Meiosis is the mechanism whereby 4 cells of which they comprise the half of the original volume of hereditary material are produced by a single cell can divide twice.
QUESTION 1
The total number of nuclei in cells present after Meiosis has been completed is four.
QUESTION 2
Two genetically identical daughter cells are formed from their original cell during mitotic division. Structurally and genetically similar, daughter cells can be used to substitute dead cells or even to restore damaged cells. Both body cells undergo mitotic segregation, except for fully differentiated nerve cells.
QUESTION 3
Crossing-Over and Independent Assortment
In prophase I, cross-over occurs and this is the sharing of genetic code amongst non-sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes as well. Recall the homologous chromosomes always line up in pairs during prophase I, gene for gene during their length, creating a 4-chromatid arrangement, defined as the tetrad. Synapsis is called as a method of pairing homologous chromosomes as well. Non-sister chromatids may also cross over during Non-sister chromatids can cross over during The genetic material from two non-sister chromatids simply intertwines inside a chiasma around one another, and certain non-sister chromatid flips chromosome, that is, material breaking off and reattaches at the homologous chromosome in the same location. In the same pair of homologous chromosomes, this interchange of genes will happen several times, producing different allele combinations. This procedure is named homologous recombination as well.
The capacity for immense genetic diversity is generated by an independent assortment, this is whereby the chromosome inherited by the mother or father can be assembled into any gamete. The chromosomal base of inheritance underlies this process. The Rule of Independent Assortment says that ‘different genes for different traits are transmitted from parents to children self-sufficiently of each other’.
References
Choudhary, A., Wright, L., Ponce, O., Chen, J., Prashar, A., Sanchez-Moran, E., … & Compton, L. (2020). Varietal variation and chromosome behavior during meiosis in Solanum tuberosum. Heredity, 1-15.
Morgan, C., Zhang, H., Henry, C. E., Franklin, F. C. H., & Bomblies, K. (2020). Derived alleles of two-axis proteins affect meiotic traits in autotetraploid Arabidopsis arenosa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(16), 8980-8988.
