QUESTION
Description:
you are required to write a 1500 word essay on any one of the following topics:
• the professionalisation of management
• key thinkers in political economy
• Taylorism
• emotional work
• contemporary theories of work organisation
SOLUTION
INTRODUCTION
Professionalism is a way of behaviour, etiquette and manners which are practiced in a particular environment. Professionalism is defined on the basis of the culture, ethics and integrity of the organization.
Professionalism is very important in today’s business environment because it defines what the acceptable behaviour in the organization is, how one should behave inside and outside the organization, how they should deal with people, and above all Professionalism trains the managers and business persons how to deal with oversees organization
In recent era, when there is globalization and international business growing day by day, it becomes very important to learn how they should deal with people of another country. And this can be perfect if professional in their behaviour because it is something which provides guidelines for what is wrong and right.
Professionalism vary from one country to another, so for the profitable position of the business, it all depends how business persons are dealing with people of another country, so that their deal become success full .Because it all depends on the formal and informal communication and etiquette is part of this communication. Professionalism gives good impression and good impression will always earn profit for the company.
BODY:
Professionalism has become part of any management functions like other material functions.
It defines what are the ethics which must be followed in the organization. An organisation which follows ethical guidance and follows the principles of corporate governance is always a successful organisation.
Professionalism is not so difficult to follow or manage but due to some self satisfaction and self interest we find people cross the limit of ethics and become unethical to satisfy our self interest. To work hard and follow the ethical path is the most important aspect for an employee to go for a long run in the organization. This also helps the organization to grow in an ethical and effective manner. But sometimes employees get diverted from their actual path due to some external catalyst or some other reasons like their self interest, some other issues that leads to the unethical behaviour of the employees. This gives a chance for others as well to become unethical. Then it becomes very difficult to stop this kind of negative and unethical activity within the organization. Some people want to cross these kinds of rules and regulations that lead to the unethical concept generation within themselves. This may happen due to various reasons such as not suitable or friendly work environment, issues with peers, culture of the organization, and various other issues. To stop these kinds of unethical behaviour we need to work upon it in a proactive manner. And teaching people the sense of Professionalism can help to overcome such issues as these kinds of issues are becoming more obvious in an organization that is creating a big issue in path of success of the organization.
Professionalism, if not followed and utilized effectively, then it may hinder the brand name or efficiency of the organization. “The discourse of professionalism is used as a marketing slogan in advertising to attract customers (Fournier 1999)”.It will finally lead to the hurdle in path of the growth and interest of the organization. The unprofessional behaviour of people in the organizations affects corporate social responsibility and ethics also have an effect on the strategic marketing decision making in the way of making the brand name as a common and some different image in the common people.
Professionalism can be encouraged in an organisation by using appropriate channels of communication in the organisation’s when people communicate what are the defects in their behaviour and how they can overcome it. There are a lot of advantages of using verbal communication to make a strong and effective prospective over the interpersonal relationship among the employs and also strengthen the stakeholders.
Professionalism also strengthens in cultural communication. Intercultural Communication is a process of exchanging meaningful information, across boundaries in order to share beliefs, values and ideas, this helps to maintain the mutial, respect, harmony and good behaviour at all levels in the organization. If employees follow right behaviour and know what should be the right behaviour, what should be done when, how it should be done, and then it will promote good relations across borders also.
Ethics in any business is important because ethical code of conduct is required in any business for its long term profit and growth. Ethical code of conduct provide the guidelines which should be followed by all employees and such ethical codes van be enhanced by teaching the employs the sense of professionalism (Dhar, R. 1992).
It is important to follow not only ones own one countries ethics but also International code of ethics is important because:
Every Nation has its own ethical code of conduct, history, culture and traditions which it has developed and are being followed by all business people in that country. Those ethics are the basics principles of that nation it will be difficult for any country to understand and accept the ethical codes of any other country in short span of time. Because each country has its own beliefs and customs.”In early British sociological analysis, the key concept was ‘professionalism’ and the emphasis was the importance of professionalism for the stability and civility of social systems (e.g. Tawney 1921; Carr-Saunders and Wilson 1933; Marshall 1950)”
Professionalims is the most effective and crucial factor in path of employee confidence and morale enhancement and this can also be enhanced by motivating employees to follow such principles and ethics because motivation has a great role in path of achieving success or even in cases of working (Loewenstein, 1999)
Motivation is the provoking force that makes a person to do something. It includes varying emotions and varying factors; initiatives, intensity, drives, persistence, that inhibit, neutralize, or promote goal influenced behaviours.
Alignment of purpose, aim and values among employees, teams and organization is one of the most fundamental aspects of Professionalism. The better the alignment and cooperation with organizational aims, the better the place for motivation and improvement. “Fournier (1999) considers the appeal to ‘professionalism’ as a disciplinary mechanism in new occupational contexts”.
Application of motivational theory for enhancing professionalism
1) To enhance the morale of employees: since motivational theory focuses on the employee’s enrichment and towards the employee strengthening for the better performance at each stage of job profile.
2) To make the employees competitive: Motivational theory also makes the employees competitive among each other.
Professionalism teaches the employees to accept new challenges and formulate such management strategy which world is helpful in the organizational growth and development. “The appeal to
professionalism can be seen as a powerful motivating force of control ‘at a distance’(Miller and Rose 1990, Burch ell et al. 1991)”. Since, the motivational factor makes the employees confident to accept the new strategy and the idea behind the implementation of new strategy for the beneficiary of the organization and employee both. Evolution of new ideas, innovation, R&D these all are influenced by motivational theory. And these factors ultimately guide the implementation of professional behaviour among people.
Organization structure and the hierarchy is also an important aspect of motivational theory. Since, the lower management people get appreciation from middle management and similarly the middle management team gets appreciation from the upper management team. So, the organizational structure is also very much influenced by motivational theory. It is a kind of ethics and value to make the team people more competitive and effective by means of appreciation or appraisal or rewards for the work and effort the team is making (STEWART, DW. 1990).
Management behaviour towards the lower management employee or the workers also shows the Professionalism of the employees Professionalism has a great influence and effect on the culture and environment of the organization. The organization culture is a big and important key player for the goal achievement. “Freidson (2001:150) has drawn attention to the class-based nature of trust relations.”
Professionalism also guides organization to run on team basis. Since team has unity and the cooperation is very essential to make an organization run smoothly. Team effect also gives competitive advantage to the organization. Team is again dependent on the Professional behaviour (HARREL, GD. 1990).
Professionalism has a great and strong influence to make a change in the organization process. It also helps in accepting the change by the employees. Since, employee needs to understand the real meaning and the use of the changes happening in the organization. This could only be done by motivating the employees. Change is mostly being opposed by the employees. It’s motivational factor that can make the changes acceptable by the employees. So, motivation has a great influence in the change implementation. So we can say that Professionalism is one of the best and effective strategies to make the employee effective and efficient by improving their morale and confidence at each stage of profession.
CONCLUSION:
Following professionalism for an industry is important because people of that particular industry will have knowledge of not only their own country ethics, but part from that they will also have knowledge of international code of ethics of that industry so that whenever a foreign body meets for business it creates an effective common ethical cooperative framework thus keeping the rigid values unchanged.
Professionalism has a great importance for the growth and profitability of the organization. It also plays a vital role in achieving competitive advantage of the competitors for a long run business. It is a king of strategy to make a uniqueness and difference from the other players in the market. It further helps in cutting the competition and making a new path for the wealth maximization to the organization. Professionalism is like a discipline for the organization to move on that path for a better growth opportunities and prospective future of the organization
REFERENCE LIST
Buchner-Jeziorska, A. and Evetts, J. (1997) ‘Regulating professionals: the Polish example’. International Sociology 12:1: 61-72.
Collins, R. (1979) The Credential Society: An Historical Sociology of Education and Stratification. New York: Academic Press
Dingwall, R. & Lewis, P. (Eds.) (1983) The Sociology of the Professions: Lawyers, Doctors and Others. London: Macmillan.
Evetts, J. (2005) ‘Organizational and Occupational Professionalism: the legacies of Weber and Durkheim for knowledge society’. ISA Executive Committee International Symposium – Cultural Change, Social Problems and Knowledge Society. 7-11 March, Zaragoza, Spain
Fournier, V. (1999) ‘The appeal to ‘professionalism’ as a disciplinary mechanism’. Social Review 47:2: 280-307.
Johnson, T. (1972) Professions and Power. London: Macmillan
Larson, M.S. (1977) The Rise of Professionalism. California: University of California Press
McClellend, C.E. (1990) ‘Escape from freedom? Reflections on German professionalization 1870-1933’ in R. Torstendahl and M. Burrage (eds) The Formation of Professions: Knowledge, State and Strategy. London: Sage. pp. 97-113.
Miller, P. and Rose, N. (1990) ‘Governing economic life’. Economy and Society 19:1: 1-31.
Perkin, H. (1988) The Rise of Professional Society. Routledge: London.
Saks, M. (1995) Professions and the Public Interest. London: Routledge.
Sautu, R. (1998) ‘The effect of the marketization of the Argentine economy on the labor market: shifts in the demand for university trained professionals’. Paper presented at ISA Congress, Montreal, July 26-Aug 1.
Toward Professionalism in Business Management, HBR, Vol 47, (March- April, 1969), pp. 49-60.
Dhar, R. 1992. To choose or not to choose: this is the question. Advances in Consumer Research XIX:735-738. Twenty second Annual Conference. [sl]. Association for Consumer Research.
HARREL, GD. 1990. A new perspective on choice. Advances in Consumer Research XVII:737- 745. Twentieth Annual Conference. New Orleans. Association for Consumer Research.
STEWART, DW. 1990. A commentary on new theoretical perspectives on consumer behavior. Advances in Consumer Research XVII:750. Twentieth Annual Conference. New Orleans. Association for Consumer Research
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