on 28 March, 2012.

This article compares these different styles of artists engaged in abstract form of painting. The article notes that Monet’s paintings of the grain stacks had an influence on Kandinsky. Similarly the ethnographic travels in Vologda too had an influence on the artist where he had a feeling of living in a work of art. The article notes that after his visit to Paris, where he was exposed to the Fauvism, Kandinsky painted some fauvist inspired landscapes.

Faerna, Jose Maria Great Modern Masters. Harry N. Abrams / Cameo; 1st edition 1997

Our last source is the book Great Modern Masters in which it is stated that the reason why some abstract paintings of Kandinsky look strikingly similar to the visual stimuli that was being used by the psychologist.  Both Kandinsky and Malevich were Great Russian painters who are considered as pioneers in abstract art in the century. Despite the fact that both the artists are considered as Pioneer is in the field of abstract art, we find some radical differences in their artistic methods as well as goals. Kandinsky was an innovative artist who approached the abstraction visually and tentatively by gradually concealing the forms drawn from nature. On the other hand Malevich was a conceptual inventor who plunged precipitously in abstraction and created symbolic elements that are no figurative origin. Malevich who was more conceptual made his greatest innovations rather early in life as compared to the experimental Kandinsky.  There is documentation present which reveals that in some cases at least artists like Kandinsky who were following psychological and search may have copied shapes and compositions using psychological literature. They could have done it consciously or unconsciously but we can say that abstraction was born in psychological laboratories before it was presented in art galleries.

SOLUTION

JE74

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