Science management assignment essay writing help on: Chronic diseases in Australian Government
Q?? Write on Chronic diseases in Australian Government??
Solution:
Introduction
Chronic Diseases such as Diabetes, heart diseases etc. are the major concerns in most of the developed and developing countries. These diseases are long lasting and persistent in their symptoms. The management of chronic diseases is one of the most significant challenges in 21st century. These conditions do not attract media or public policy attention as acute life threatening illnesses which give negative social and economic impact. The change in demographic factors and living and working conditions have increased the risk factors leading to increase in chronic diseases prevalence (Wagner, 2000).
Such diseases are preventable through modification of risk factors which contribute to their development. Australian government has also developed National Chronic Disease Strategy (NCDS) which provides national policy directions for improving care and chronic disease prevention across Australia.
Chronic diseases are very difficult to define because of their varied and complex nature. They differ significantly in terms of their nature, the extent of their impact on communities and how they are caused. Some of them are the contributors to premature death and some disabilities. Some of them last through lifetime while some of them resolves over longer period but generally chronic diseases are never be cured completely.
Chronic diseases are more prevalent in old age but however some of them begin early in life such as Type 1 diabetes and childhood asthma.
Most of the chronic diseases have common features like:
- Associated functional impairment or disability.
- Develops over long period of times and some of them have no symptoms.
- The course of illness is prolonged
- May leads to other health complications.
The care for chronic diseases individuals should be effective and shall include several elements like accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment, support of effective patient self-care, ongoing monitoring and risk factor management and attentions to the patient’s needs for illness care as well as disease management (Davis, Wagner, & Groves, 2000).
The occurrence of many chronic and compound illnesses is rising in Australia and I high proportions of general practice consultations are for the treatment of chronic diseases. But still many patients are inadequately treated. Organized and structured care, including patient recall systems, regular review, education and support for the patients in self management of their illness, systems for auditing and monitoring care have been shown effective in the management of chronic illnesses. As the general practice system is oriented towards acute care, this system is not easy to implement.
The Chronic condition which is affecting my clients is Hypertensive Diabetes. The client is about 80 year old male. The client during the early 40’s was diagnosed with Hypertension. The client was rapidly diagnosed with high blood pressure symptoms at that time. Later on the client after reaching the age of 50 was diagnosed with diabetes and later on in the year 1999, the client had a minor stroke. Hypertension if poorly treated often leads to such events like congestive heart failure, stroke, kidney failure and heart attack.
After that the client suffered with prostate enlargement and Diverticular disease and went through a major operation in the year 2002. As the time passes the patient’s condition got severe and he had Alzheimer in the year 2004. The patient during this time suffers with memory loss and cognitive changes. The disease was developed slowly but as the time passes it got worst. The patient slowly destroys the ability to create reason, remember, learn and relate to others. The client routinely place important items like keys inside the fridge and wallet in the dishwasher. The client often forgets the names of the family members, dress regardless of whether, get lost in familiar places and was unable to find a way back. The client also has problem in swallowing and suffered with hallucinations. The client during this time tends to be hot tempered. And later on in the year 2009, he was bound to a wheelchair. And during this time the client needed round the clock intensive support and care. Since then the condition of the client start to detoriate. Since the end of 2010, he is on NG tube feeding. He is disoriented and lost his power of speech. He has a child and a wife. His family members need to take a turn to look after him and his wife is afraid of losing him. He is in such distress condition and can sense the gravity of the illness and is worried about the coming future about him, his wife and his child.
The client is totally unaware about his requirements and he is not able to do his daily routine. The client cannot say anything but sometimes he try to make the staff and family members understand about his requirements by writing and by moving his hands. Sometimes the client got frustrated and the family members and the staff are unable to find the reason for the same but by judging his hands movements and eyes movements the family members sometime took him outside for a walk on his wheelchair. The client often feels lonely in the absence of his family members and during his critical condition he often get more depressed and stressed. The client often gets uncomfortable with the placement of NG tube for feeding.
Patients suffering with such conditions require round the clock care and support. Any lapses in such cases could lead to fatal accidents resulting in loss of life of the patients. Patients often became restless and tend to get hyper during such conditions. All the patients who are on NG tube feeding tend to get uncomfortable if proper anesthesia is not provided. As the tube is inserted through nasal passages and causes irritation and itching in the passage by which the client gets irritated and tends to remove the tube by moving his body and hands. Such patients should also be made to understand to cooperate during such procedures (Sprangers, & Aronson, 2004).
There is tremendous impact of such chronic diseases to the social, recreational and occupational functioning over the individual suffering and even on the family. The clients and the family often suffer with anxiety, depression, anger, irritability, helplessness and hopelessness.
During the various stages of illness the family members also are deeply affected and try to adjust themselves to the changes that have occurred because their loved one became affected with chronic illness. Some of the family member’s lifestyle changes dramatically which often create sadness and anger and irritation of unable to do anything for their loved one and knowing that they can lose them early. The fear and anxiety often remains over the chronicity of changes and the drain possibly to the resources like financial, emotional and physical (Wagner, 2000).
There is huge impact of the chronic illness over the individual as the fear and anxiety occur in response to the uncertainty of the future and possible loss of ambitions may lead to sadness, depression and grief. The patient became affected by the feelings of abandonment, rejection and loneliness. The client sometimes feel that he will be thrown out of the society and there will be no one on his side to support him which leads to more depression and the client feels the state of losing everything and his life means no purpose in the future (Glaser, 1987).
The differences in the perception held by the client and their family members concerning their chronic condition as compared to that of the general community were not so diverse. The client and the family members perceived that they are in more critical state as compared to the individuals in the general community. The client and the family also thought that their chances of getting well were very less as compared to that of the general population. The hope of getting a healthy life and being independent and to resume the normal day to day activities was decreasing and the client and the family members were in the state of anxiety and stress. The perception that they holds were the hope of getting out of such distress condition if they changes the institution or getting treated somewhere else in a hope of getting better results. The clients often resist accepting the change within and outside his body and surroundings and show signs of rejections. The family members also perceive the sense of responsibility and increased burden on their life’s emotionally as well as financially. The family members and the client also fears that they might lose their loved ones and more and more complications will arise in the coming future. The client was in distress and knowing that he may not return to a healthy state and will not be able to live a normal and independent life makes him feels more helpless. While the family and the clients in the general community have the hope of getting their life’s back on the normal routine. They hope and perceive that the illness is of shorter durations and their loved one will again regain its normal life. They as compared to the client and his family members are in less distress and anxiety and knows that this phase of their life will be soon ended and the patient will be independently looking and living his/her life (Sherbourne, & Hays, 1990).
Self management means the active participation of the people in their own health. Self management approach emphasizes the individual’s main role in managing their health. And in the case of client self educating him will not serve any purpose as the client is disoriented and is unable to take care of self instead we can educate the family members or the person appointed to take care of the client. The family members should be linked personal and community resources. Self management support is what the systems, health providers and the organizations do to help those who are living with chronic conditions to practice self management. The family members should be educated to take care of the client while feeding with NG tube so that he should not get uncomfortable at times (Sobel, 2001). The family members should also be educated over the administering of medicine including the exact doses, dose combination and timings. They should be educated not to leave the client alone and should keep all the emergency items beside him round the clock. They should also be educated to report any distress or discomfort immediately to the concerned health care provider. The family members shall also be properly motivated so that they should not leave the hope completely and all the reports and the further treatments shall be discussed in detail and the family members should also be educated about the necessary and basic care and support the client will need. (Lorig, 2002).
The discharge plan should include all the treatment given and it should indicate all the major diseases the client was suffering with and the current state of the same. The medication and precautions should also be mentioned and the list of nearby medical center should also be incorporated so as to get emergency medical treatment in case of any emergency. The next follow up visit and the visit of the staff to the patient to monitor his health shall also be mentioned in the discharge summary. All the medical reports shall be examined well before in advance while making the discharge summary. During the discharge parental or family responsibilities shall be reviewed and the family should be educated keeping in mind the family needs of the client. During scheduled training sessions, providing families with “what if” scenario will help them to begin the potential problems that may arise (Johnson, 2005).
To help the client we must provide him with appropriate community referrals and provide linkages with community bases resources like senior centers, self help groups and including other allied health care providers. The client should be referred in community which can provide a holistic approach to the chronic conditions of the patients as the client is unable to handle and care for self (Austin, Korff, & Wagner, 1996).Conclusion
Chronic diseases are one of the major concerns in Australia and require much broader approach and target interventions for improving the conditions of patients with chronic diseases. The individual and the family affected with chronic diseases require proper counseling sessions and shall be educated about the self management of chronic diseases. Adequate steps should be taken to motivate the individuals and family because chronic diseases often force the individual and family towards agitation, grief and hopelessness. Adequate community referrals shall be also be provided to the individuals.
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