Domestic Violence
History of problem
- Supremacists Alex Curtis and Tom Metzger made the term ‘lone wolf’ popular in 1990s.
- They believed individual or small-cell secretive activity predicting combatants who used to act alone or in small groups and attacked the government and other targets in anonymous acts (Beydoun, 2018) .
- According to terrorism expert Brian Michael Jenkins of RAND Corporation, most of the individuals involved in such attacks appear to be acting alone but they are often linked with terrorist organizations (Weimann, 2012).
Example 1
Las Vegas Strip Shooting
Contd
- It was an incident of single shooter, who killed around 59 people and wounded around 527 people in Las Vegas.
- The bullets were fired from suite’s windows located on 32nd floor of Mandalay Bay
- He fired bullets on thousands of people who were present outside country music festival.
- Some attendees initially thought it to be fireworks but when people started to fell down and rapid-fire shots continued and, the crowd came to know about actual happening.
- Some attendees initially thought it to be fireworks but when people started to fell down and rapid-fire shots continued and, the crowd came to know about actual happening.
- It was later on revealed that a 64-year-old man named Stephen Paddock alone carried out the mass shooting (Las Vegas Review-Journal, 2017).
Example 2
Mass Shooting at Cascade Mall, Washington
Contd..
- A gunman wearing black clothes after firing in the makeup department at a Macy’s store in Burlington ran away in the direction of an interstate highway. Five people were killed in incident.
- The Cascade Mall’s surveillance footage revealed that suspect entered the mall at night. He was not carrying any weapon at that time. But he had rifle in his hand when he walked into Macy’s 10 minutes later.
- Washington State Police arrested Arcan Ceting, a 20 year old teenager from Oak Harbor in Washinton (Stanglin & Ventura, 2016).
Best Practices to Detect Offenders or Attacks
Contd
Infrastructure Protection
Recommended Long-term Solutions
References
- Borum, R. (2016). What drives lone offenders? Retrieved fromTheconversation.com: https://theconversation.com/what- drives-lone-offenders-62745
- Byman, D. L. (2017). How to hunt a lone wolf: Countering terrorists who act on their own. Retrieved from Brookings.edu: https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/how-to-hunt-a-lone-wolf-countering-terrorists-who-act-on-their-own/
- Las Vegas Review-Journal. (2017). ‘It was a horror show’: Mass shooting leaves at least 59 dead, 527 wounded on Las Vegas Strip. Retrieved from reviewjournal.com: https://www.reviewjournal.com/local/the-strip/it-was-a-horror-show- mass-shooting-leaves-at-least-59-dead-527-wounded-on-las-vegas-strip/
- Lincoln, A. J. (2009). Considering an IOA Research Agenda. Journal of the International Ombudsman Association, 2(1), 1-118.
- Mayer, M., & Downing, M. (2013). Preventing the Next “Lone Wolf” Terrorist Attack Requires Stronger Federal–State–Local Capabilities. Retrieved from heritage.org: https://www.heritage.org/terrorism/report/preventing-the-next-lone- wolf-terrorist-attack-requires-stronger-federal-state
- Phillips, P. J. (2011). Lone Wolf Terrorism. Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, 17(1).
- Smith, B. L., Gruenewald, J., Roberts, P., & Damphousse, K. R. (2015). The Emergence of Lone Wolf Terrorism: Patterns of Behavior and Implications for Intervention. Terrorism and Counterterrorism Today (Sociology of Crime, Law and Deviance, 20, 89 – 110.
- Spaaij, R., & Hamm, M. S. (2015). Key issues and research agendas in lone wolf terrorism. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 38, 167-178.
- Stanglin, D., & Ventura, C. (2016). Suspect arrested in mall shooting that left 5 dead. Retrieved from USAtoday.com: https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2016/09/24/seattle-shooting-cascade-mall- burlington/91009272/
- Beydoun, K. A. (2018). Lone wolf terrorism: Types, stripes, and double standards. Northwestern University Law Review, 112, 187-215.
- Weimann, G. (2012). Lone Wolves in Cyberspace. Journal of Terrorism Research, 3(2).
- Zamost, S. (2017). Homeland Security report cited lone offenders as threat to large events in South, before Las Vegas massacre. Retrieved from cnbc.com: https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/04/homeland-security-report-cited-lone-offenders-as- threat-to-events-before-las-vegas-massacre.html
