Are people forgetting their real lives because of the virtual life offered by social media?
‘Social media’ is the term the millennial is most familiar with. It is the most dependable instrument for communication now-a-days. Not only in the field of communication, social media has left a deep impact in the fields of education, business, entertainment and so on. This argumentative essay looks at social media through an analytical prism. This essay throws a little focus on the benefits of social media, but major parts of this essay highlights the argument how social media is disconnecting people from their real lives. Hence, the purpose of this study is to throw lights on different roles played by social media in our lives. The thesis statement of this essay focuses on the argument that social media is disconnecting people from their real lives. This main argument is supported by two logical reasons. There is a counterargument which is again supported by two logical reasons. Finally, there is conclusion section which sums up the entire content and a provides a concluding statement.
It is true with the advancement of science; social media emerged as a virtual platform of communication and transcends all the geographical as well as the technical barriers to communication. The attractive features offered by social media is making the life of the mass faster, easier and full of fun. Social media has become the ‘virtual best friend’ to people who feel lonely. It does not only allow people to transcend their boundaries and mix with the world, but also makes them aware of the current affairs. According to experts, people now-a-days are more dependent on social media as compared to their own family members, which is interrupting their real-life communication.
Argument 1:
Social media is disconnecting people from their real lives:
Logical and clear reasons 1:
According to Hawi et al. (2017), the attractive pots on Facebook, twitter, Instagram LinkedIn, enhance the engagement of people with different social media platforms. People of every age, especially teenagers get engrossed in the attractive posts as well as all these amazing features provided by different social media platform. This deep engagement turns into social media addiction. Most of the people now-a-days spend maximum amount of time over social networking sites, YouTube channels. They keep on scrolling down to their profile, watching YouTube videos even when they are with their family. According to van den Eijnden et al. (2016), social media are flooded with news or posts which makes teen-ager, social media lovers excited every moment. Sometimes all of this exciting news are not true, but the illusionary effects created by social media collapse their power of reasoning and they start believing whatever social media offers them[1]. Thus, they become addicted to social media. They are unable to find out that kind of excitement in real life which they are able to find out in their virtual life as reality do not offer us fake excitements[2]. Hence, then start ignoring the reality. This is the reason they do not interact with their real friends and family. According to Andreassen et al. (2017), often teen agers are reluctant to understand their emotional attachment with their parents and real friends. In fact, Eijnden et al. (2016), argue that, the illusion created by social media is destroying emotional attachment of people with their family and friends and disconnecting people from their real lives
Logical and clear reasons 2:
According to psychologists, different social media platforms summon people, with exciting features, people can play games, gossip in live video chats, ask their friends’ for on live chats while shopping. The main reason behind this is to grab more and more viewers as well as account holders. In order to be successful to capture users, they flourish their websites with instigating and impulsive contents. This is casting a deep negative impact on human psychology. As a result, people are suffering from impulse control disorder, the effect of which is similar to the effects of using intoxicating drugs[3]. According to Andreassen et al. (2017), people of every age, especially teenagers are becoming excessively dependent on social media. This is harming them as drug addiction, as they start perceiving that the kind of peace or satisfaction, they receive from their engagement with social media cannot be received from anywhere[4]. According to Hawi et al. (2017), they become restless if there if they are unable to view their social media profiles for more than 5minutes. Social media addiction also give birth to self-obsession, selfishness. As a consequence of all these people are reluctant to interact face to face with their near and dear
ones. According to Eijnden et al. (2016), often social media addicted people find its difficult to conduct face to face interaction. This is the reason why they surround themselves with virtual friends instead of their real friends and families. Thus, social media is disconnecting people from their real lives.
Counterargument:
Social media is basically attaching people with their real lives more deeply
Elderly people of families are trying to learn skills to use social media from the young generation which is bringing them closer. Also, school friends can have a reunion over social media even if they are far from each other. People staying away from their families are able to see their family members over live chat on Facebook or video call using Google Duo. Long distance relationship and marriages are surviving over social media interaction. Hence experts consider social media a new platform to be close to our near and dear ones.
Logical and clear reasons 1:
Allcott, Hunt et al. (2019), argues that, social media is actually bringing people close to each other. In order to cope with the fast pace of digital life both the young and older generation are inclined to social media. Thus, social media is bringing the younger and older members of a family closer. Kim, consider that, in case of studies, students can easily contact with their professor or tutors over social media ask them for help or clear their doubts, even if, they are unable to attend lecture due to illness[5]. Students can keep contact with their favorite teacher or professor over social media even after their education was over. School or college friends can conduct reunion over social media, even if they are not in the same city or country. Hence, social media is attaching people with their real lives.
Logical and clear reasons 2:
Kim et al. (2016), argues that, social media is the most essential part of the lives of people who have to live far from their family because of their occupation of studies. Social media has brought them the opportunity to keep in touch with their families, enjoy beautiful moments with them through video chat. People are able to maintain long distance relationship due to social media. Not only friendship, even marriages are happening over social media Thus social media is a boon to the world which has connected us deeply with our near and dear ones[6]. People are able to protect their relationships with their family, spouse, transcending the limitation of distance, due to social media. Hence, social media is attaching people with their real lives.
Hence,
in the conclusion it can be said that, social media has both positive and
negative impacts on the real lives of human beings. People need to balance
their virtual and real life in a way so that the benefits of the social media
can be enjoyed the most.
References
Allcott, Hunt, et al. The Welfare Effects of Social Media. No. w25514. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2019.
Andreassen, Cecilie Schou, Ståle Pallesen, and Mark D. Griffiths. “The relationship between addictive use of social media, narcissism, and self-esteem: Findings from a large national survey.” Addictive behaviors 64 (2017): 287-293
Hawi, Nazir S., and Maya Samaha. “The relations among social media addiction, self-esteem, and life satisfaction in university students.” Social Science Computer Review 35.5 (2017): 576-586.
Kim, Yonghwan, Yuan Wang, and Jeyoung Oh. “Digital media use and social engagement: How social media and smartphone use influence social activities of college students.” Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 19.4 (2016): 264-269.
van den Eijnden, Regina JJM,
Jeroen S. Lemmens, and Patti M. Valkenburg. “The social media disorder
scale.” Computers in Human Behavior 61 (2016): 478-487.
[1] Hawi, Nazir S., and Maya Samaha. “The relations among social media addiction, self-esteem, and life satisfaction in university students.” Social Science Computer Review 35.5 (2017): 576-586.
[2] van den Eijnden, Regina JJM, Jeroen S. Lemmens, and Patti M. Valkenburg. “The social media disorder scale.” Computers in Human Behavior 61 (2016): 478-487.
[3] Andreassen, Cecilie Schou, Ståle Pallesen, and Mark D. Griffiths. “The relationship between addictive use of social media, narcissism, and self-esteem: Findings from a large national survey.” Addictive behaviors 64 (2017): 287-293
[4] van den Eijnden, Regina JJM, Jeroen S. Lemmens, and Patti M. Valkenburg. “The social media disorder scale.” Computers in Human Behavior 61 (2016): 478-487.
[5] Allcott, Hunt, et al. The Welfare Effects of Social Media. No. w25514. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2019.
[6] Kim, Yonghwan, Yuan Wang, and Jeyoung Oh. “Digital media use and social engagement: How social media and smartphone use influence social activities of college students.” Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 19.4 (2016): 264-269.
Markov Chain (Final Project)
The Markov Chain with one-step transition matrix is given below.
P =
1. The above transition matrix is right stochastic if the sum of each row is 1 or it can be right stochastic if the sum of each column is 1 or it can be said that the matrix is doubly stochastic if both sum of row and column sums up to 1. Now, a MATLAB script is written to find the sum of each row and column.
MATLAB code:
P = [0.25 0.35 0.15 0 0.25;0.15 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.15;0.1 0.35 0.05 0.3 0.2;0.55 0 0.25 0.15 0.05;0 0.6 0.25 0 0.15];
for i=1:length(P)
scol(i) = sum(P(:,i));
srow(i) = sum(P(i,:));
end
srow
scol = scol’
Output:
sumprob
srow =
1 1 1 1 1
scol =
1.0500
1.5000
1.1000
0.5500
0.8000
Hence, as the row sum is 1 hence the state transition matrix is right stochastic only.
2. The nth step of Markov chain simulation is given by,
Where, is the probability vector after nth step.
= initial state distribution.
n = simulation number.
MATLAB code:
P = [0.25 0.35 0.15 0 0.25;0.15 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.15;0.1 0.35 0.05 0.3 0.2;0.55 0 0.25 0.15 0.05;0 0.6 0.25 0 0.15]; % state transition matrix
pi0 = [3/15 2/15 4/15 5/15 1/15]; % initial state distribution
n = 10000; % number of steps is 10000
fprob = pi0*(P^n); % final state probability matrix
row_sum = sum(fprob);
fprob
row_sum
Output:
EE380_Exp10_A
fprob =
0.1781 0.3050 0.2316 0.1176 0.1676
row_sum =
1.0000
Hence, it can be seen that after 10000 simulation the sum of probabilities in the row is equal to 1. Hence, the final state transition matrix is also right stochastic.
3. Now, the final probability array is generated after 10000 simulations for 20 randomly chosen initial distributions. The initial distributions are chosen from uniform distribution having values between [0,1].
MATLAB code:
P = [0.25 0.35 0.15 0 0.25;0.15 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.15;0.1 0.35 0.05 0.3 0.2;0.55 0 0.25 0.15 0.05;0 0.6 0.25 0 0.15]; % state transition matrix
for i=1:20
pi0 = rand(1,length(P)) % initial state distribution chosen randomly from uniform distribution
n = 10000; % number of steps is 10000
fprob = pi0*(P^n) % final state probability matrix
row_sum = sum(fprob)
end
Output:
EE380_Exp10_B
pi0 =
0.6557 0.0357 0.8491 0.9340 0.6787
fprob =
0.5617 0.9617 0.7303 0.3709 0.5286
row_sum =
3.1533
pi0 =
0.7577 0.7431 0.3922 0.6555 0.1712
fprob =
0.4845 0.8295 0.6299 0.3199 0.4559
row_sum =
2.7198
pi0 =
0.7060 0.0318 0.2769 0.0462 0.0971
fprob =
0.2063 0.3532 0.2682 0.1362 0.1941
row_sum =
1.1581
pi0 =
0.8235 0.6948 0.3171 0.9502 0.0344
fprob =
0.5024 0.8601 0.6532 0.3317 0.4727
row_sum =
2.8201
pi0 =
0.4387 0.3816 0.7655 0.7952 0.1869
fprob =
0.4574 0.7832 0.5948 0.3021 0.4305
row_sum =
2.5679
pi0 =
0.4898 0.4456 0.6463 0.7094 0.7547
fprob =
0.5426 0.9289 0.7054 0.3583 0.5106
row_sum =
3.0457
pi0 =
0.2760 0.6797 0.6551 0.1626 0.1190
fprob =
0.3371 0.5772 0.4383 0.2226 0.3172
row_sum =
1.8924
pi0 =
0.4984 0.9597 0.3404 0.5853 0.2238
fprob =
0.4645 0.7953 0.6039 0.3067 0.4371
row_sum =
2.6076
pi0 =
0.7513 0.2551 0.5060 0.6991 0.8909
fprob =
0.5526 0.9462 0.7185 0.3649 0.5200
row_sum =
3.1023
pi0 =
0.9593 0.5472 0.1386 0.1493 0.2575
fprob =
0.3655 0.6258 0.4753 0.2414 0.3440
row_sum =
2.0519
pi0 =
0.8407 0.2543 0.8143 0.2435 0.9293
fprob =
0.5490 0.9400 0.7138 0.3625 0.5167
row_sum =
3.0821
pi0 =
0.3500 0.1966 0.2511 0.6160 0.4733
fprob =
0.3361 0.5755 0.4371 0.2220 0.3163
row_sum =
1.8870
pi0 =
0.3517 0.8308 0.5853 0.5497 0.9172
fprob =
0.5762 0.9865 0.7492 0.3805 0.5422
row_sum =
3.2347
pi0 =
0.2858 0.7572 0.7537 0.3804 0.5678
fprob =
0.4890 0.8372 0.6358 0.3229 0.4602
row_sum =
2.7450
pi0 =
0.0759 0.0540 0.5308 0.7792 0.9340
fprob =
0.4229 0.7240 0.5498 0.2792 0.3979
row_sum =
2.3738
pi0 =
0.1299 0.5688 0.4694 0.0119 0.3371
fprob =
0.2703 0.4627 0.3514 0.1785 0.2543
row_sum =
1.5171
pi0 =
0.1622 0.7943 0.3112 0.5285 0.1656
fprob =
0.3495 0.5983 0.4544 0.2308 0.3289
row_sum =
1.9619
pi0 =
0.6020 0.2630 0.6541 0.6892 0.7482
fprob =
0.5267 0.9017 0.6847 0.3478 0.4956
row_sum =
2.9564
pi0 =
0.4505 0.0838 0.2290 0.9133 0.1524
fprob =
0.3258 0.5578 0.4236 0.2151 0.3066
row_sum =
1.8291
pi0 =
0.8258 0.5383 0.9961 0.0782 0.4427
fprob =
0.5132 0.8787 0.6673 0.3389 0.4830
row_sum =
2.8811
Hence, ti can be seen from the above simulations with 20 restarts that the sum of row probabilities are not equal to 1. Only, the sum is closest to 1 (1.1581) when the initial distribution is
Hence, if the sum of probabilities in the initial distribution is equal to 1 then the final probabilities after simulation of Markov chain will be equal to 1.
4.
Now, distribution is stationary as the sum of the probabilities of initial distribution is not equal to 1 and the equation for being stationary distribution is not satisfied. The equation for stationary distribution is
Introduction:
A 42-year-old indigenous Australian male, named Reggie, residing near Blackall in Central Queensland, married with three children and the sole worker of his family, came with acute decompensation of heart failure. In this essay, we report a case of an adult man categorising it into two priority problems, for which we will discuss further interventions. The problems discussed in detail will be Pulmonary Edema and Venous Thromboembolism. Pulmonary edema will be managed by administration of Furosemide and Intra-aortic balloon pumping. Interventions in Venous Thromboembolism will be anti-coagulant therapy and the use of graduated compression stockings. In treating this critical case, the nurse has a significant role in monitoring and clinical reasoning to ensure improvement in Reggie’s health. The aforementioned interventions will help reduce edema of the alveoli, increasing cardiac output by reducing blood pressure, resolving stasis and promoting blood flow in the legs, which will lead to the healing of edema in the legs, which will cause a general improvement in the condition of the patient that threatens his life.
Body:
The patient presented with pain on inspiration. When examined, he had a high systolic blood pressure of 184, increased respiratory rate of 28 breaths per minute and coarse crackling sound on auscultation. Pulmonary Edema is a condition in which there is an accumulation of fluid in the parenchyma and the alveoli of the lungs. “It is due to either failure of the left ventricle of the heart to remove blood adequately from the pulmonary circulation, or an injury to the lung parenchyma or vasculature of the lung” (Arrigo, Parissis, Akiyama & Mebazaa, 2016; Thompson, Chambers & Liu, 2017). Hence, in this case, it would be known as Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema, because Reggie is a patient of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure which is the rapid deterioration of earlier heart failure. The pathophysiology is best understood by the neuro-humoral pathway. “In the presence of cardiac dysfunction, several neuro-humoral pathways, including the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the arginine-vasopressin system, are activated to counter the negative effects of HF on oxygen delivery to the peripheral tissues. Neuro-humoral activation in HF leads to impaired regulation of sodium excretion through the kidneys which result in sodium and, secondarily, fluid accumulation” (Njist et al., 2015; Arrigo et al., 2016).
It is essential in Pulmonary Edema for the nurse to diagnose and start the treatment as early as possible in order to avoid any grave results. The most important intervention here is the administration of a diuretic, preferably loop diuretic, Furosemide. This is a Dependant (physician initiated) intervention. Responsibilities that a nurse has in the whole administration process of this drug are to “Monitor the urine output as well as other vital signs. Watch for a drop in blood pressure. If your patient is on a cardiac monitor, watch for any arrhythmias that could be caused by a shift in electrolytes. Monitor labwork: watch for changes in the BUN and Creatinine and also potassium and other electrolytes” (Wilson, 2017). It is important to listen to the heart and lung sounds since the patient has heart failure. In case multiple doses are being administered, the nurse should be careful to note any signs of dehydration and stop or decrease the drug immediately. It is also necessary for the nurse to make sure that a bathroom is nearby for the patient to go to whenever needed. If a urinary catheter is placed, he/she should make sure that does not leak or become kinked and also clean around the area in order to prevent any infection (Wilson, 2017). Furosemide helps relieve edema by increasing the output of urine. “Furosemide, sold under the brand name Lasix among others, is a medication used to treat fluid build-up due to heart failure, liver scarring, or kidney disease” (Still, Davis, Chilipko, Jenkosol & Norwood, 2013). Therefore, Furosemide will alleviate edema in the alveoli by acting on the kidney and increasing the output of urine, causing recovery and prevention of the pulmonary edematous condition that was causing Reggie to have coarse crackles, high systolic pressure and pain on inspiration. “Furosemide reduces preload by diuresis in 20-60 minutes” (Sovari, 2017).
The advantages of this intervention include reduction of edema, and drop in high blood pressure, which would further prevent strokes, heart attacks and kidney problems. (WebMD) The disadvantages of this drug intervention comprise of dizziness, headache, vision problems, dehydration, muscle cramps, itching/rash, stomach pain, diarrhea, constipation, jaundice, and clay coloured stools. There are several adverse effects of the drug that are caused by its interaction with other drugs such as Sucralfate, Cyclosporine, various antibiotics, cardiac and hypertension medications, laxatives, salicylates, etc (Lasix Oral, n.d.). A lactating mother should avoid it as it has the ability to pass into breast milk. It is also reported to delay the production of breast milk (Cunha, 2018).
Intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) is aggressive form care in cardiogenic shock patients. “Regardless of the cause, when the cardiogenic shock is recognised in the early stages, the IABP may decrease the high mortality rate significantly” (Cunha, 2018). It is a collaborative intervention. “An intra-aortic balloon pump is a short-term catheter solution to help the heart pump blood. IABPs are used to increase blood flow through the coronary arteries and reduce the heart’s workload by decreasing the afterload” (Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump, n.d.). The patient’s femoral artery is where the IABP, which is a pumping chamber, is inserted from. It is then passed into the abdominal aorta ultimately reaching the descending thoracic aorta. At the start of diastole, the balloon inflates, while the aortic valve closes, to expand the coronary artery. As the aortic valve opens again, deflation occurs. Therefore, the workload of the left ventricle is consequently decreased as there is a reduction in the intra-aortic fluid volume. It is important to note that the balloon should inflate at the accurate time in the cycle. The nurse must have all the facts and information about the intervention so as to direct patients to the normal cardiac status. The patients should be given a thorough neurologic examination, to make sure they are aware of their orientation. It is the nurse’s responsibility to help the patient comprehend every aspect of his treatment. Inappropriate conversations should be made away from the patient where he is not able to hear them. The nurse should keep the incisions clean and dry. To aid the patient in turning, coughing and deep-breathing is imperative to prevent any complications. To avoid the risk of thrombus formation, all the pulses must be taken at every hour, along with the temperature. This intervention is suitable for the patient because it can increase the oxygen perfusion of the myocardial tissue and cardiac output by 40%. This intervention will assist in the reduction of pulmonary edema that is caused by the inability of the heart to pump blood, backing up of blood and increase in blood pressure. “IABP is the most frequently used and has saved countless patients with advanced heart disease over the past 50 years” (Jiang et al., 2017).
Intra-aortic balloon pumping is imperative to assist cardiac function in heart failure patients. It is also used as a temporary procedure for anyone waiting for a transplant. “Various studies have shown that as many as a quarter of patients may encounter bleeding at the IABP’s access site” (Senecal, 2015). A Ruptured aorta is a very serious complication of the procedure. There could be an occlusion of the femoral artery (where the catheter is inserted) causing blockage of blood flow to other parts of the body. Hematomas could form under the groin skin. There is also kidney failure reported as a complication of this procedure from a few patients (Senecal, 2015). “Major vascular complications, including limb and mesenteric ischemia as well as bleeding and hemorrhage, have been associated with IABP” (de Jong et al., 2017).
Types of evaluation data comprise of Primary sources, and Secondary sources. The edema in the patient’s lungs was greatly reduced. An absence of coarse crackles on auscultation was noticed. Breath sounds were normal. He stopped experiencing any pain on inspiration.
The patient presented with fatigue and weight gain. When examined, bilateral pitting edema of both legs was seen. Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) consists of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism (Yu-Fen et al., 2018). It is the formation of a blood clot deep in the legs (DVT) which travels and embeds in the lungs, forming pulmonary embolism (Uhlig et al., 2016). The three conditions inclining towards VTE are Hypercoagulability, Stasis and Endothelial damage (Lasix Oral, n.d.). In this case, it occurs due to stasis of blood which is a factor of heart failure.
The major intervention in a patient with the risk of VTE is the management with Heparin and Warfarin as VTE Prophylaxis. These are anticoagulant agents. It is an independent nursing intervention. “Anticoagulant therapy prevents further clot deposition and allows the patient’s natural fibrinolytic mechanisms to lyse the existing clot” (De Palo, 2019). Moderate-risk patients (40-60 years) are ought to be given Heparin, preferably low-dose unfractionated heparin or low molecular-weight heparin (De Palo, 2019). A nurse should have a comprehensive knowledge of the condition to be able to perform efficiently in its prevention. “Lack of knowledge about VTE is an important barrier to effective nursing performance” (Yu-Fen et al., 2018).
As important is the administration of the drugs is, monitoring of the patient holds equal importance. It is essential to monitor a patient that is being given heparin prophylaxis to look for any signs of VTE in addition to bleeding and thrombocytopenia which are the side effects of the drug. Signs include pain, tenderness, edema and discolouration of the lower limbs (Senecal, 2015). This intervention is appropriate for the patient because since he shows signs of edema in his legs, this drug will help resolve the stasis causing the blood flow to move in its proper direction, which would lead to the reduction of the edema, diminishing any risk of DVT or PE.
Heparin has a short half-life allowing easy dose adjustments and an immediate effect. Moreover, it is a natural agent. It causes magnificent effects on the clotting cascade. Warfarin has a longer half-life and exceptional bioavailability, as it works for a longer period of time (Brown, Wilkerson & Love, 2015). Bleeding (thrombocytopenia), Bruising or bluish discolouration of the skin and mild itching of the feet can be seen as side effects (Unfried, 2017).
Graduated compression stockings are special stockings that endorse blood flow in legs. It is an Independent intervention. “It also demonstrated that GCS probably reduce the risk of developing DVT in the thighs (proximal DVT, moderate-quality evidence) and PE (low-quality evidence)” (Sachdeva, Dalton & Lees, 2018). They work by compression therapy to decrease venous pressure and prevent venous disorders like edema, phlebitis, and thrombosis. “By squeezing the leg tissues and walls of the veins, compression stockings can help blood in the veins return to the heart. They can also improve the flow of the fluid (called lymph) that bathes the cells in the legs” (Barone, 2016). The nurse’s responsibilities in this intervention are to assess the size of the stockings properly with a measuring tape, to educate the patient about the pros and cons of it. The nurse should also remember to remove the stockings and examine the patient’s skin after every 12 hours (Wade, Paton & Woolacott, 2017). “Graduated compression stockings exert the greatest degree of compression at the ankle, and the level of compression gradually decreases up the garment” (Lim & Davies, 2014). It is appropriate for the patient because it works by decreasing the diameter of distended veins and increasing the velocity of venous blood flow and maintaining valve efficacy. This intervention will resolve the oedematous condition of the legs of the patient while preventing VTE.
Their advantages include the fact that they are a conservative method of treating venous disorders. They decrease pain and discomfort associated with the underlying venous disorder. They also aid in the reduction of bruising and clot formation (Webb, Walter, Overby, Hall & Griffin, 2019). They may cause skin irritation if they are worn for long periods of time (Nall, 2018).
Conclusion
After these interventions, the patient was active, and the previously noted exhaustion was gone. Bilateral pitting edema of legs was managed, and the swelling was diminished to a great degree. The patient also lost significant weight.
Since the
patient was in a serious condition of acute decompensated heart failure
presenting with symptoms that directed towards the risk of pulmonary edema and
venous thromboembolism, it
was imperative to use interventions whose benefits outweigh the risks. They included:
administration of Furosemide, insertion of Intra-aortic balloon pump,
administration of Heparin and Warfarin, and provision of graduated compression
stockings (Still et al., 2013). These interventions aided in the
reduction of edema from the alveoli, increasing the cardiac output by reduction
of blood pressure, resolution of stasis, and promotion of blood flow in the
legs leading to the cure of edema in legs, causing an overall improvement in
the patient’s life-threatening condition
REFERENCE
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Brown, D. G., Wilkerson, E. C., & Love, W. E. (2015). A review of traditional and novel oral anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy for dermatologists and dermatologic surgeons. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, Vol. 72(3), pp. 524-534.
Cunha, J. P. (2018). Common Side Effects of Lasix (Furosemide) Drug Center. Retrieved April 27, 2019, from https://www.rxlist.com/lasix-side-effects-drug-center.htm#overview
de Jong, M. M., Lorusso, R., Al Awami, F., Matteucci, F., Parise, O., Lozekoot, P., Gelsomino, S. (2017). Vascular complications following intra-aortic balloon pump implantation: an updated review. Perfusion, Vol. 33(2), pp. 96–104. doi:10.1177/0267659117727825
De Palo, V. A. (2019, January 29). Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Anticoagulant Therapy, Thrombolytic Therapy. Retrieved April 27, 2019, from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1267714-treatment
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